Genetic Manipulation of Isoflavone 7-O-Methyltransferase Enhances Biosynthesis of 4'-O-Methylated Isoflavonoid Phytoalexins and Disease Resistance in Alfalfa

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Zhi He ◽  
Richard A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Manipulation

scholarly journals Genetic Manipulation of Plants to Improve Postharvest Disease Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 762-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Mount ◽  
Phyllis M. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Postharvest Disease

scholarly journals Genome editing for disease resistance in livestock

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Proudfoot ◽  
Christine Burkard
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Disease Resistant

One of the major burdens on the livestock industry is loss of animals and decrease in production efficiency due to disease. Advances in sequencing technology and genome-editing techniques provide the unique opportunity to generate animals with improved traits. In this review we discuss the techniques currently applied to genetic manipulation of livestock species and the efforts in making animals disease resistant or resilient.

Genetic Manipulation of Terpenoid Phytoalexins in Gossypium: Effects of Disease Resistance

1994 ◽  
pp. 231-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois A. Bell ◽  
Robert D. Stipanovic ◽  
Marshall E. Mace ◽  
Russell J. Kohel
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Manipulation

scholarly journals Citrus Genetic Engineering for Disease Resistance: Past, Present and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Sun ◽  
Nasrullah ◽  
Fuzhi Ke ◽  
Zhenpeng Nie ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Citrus Varieties ◽  
Citrus Disease

Worldwide, citrus is one of the most important fruit crops and is grown in more than 130 countries, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. The healthy progress of the citrus industry has been seriously affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Several diseases, such as canker and huanglongbing, etc., rigorously affect citrus plant growth, fruit quality, and yield. Genetic engineering technologies, such as genetic transformation and genome editing, represent successful and attractive approaches for developing disease-resistant crops. These genetic engineering technologies have been widely used to develop citrus disease-resistant varieties against canker, huanglongbing, and many other fungal and viral diseases. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based systems have made genome editing an indispensable genetic manipulation tool that has been applied to many crops, including citrus. The improved CRISPR systems, such as CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 systems, can provide a promising new corridor for generating citrus varieties that are resistant to different pathogens. The advances in biotechnological tools and the complete genome sequence of several citrus species will undoubtedly improve the breeding for citrus disease resistance with a much greater degree of precision. Here, we attempt to summarize the recent successful progress that has been achieved in the effective application of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies to obtain citrus disease-resistant (bacterial, fungal, and virus) crops. Furthermore, we also discuss the opportunities and challenges of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies for citrus disease resistance.

Metabolic engineering of CHO cells to prepare glycoproteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Michael J. Betenbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Effector Functions ◽  
Recombinant Glycoproteins ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations

As a complex and common post-translational modification, N-linked glycosylation affects a recombinant glycoprotein's biological activity and efficacy. For example, the α1,6-fucosylation significantly affects antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and α2,6-sialylation is critical for antibody anti-inflammatory activity. Terminal sialylation is important for a glycoprotein's circulatory half-life. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are currently the predominant recombinant protein production platform, and, in this review, the characteristics of CHO glycosylation are summarized. Moreover, recent and current metabolic engineering strategies for tailoring glycoprotein fucosylation and sialylation in CHO cells, intensely investigated in the past decades, are described. One approach for reducing α1,6-fucosylation is through inhibiting fucosyltransferase (FUT8) expression by knockdown and knockout methods. Another approach to modulate fucosylation is through inhibition of multiple genes in the fucosylation biosynthesis pathway or through chemical inhibitors. To modulate antibody sialylation of the fragment crystallizable region, expressions of sialyltransferase and galactotransferase individually or together with amino acid mutations can affect antibody glycoforms and further influence antibody effector functions. The inhibition of sialidase expression and chemical supplementations are also effective and complementary approaches to improve the sialylation levels on recombinant glycoproteins. The engineering of CHO cells or protein sequence to control glycoforms to produce more homogenous glycans is an emerging topic. For modulating the glycosylation metabolic pathways, the interplay of multiple glyco-gene knockouts and knockins and the combination of multiple approaches, including genetic manipulation, protein engineering and chemical supplementation, are detailed in order to achieve specific glycan profiles on recombinant glycoproteins for superior biological function and effectiveness.

Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis: A Mini Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Pavithra D ◽  
Praveen D ◽  
Vijey Aanandhi M
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Deep Infection ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Serious Adverse Event ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Individual

Agranulocytosis is also known to be granulopenia, causing neutropenia in circulating blood streams .The destruction of white blood cells takes place which leads to increase in the infection rate in an individual where immune system of the individual is suppressed. The symptoms includes fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers. These are commonly seen as adverse effects of a particular drug and are prescribed for the common diagnostic test for regular monitoring of complete blood count in an admitted patient. Drug-induced agranulocytosis remains a serious adverse event due to occurrence of severe sepsis with deep infection leading to pneumonia, septicaemia, and septic shock in two/third of the patient. Antibiotics seem to be the major causative weapon for this disorder. Certain drugs mainly anti-thyroid drugs, ticlopidine hydrochloride, spironolactone, clozapine, antileptic drugs (clozapine), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, dipyrone are the potential causes. Bone marrow insufficiency followed by destruction or limited proliferative bone marrow destruction takes place. Chemotherapy is rarely seen as a causative agent for this disorder. Genetic manipulation may also include as one of the reason. Agranulocytosis can be recovered within two weeks but the mortality and morbidity rate during the acute phase seems to be high, appropriate adjuvant treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics are prerequisites for the management of complicated neutropenia. Drugs that are treated for this are expected to change as a resistant drug to the patient. The pathogenesis of agranulocytosis is not yet known. A comprehensive literature search has been carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar and articles pertaining to drug-induced agranulocytosis were selected for review.

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