A rare disease with pregnancy: Castleman case report

Castleman’s disease was first described by Castleman et al. in 1956 as a non-lymphoproliferative disease. Castleman’s disease (CD), or angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia, is a rare disease with unknown etiology that can be easily misdiagnosed as lymphoma, neoplasm, or infection. Very few cases of pelvic origin and observed in pregnancy have been reported in the literature and are usually asymptomatic. Preoperative diagnosis is very difficult due to nonspecific imaging findings and rarity; most cases are diagnosed based on postoperative pathological examination. In this paper, a case of a 36-year-old pregnant woman suspected of adnexal origin in the uterine posterolateral, which was detected incidentally by ultrasound, was presented. The patient underwent a successful mass excision. Pathology of mass observed to be in the pelvic retroperitoneum was detected as localized unicentric and hyaline vascular CD. The study was conducted to discuss the diagnostic tools and perioperative management needed to identify the retroperitoneal unicentric Castleman case

A nodular type of mantle cell lymphoma in the nasopharynx

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma derived from CD5-positive antigen-naïve pre-germinal center B-cells within the mantle zone that surrounds normal germinal center follicles. MCL comprises approximately 5 to 10% of all lymphomas. Tonsil is the most common location of MCL in the head and neck region, followed by the nasopharynx. Primary MCL involving the nasopharynx is extremely rare. Its clinical course is very aggressive with frequent relapses after conventional chemotherapy. It always presents as a protruding mass on the mucosal lining of the pharyngeal cavity. Here, we report a new nodular type of MCL in the nasopharynx. Endoscopically, this case showed multiple nodular lesions of primary MCL on the nasopharyngeal mucosa. This unique finding has not been reported yet in the English literature. These lesions should be differentiated from simple pharyngeal infections or benign lymphoid hyperplasia in the nasopharynx.

Imaging Manifestations of Intrahepatic Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia: A Case Report and Literature Review

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the liver is a rare benign disease. This article describes a 77-year-old female patient with RLH of the liver. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to atrial fibrillation. A liver tumor was incidentally found during abdominal enhanced CT. Further magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET/CT showed four lesions in the liver. The imaging findings suggested hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it was not consistent that the patient had no history of liver cirrhosis and hepatitis, and a variety of tumor markers were within the normal range. The largest lesion was surgically removed and microscopically diagnosed as RLH of the liver. The pathology included a large number of reactive hyperplastic lymphoid follicles. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the infiltrating lymphocytes were polyclonal. The authors believe that the perinodular enhancement on MRI, the obvious limitation of diffusion on DWI, the insignificant increase of SUVmax on PET-CT delayed phase, and the support of clinical data can help distinguish liver RLH from lymphoma and HCC.

PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH SWINE PNEUMONIAS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

Pneumonia is a major economic threat to swine industry worldwide, however, there is still dearth of information on the pathology and associated pathogens in Nigeria, and these were therefore investigated. Lungs from 408 slaughtered pigs were randomly collected from abattoirs in Abeokuta, Ibadan and Lagos. The lung samples were cultured for bacterial pathogens using standard techniques, while formalin-fixed tissues were processed for histopathological examination. Grossly, the most consistent lesion was bronchopneumonia (35.3%). The main histopathological findings were lymphoid hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) (88.2%), suppurative bronchopneumonia (63.6%), suppurative bronchitis and bronchiolitis with concurrent epithelial hyperplasia (57.1%), as well as thickened alveolar septa due to cellular infiltration consisting predominantly of neutrophils (54.1%). Ten different species of bacteria were isolated from the lung samples in which two or more pathogens were isolated from each sample (82.7%). Pasteurella multocida was the most frequently isolated bacterium (54.8%). Among the bacteria isolated, there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the frequencies of isolation of β-haemolytic Streptococci, P. multocida, Haemophilus species and Escherichia coli between the pneumonic lungs and apparently normal lungs. The results of bacterial culture, gross and histopathological changes recorded in this study are consistent with bacterial pneumonia possibly caused by most of the bacteria identified in the present study.

The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Mild-moderate (MEA), severe (SEA) equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are common respiratory disorders in horses. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of these conditions. Three hundred and three horses were included and divided into SEA, MEA and MEA + EIPH groups, on the basis of history, clinical examination and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology; scores were assigned to lung ultrasonography, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH), tracheal mucus (TM) and tracheal bifurcation edema (TB). These scores were compared between groups, and their associations with age, BALf cytology, tracheal wash microbiology and between endoscopic and ultrasonographic scores were statistically analyzed. Ultrasonographic scores were higher in the SEA and MEA + EIPH groups and associated with increased BALf neutrophils and hemosiderophages. The PLH score was higher in younger horses affected by MEA and EIPH and associated with increased eosinophils and hemosiderophages. TM and TB scores were greater in older horses affected by SEA, associated with increased neutrophils and inversely correlated with hemosiderophages. Moreover, TM grade was negatively correlated with mast cells. Thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy can provide useful information about the inflammatory status of upper and lower airways in the horse.