Factors Related to Loneliness

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Barretta ◽  
Debbie Dantzler ◽  
Wesley Kayson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Older Subjects

To examine the relations of sex, age, and alcohol with loneliness, 294 subjects completed the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, a 20-item rating scale which measures satisfaction and dissatisfaction with current social relationships. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance of the loneliness scores indicated a significant main effect for age, with older subjects rating loneliness higher than younger subjects. There was also a significant interaction between age and alcohol use Older subjects who reported consuming alcohol on more days also rated loneliness higher whereas younger subjects who reported consuming alcohol on more days were least lonely.

Locus of Control and Field Dependence as Factors in Students' Evaluations of Applied Music Instruction

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Schmidt ◽  
Robert Stephans
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Music Instruction ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Music Teaching ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Applied Music Instruction

This study examined students' evaluations of applied music teaching as a function of the students' attributes of locus of control and field dependence/independence. 70 undergraduate music majors listened to an audiotape of an applied piano lesson taught by one of two teachers, Subjects evaluated the teacher by means of (a) the Applied Teaching Rating Scale and (b) the Favorable and Unfavorable Scales of the Adjective Checklist. The former ratings and the ratio of favorable to unfavorable adjectives were examined by means of 3 × 3 factorial multivariate analysis of variance. A significant effect of locus of control was found for the adjective ratio, with externally oriented subjects rating teachers significantly less favorably than relatively internally oriented subjects. No significant main effect for field dependence was found. A significant interaction was noted for both the ratings and the adjective ratio, with 19% and 15% of the variance, respectively, explained.

Preferences for Single Tone Stimuli

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Hedden
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Single Tone ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Nonmusic Majors ◽  
Tonal Stimuli ◽  
Frequency Intensity

This research used a factorial analysis of variance to examine preferences for tonal stimuli that differed in frequency, intensity, or wave form. For the sample of music majors, wave form appeared to have the greatest effect on preferences; pure tones were most preferred. The main effect for intensity also was significant, as was the interaction of intensity and wave form. For the sample of nonmusic majors, the predominant influence on preferences seemed to be intensity. The nonmusic majors preferred the softer of the two levels. In addition, the main effect for wave form was significant, as were the interactions of wave form with intensity and frequency with intensity.

Problem-Solving Performances of First-Grade Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Steffe ◽  
David C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Problem Type ◽  
Problem Types ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Effects

A sample of 111 first-grade children was partitioned into 4 categories, where the categorization was determined by an ability to make quantitative comparisons and IQ. 6 problems of each of 8 problem types were presented to each child in a randomized sequence. Approximately one-half of the children in each category were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 levels of Problem Conditions. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that IQ was not significant. Problem Conditions was significant (p<.01p<.01). Univariate analysis indicated a significant interaction (p<.05p<.05) due to Quantitative Comparisons and Problem Conditions for 1 problem type; significant main effects (p<.01p<.01) due to Problem Conditions for the remaining 7 problem types; and a significant (p<.05p<.05) main effect due to Quantitative Comparisons for 1 of the remaining 7 problem types.

Using MYSTAT to Analyze Simple Main Effects in Analysis of Variance

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hudiburg
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects

Research designs with two factors having a significant interaction effect are analyzed for simple main effects using MYSTAT. The coding used performs a series of one-way analyses of variance for each main-effect factor at only one level of the second factor.

Effect of Length of Movement on Linear Arm-Positioning by Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Information Processing Capacity ◽  
Main Effect

15 boys in each of three age groups were tested for ability to reproduce learned linear arm-positioning movements using a slide bar. Movements of 10, 20, and 40 cm were learned without the aid of vision by moving the slide to a stop, then repeated from the same starting position without the stop in place. Analysis of variance yielded a significant main effect of length of movement for both absolute and constant error and also a significant interaction between age and length of movement. The discussion offers explanations based on information-processing capacity and patterns of child development.

Teaching Experience in Recall of Typical and Atypical Protocols

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Michayluk ◽  
Dennis Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Main Effect

First- ( n = 11) and fourth-year education students ( n = 6) and experienced teachers ( n = 6) were asked to read and recall typical and atypical case studies (protocols) to investigate the hypothesis that experienced teachers, because they have superior ability to pattern the information, would recall more of the typical cases than inexperienced subjects. Analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant main effect and a significant interaction, although these effects were not as hypothesized. The results are discussed with reference to previous research on information processing.

Preferred City Size by Ruralists and Urbanites

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl M. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
City Size ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Environmental Rating Scale

30 women rated three specific rural, urban, and metropolitan environments on an Environmental Rating Scale. The scale was a semantic differential having 23 bipolar adjectives. Half of the subjects had lived primarily in an urban area and half in a rural area. The purpose of the study was to determine preferences for the three environments by the two groups. A 2 × 3 analysis of variance yielded a significant interaction which showed that rural residents preferred a rural environment, and urbanites preferred an urban one.

Effects of Type and Relevance of Primes and Delay between Priming and Ratings on Attractiveness

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Brotanek ◽  
Wesley A. Kayson
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
College Men ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Prime Type ◽  
Prime 2 ◽  
Perceived Attractiveness

This study was an attempt to generalize a previous finding on prime effects on perceived attractiveness. After the 80 college men were shown a list of 10 primes and then asked to read a passage about a fictitious female named Victoria, they rated her attractiveness on 5 scales. Primes were either positive or negative. Half of the primes were relevant to attractiveness and half were not. Some subjects rated Victoria right after being primed while others waited 5 min. between priming and rating. A 2 (prime type) × 2 (relevance of prime) × 2 (time) factorial analysis of variance gave a significant interaction between prime type and relevance. Subjects exposed to negative relevant primes rated Victoria more attractive than subjects exposed to negative irrelevant primes. An inhibitory effect of the primes, given the long length of their exposure, seemed to be the basis for these findings.

scholarly journals Efficacy and tolerability of baclofen in a U.S. community population with alcohol use disorder: a dose-response, randomized, controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Garbutt ◽  
Alexei B. Kampov-Polevoy ◽  
Cort Pedersen ◽  
Melissa Stansbury ◽  
Robyn Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Drop Outs ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIdentification of new medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is important for improving treatment options. Baclofen, a GABAB agonist, has been identified as a potential pharmacotherapy for AUD. In a 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated 30 and 90 mg/day of baclofen compared to placebo and examined effects of dose, sex, and level of pretreatment drinking. One hundred and twenty participants with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (age 46.1 (sd = 10.1) years, 51.7% male) were randomized after exclusion for unstable medical/psychiatric illness and/or dependence on drugs other than nicotine. Seventy-three participants completed the trial. A main effect of baclofen was found [%HDD (F(2,112) = 4.16, p = 0.018, d = 0.51 95%CI (0.06–0.95), 13.6 fewer HDD) and %ABST (F(2,112) = 3.68, p = 0.028, d = 0.49 95%CI (0.04–0.93), 12.9 more abstinent days)] and was driven by the 90 mg/day dose. A sex × dose interaction effect was present for both %HDD (F(2,110) = 5.48, p = 0.005) and %ABST (F(2,110) = 3.19, p = 0.045). Men showed a marginally positive effect for 90 mg/day compared to PBO (%HDD t(110) = 1.88, p = 0.063, d = 0.36 95%CI (−0.09–0.80), 15.8 fewer HDD days; %ABST t(110) = 1.68 (p = 0.096, d = 0.32 95%CI (−0.12–0.76), 15.7 more ABST)) with no effect for 30 mg/day. Women showed a positive effect for 30 mg/day (%HDD, t(110) = 3.19, p = 0.002, d = 0.61 95%CI (0.16–1.05), 26.3 fewer HDD days; %ABST t(110) = 2.73, p = 0.007, d = 0.52 95%CI (0.07–0.96), 25.4 more ABST days) with marginal effects for 90 mg/day on %ABST (p = 0.06) with drop-outs/dose reduction from sedative side-effects of 59% in women at 90 mg/day compared to 5% for men. These findings support the hypothesis that baclofen has efficacy in AUD and suggest that dose and sex be further explored as potential moderators of baclofen response and tolerability.

A Controlled Study of Sensation Awareness and Verbal Disclosure for Regulation of Arousal and Anxiety

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Scholle
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Interactions of attention and verbalization were investigated for effects of self-reported arousal and state-anxiety. Levels of verbalization from silence through talking-without-a-listener to disclosure were compared while self-directed attention was manipulated for sensation versus general thoughts and feelings. Following a stimulus, disclosure of sensations was expected to reduce state anxiety and increase energetic arousal significantly more than disclosure of thoughts. Based on a randomly assigned sample of 120 men, a 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction in the predicted directions. A significant interaction was also found for the 3 × 2 interaction for energetic arousal. For state anxiety means were in the predicted direction. Results indicate that verbalization of sensations is more energizing and calming than silence, while for general thought, silence is more energizing and calming than verbalization. The results suggest efficacy in reframing self-talk to quiet awareness and in communicating sensed distinctions as they emerge.

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