Reproductive Effort Affects Immune Response and Parasite Infection in a Lizard: A Phenotypic Manipulation Using Testosterone

Oikos ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Veiga ◽  
Alfredo Salvador ◽  
Santiago Merino ◽  
Marisa Puerta ◽  
Jose P. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Phenotypic Manipulation

scholarly journals Author response: Crucial role for T cell-intrinsic IL-18R-MyD88 signaling in cognate immune response to intracellular parasite infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Carolina Oliveira ◽  
João Francisco Gomes-Neto ◽  
Carlos-Henrique Dantas Barbosa ◽  
Alessandra Granato ◽  
Bernardo S Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Myd88 Signaling

scholarly journals Note: the effect of parasite infection on the innate immune response of European flounder ( Platichthys flesus L.) in the southern North Sea

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Skouras ◽  
Verena Schmidt ◽  
Wolfgang K�rting ◽  
Dieter Steinhagen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
Platichthys Flesus ◽  
European Flounder

scholarly journals Reproductive effort reduces specific immune response and parasite resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 265 (1403) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Nordling ◽  
Måns Andersson ◽  
Siamak Zohari ◽  
Gustafsson Lars
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Parasite Resistance

scholarly journals Pathogen-Derived Oligosaccharides Improve Innate Immune Response to Intracellular Parasite Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Osanya ◽  
Eun-Ho Song ◽  
Kyle Metz ◽  
Raeann M. Shimak ◽  
Paola Mercedes Boggiatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intracellular Parasite

scholarly journals Malnutrition Aggravates Alterations Observed in the Gut Structure and Immune Response of Mice Infected with Leishmania infantum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Felipe Gaitán-Albarracín ◽  
Monica Losada-Barragán ◽  
Nathalia Pinho ◽  
Renata Azevedo ◽  
Jonathan Durães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Chemotactic Factors ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
T Cell Subpopulations ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Malnutrition is a risk factor for developing visceral leishmaniasis and its severe forms. Our group demonstrated that malnourished animals infected with Leishmania infantum had severe atrophies in lymphoid organs and T cell subpopulations as well as altered levels of thymic and splenic chemotactic factors, all of which resulted in dysfunctional lymphoid microenvironments that promoted parasite proliferation. Here, we hypothesize that malnutrition preceding parasite infection leads to structural and immunological changes in the gut mucosae, resulting in a failure in the immune response sensed in the intestine. To evaluate this, we analyzed the immunopathological events resulting from protein malnutrition in the guts of BALB/c mice infected with L. infantum. We observed lymphocytic/lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrates and lymphoid hyperplasia in the duodenum of well-nourished-infected mice; such alterations were worsened when malnutrition preceded infection. Parasite infection induced a significant increase of duodenal immunoglobulin A (IgA) of well-nourished animals, but those levels were significantly decreased in malnourished-infected mice. In addition, increased levels of Th17-related cytokines in duodenums of malnourished animals supported local inflammation. Together, our results suggest that the gut plays a potential role in responses to L. infantum infection—and that such responses are impaired in malnourished individuals.

scholarly journals Clinical and Immunological Features of Human Leishmania (L.) infantum-Infection, Novel Insights Honduras, Central America

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Sosa-Ochoa ◽  
Concepción Zúniga ◽  
Luis Fernando Chaves ◽  
Gabriela Venicia Araujo Flores ◽  
Carmen Maria Sandoval Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Central America ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Human Immune Response ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum is the etiological agent of both American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and non-ulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) in Honduras. Although AVL is the most severe clinical form of infection, recent studies have shown that human immune response to parasite infection can result in a clinical-immunological spectrum. The overall prevalence rate of infection and clinical-immunological profiles of the L. (L.) infantum infection in Amapala municipality, South Honduras was determined. We examined 576 individuals with diagnosis based on combined ELISA (IgG/IgM) and DTH assays. We also used genus-specific kDNA PCR and Hsp70 PCR-RFLP for NUCL cases. Clinical evaluation found 82% asymptomatic and 18% symptomatic individuals. All symptomatic cases (n = 104) showing NUCL were positive for parasites. We identified L. (L.) infantum species in 100% of the skin lesion scrapings and in 90% of the blood samples from NUCL cases studied. A total of 320 asymptomatic individuals were exposed (ELISA+ and/or DTH+), providing an overall L. (L.) infantum prevalence of 73.6%. Clinical, parasitological, and immunological evaluations suggest seven infection profiles, three asymptomatic and four symptomatic. This represents the first report on clinical and immunological features of human L. (L.) infantum-infection in Amapala municipality, Honduras.

scholarly journals Responses of an oyster host (Crassostrea virginica) and its protozoan parasite (Perkinsus marinus) to increasing air temperature

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennafer C. Malek ◽  
James E. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Perkinsus Marinus ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Average Maximum

Background Changes in climate are predicted to influence parasite and pathogen infection patterns in terrestrial and marine environments. Increases in temperature in particular may greatly alter biological processes, such as host-parasite interactions. For example, parasites could differentially benefit from increased reproduction and transmission or hosts could benefit from elevated immune responses that may mediate or even eliminate infections. In the southeastern United States, the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is infected by the lethal protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus. Under field conditions, intertidal (air-exposed) oysters have been found to have significantly higher P. marinus infection intensity and marginally higher infection prevalence than subtidal (submerged) oysters. During summer, air temperatures are much warmer than water and this exposure of intertidal oysters to higher temperatures is a suggested mechanism for increased infection intensity. Methods We simulated intertidal exposure using controlled laboratory experiments to determine how host traits (survival and immune response) and parasite infection intensity will respond to elevated air temperature ranging from 27 °C to 53 °C during emersion at low tide. In Georgia, where our work was conducted, the average summer water temperature is 29 °C and the average maximum high air temperature in July is 33 °C (though oysters have been shown to survive at much higher air temperatures). Results Host survival declined as temperature increased, with a definitive drop-off between 39–43 °C. Negative effects of air temperature on host immune response (phagocytic activity) were detectable only at extremely high temperatures (47–50 °C) when hosts were suffering acute mortality. Parasite infection intensity peaked at 35 °C. Discussion Our results suggest that an increase in average summer air temperature to 35 °C or higher could affect oyster survival directly through temperature-related impacts in the short-term and indirectly through increased P. marinus infection intensity over the long-term.

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