Interspecific effects betweenMoniliformis(Acanthocephala),Hymenolepis(Cestoda) andNippostrongylus(Nematoda) in the laboratory rat

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Holland
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Laboratory Rat ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Rats harbouring 35-day-old primary infections ofMoniliformis moniliformisandHymenolepis diminutawere inoculated with equal doses ofNippostrongylus brasiliensisand were autopsied 10 days later. Significant reductions were found in the dry weight ofMoniliformisandHymenolepisand in the numbers ofNippostrongylusrecovered compared with single infections. Similarly, in infections with two parasites, the numbers ofNippostrongyluswere reduced when concurrent withMoniliformisand the dry weights ofMoniliformisandHymenolepisdecreased in the presence of each other. A comparison of the concurrent infections themselves revealed thatMoniliformisweighed significantly less in the presence ofHymenolepisthan in the three parasite infections. Parasite interactions and their possible mechanism are discussed and comparisons are made with the relevant single infection for each parasite.

Interactions between Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) and Nippostrongylus (Nematoda) in the small intestine of laboratory rats

Parasitology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Holland
Keyword(s):  
Primary Infection ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Cross Immunity

SUMMARYRats harbouring a 35-day-old primary infection of Moniliformis dubius were inoculated with constant doses of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and 10 days later, after post mortem examination, rats with concurrent infections harboured significantly fewer Nippostrongylus than rats with single infections. Similar infections of Moniliformis were carried out, but with post mortem taking place on days 8,9, 12 and 14 of the Nippostrongylus infections. On days 8 and 9 of infection, rats with concurrent infections did not harbour significantly fewer Nippostrongylus compared with single infections. Both single and concurrent infections of 12-and 14-day-old Nippostrongylus were found to harbour lower numbers of worms. In the single infection this corresponds to the timing of the typical immune expulsion of a primary single infection which takes place on approximately day 12 of infection. The Moniliformis population was not significantly affected, in terms of numbers, dry weight and length, although each parasite population did show a slight shift in site in the presence of the other. A significant reduction in egg production by Nippostrongylus was detected throughout concurrent infection. The possible role of non-reciprocal cross-immunity is discussed as an explanation for the apparent early expulsion of the Nippostrongylus population in the presence of Moniliformis.

scholarly journals Research Note. Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in commensal rodents from Tabasco, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cigarroa-Toledo ◽  
Y. De Los Santos-Martinez ◽  
C. V. Zaragoza-Vera ◽  
M. M. Garcia-Rodriguez ◽  
C. M. Baak-Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Syphacia Muris ◽  
Commensal Rodents ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Summary The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and species composition of helminths in commensal rodents captured inside private residences in the city of Villahermosa in Tabasco, Mexico. Trapping was performed at each house for three consecutive nights from October to December 2015. Fifty commensal rodents were captured: 23 Rattus norvegicus, 16 Mus musculus and 11 Rattus rattus. Rodents were transported alive to the laboratory and held in cages until they defecated. Feces were analyzed for helminth eggs using the Sheather’s flotation technique. The overall prevalence of helminths in rodents was 60 %: R. norvegicus was more likely to be parasitized (87.0 %) than R. rattus (63.6 %) and M. musculus (18.8 %). Eggs from at least 13 species of helminths were identified: Hymenolepis diminuta, Rodentolepis nana, Moniliformis moniliformis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Heterakis spumosa, Mastophorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti, Syphacia obvelata, Syphacia muris, Toxocara sp., Trichosomoides crassicauda, and Trichuris muris. This is the first study to report the presence of H. polygyrus, S. ratti and T. crassicauda in commensal rodents in Mexico. In conclusion, our results suggest that helminths commonly infect commensal rodents in Villahermosa and therefore rodents present a health risk to inhabitants in this region.

scholarly journals Endo-parasites of public-health importance recovered from rodents in the Durban metropolitan area, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Archer ◽  
Christopher C. Appleton ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa ◽  
Jennifer Lamb ◽  
M. Corrie Schoeman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Background: Parasite infections of public health importance carried by Rattus spp. on the African continent (excluding toxoplasmosis) have not been adequately researched. The aim of this study was to investigate endoparasites of public health importance, particularly those associated with R. norvegicus, at different locations and seasons within the port-city, Durban.Methods: Four hundred rodents (379 R. norvegicus, 10 R. rattus and 11 Mastomys natalensis) were live-trapped at 60 sites in four locations, during wet and dry seasons in 2009. Rats were humanely euthanased, cardiac blood drawn (for blood smears and serology), ectoparasites removed and dissected. Each organ was separately processed to collect parasites. Binary logistic regression and four-way ANOVAs were used to test for the effects of location, season, rodent age and gender on parasite prevalence, richness and abundance.Results: Eight parasites of public health importance were detected: Gongylonema sp. (25.3%), Trypanosoma lewisi (22.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (17.2%), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (15.3%), Toxoplasma gondii (11.2%), Moniliformis moniliformis (9.5%), Calodium hepaticum (2.6%) and H. nana (0.8%). Ascaris spp. (probably A. lumbricoides) ova, assumed to have been acquired from consuming infected human faeces were found in rat faeces (4.8%). Parasite species richness was positively associated with location, season and rodent age. Location, season, rat age and gender differentially affected prevalence and worm abundance of parasite species.Conclusions: These occurrence data of parasites of public health importance provide valuable information to local and provincial organisations and medical practitioners for diagnoses of possible zoonoses, and a reference point for further studies in metropolitan areas of Africa.

scholarly journals Helminth fauna of Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 from the Belgrade area, Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kataranovski ◽  
Milena Kataranovski ◽  
Isidora Deljanin
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Norway Rats

The aims of this study were to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) that inhabit the Belgrade area, and to analyze the associations among helminths. Of 302 trapped rats, 52% were females and 48% males, with 39% and approx. 37% of juvenile-subadult individuals, per sex, respectively. The following parasites were detected (with their respective prevalence): Cestoda - Hymenolepis diminuta (30.46%) and Rodentolepis fraterna (12.58%); Nematoda - Heterakis spumosa (36.75%), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (16.22%), Capillaria sp. (5.96%), Trichuris muris (5.96%), Syphacia muris (4.30%) and Strongylus sp. larvae (0.33%). Flukes (Trematoda) were not recorded. Of all examined rats, 68.54% were found to harbor at least one parasite species, with higher prevalence in male hosts and in adult individuals. There were no age-related differences in the prevalence of infection with individual helminth species. Multiple infections occurred with up to four species per rat showing different combinations of parasite infections. These are the first records of the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of Norway rats in Serbia.

scholarly journals R. rattus y R. norvegicus, como reservorio de endoparásitos zoonóticos en Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. e1260
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Solorzano-Alava ◽  
Francisco Ivan Sanchez-Amador ◽  
Sunny Sanchez-Giler ◽  
Jaime Pizarro V
Keyword(s):  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Objetivo. Recolectar información sobre la presencia de parasitosis intestinales en roedores, con énfasis en parásitos de importancia médica en humanos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio parasitológico para detectar la presencia de helmintos en roedores en zonas urbanas y rurales de cinco provincias del Ecuador entre el 2014 y 2017. Los roedores fueron capturados y transportados al Centro Referencia Nacional de Parasitología del Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública – Guayaquil, para su posterior análisis. Resultados. Se encontraron 125/211 (59.2%) ratas con endoparásitos, 13/20 (65%) R. rattus y 112/191 (58.6%) R. norvegicus. El nemátodo más prevalente fue Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (para ambas especies de roedores), y Heterakis spumosa, seguido por los cestodos: Hymenolepis diminuta, H. nana, Moniliformis moniliformis y Cysticercus fasciolaris. Conclusiones. La presencia de cuatro especies de cestodos zoonóticos en los roedores muestreados que viven cerca comunidades humanas, representan un riesgo potencial de infecciónpara los habitantes, especialmente en el caso de R. norvegicus (presento mayor diversidad de especies parasitarias).Por lo tanto, el control de la población de roedores en las áreas residenciales y las recomendaciones a la población local sobre el riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades a través de roedores parece ser totalmente necesario.

Host age and the growth and fecundity of Hymenolepis diminuta in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Quinnell
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Crowding Effect ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Worm Recovery ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats

ABSTRACTFive, 20, and 80 cysticercoid infections of Hymenolepis diminuta were established in 1-, 2- and 5-month-old male Wistar rats. Worm numbers, dry weights and egg outputs were determined on day 28 post infection. Worm recovery was found to be independent of cysticercoid dose in 1-month-old rats, but density-dependent in older rats. Density dependence affected both worm dry weight and egg production in all 3 age classes of host studied. However, at the highest dose both dry weight and egg production were significantly decreased in 2- and 5-month-old rats compared with 1-month-old rats. The results cannot be explained solely in terms of competition for a resource, and suggest that immunological mechanisms may have an important role in the “crowding effect”.

Variation in the size and position of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) within the rat intestine

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Mettrick ◽  
Lorna C. Dunkley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Data on the dry weight of 410 worms from both male and female rats is shown not to differ significantly from the normal (Gaussian) frequency distribution. This finding justified the use of statistics based on this function.Host body weight is shown to have a highly significant (P < 0.01) effect upon worm dry weight. The heavier the rat, the smaller the worms. An experimental design taking rat body weight into consideration is shown to be up to 36% more efficient in demonstrating differences between groups than one that ignores this source of variation. The point of scolex attachment behind the pyloric sphincter also has a significant effect (P < 0.05) upon worm dry weight. The nearer the scolex is to the stomach, the smaller the worm.The distribution of worm biomass in the intestine does not follow a normal (Gaussian) frequency, but is both asymmetrical (P < 0.001) and flattened (P < 0.001). Over 50% of the parasite biomass lies within the second quarter of the intestine. The distribution of the median points of worm strobilae in the rat intestine is also asymmetrical (P < 0.01) with a peak in the zone which represents a distance of 30–35% from the stomach.The migration of H. diminuta within the rat intestine results in the greater part of the parasite body lying in the second quarter of the intestine. The median points of the strobilae are concentrated at the junction of the first and second quarters of the intestine. This region of the rat intestine appears to offer the optimum site for the growth of H. diminuta.

Delayed rejection of single Hymenolepis diminuta in primary infections of young mice

Parasitology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Befus ◽  
D. W. Featherston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Delayed Rejection ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Young Mice

In CFLP male tapeworm-free mice, from 2 to 7 weeks old at infection, at least 80% of single Hymenolepis diminuta establish and grow but then are rejected; day of rejection defined as the first day when ≦ 50% of the worms were recovered. Young mice, 2 to 4 weeks old, usually reject their worms during days 16–20 while older mice, 5 to 7 weeks old, reject them during days 12–14. Biomass (total dry weight of all worms recovered on a given day from a group of mice) varied markedly with host age and was consistently greatest in 4-week-old mice. The position of the worm in the intestine did not vary with host age. The quality of mice (categorized by the Medical Research Council Laboratory Animals Centre) did not appear to affect the course of a primary, single H. diminuta infection although, undoubtedly, the mice had varied immunological histories. Variations in time of rejection and biomass of worms recovered are accounted for by both immunological and physiological mechanisms.

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