scholarly journals Citrus Genetic Engineering for Disease Resistance: Past, Present and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Sun ◽  
Nasrullah ◽  
Fuzhi Ke ◽  
Zhenpeng Nie ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Citrus Varieties ◽  
Citrus Disease

Worldwide, citrus is one of the most important fruit crops and is grown in more than 130 countries, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. The healthy progress of the citrus industry has been seriously affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Several diseases, such as canker and huanglongbing, etc., rigorously affect citrus plant growth, fruit quality, and yield. Genetic engineering technologies, such as genetic transformation and genome editing, represent successful and attractive approaches for developing disease-resistant crops. These genetic engineering technologies have been widely used to develop citrus disease-resistant varieties against canker, huanglongbing, and many other fungal and viral diseases. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based systems have made genome editing an indispensable genetic manipulation tool that has been applied to many crops, including citrus. The improved CRISPR systems, such as CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 systems, can provide a promising new corridor for generating citrus varieties that are resistant to different pathogens. The advances in biotechnological tools and the complete genome sequence of several citrus species will undoubtedly improve the breeding for citrus disease resistance with a much greater degree of precision. Here, we attempt to summarize the recent successful progress that has been achieved in the effective application of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies to obtain citrus disease-resistant (bacterial, fungal, and virus) crops. Furthermore, we also discuss the opportunities and challenges of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies for citrus disease resistance.

scholarly journals Genome editing for disease resistance in livestock

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Proudfoot ◽  
Christine Burkard
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Disease Resistant

One of the major burdens on the livestock industry is loss of animals and decrease in production efficiency due to disease. Advances in sequencing technology and genome-editing techniques provide the unique opportunity to generate animals with improved traits. In this review we discuss the techniques currently applied to genetic manipulation of livestock species and the efforts in making animals disease resistant or resilient.

CRISPR Crops: Plant Genome Editing Toward Disease Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Langner ◽  
Sophien Kamoun ◽  
Khaoula Belhaj
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

Genome editing by sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) has revolutionized biology by enabling targeted modifications of genomes. Although routine plant genome editing emerged only a few years ago, we are already witnessing the first applications to improve disease resistance. In particular, CRISPR-Cas9 has democratized the use of genome editing in plants thanks to the ease and robustness of this method. Here, we review the recent developments in plant genome editing and its application to enhancing disease resistance against plant pathogens. In the future, bioedited disease resistant crops will become a standard tool in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Genetic Modification for Wheat Improvement: From Transgenesis to Genome Editing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Borisjuk ◽  
Olena Kishchenko ◽  
Serik Eliby ◽  
Carly Schramm ◽  
Peter Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Gene Structure And Expression ◽  
Tools And Techniques

To feed the growing human population, global wheat yields should increase to approximately 5 tonnes per ha from the current 3.3 tonnes by 2050. To reach this goal, existing breeding practices must be complemented with new techniques built upon recent gains from wheat genome sequencing, and the accumulated knowledge of genetic determinants underlying the agricultural traits responsible for crop yield and quality. In this review we primarily focus on the tools and techniques available for accessing gene functions which lead to clear phenotypes in wheat. We provide a view of the development of wheat transformation techniques from a historical perspective, and summarize how techniques have been adapted to obtain gain-of-function phenotypes by gene overexpression, loss-of-function phenotypes by expressing antisense RNAs (RNA interference or RNAi), and most recently the manipulation of gene structure and expression using site-specific nucleases, such as CRISPR/Cas9, for genome editing. The review summarizes recent successes in the application of wheat genetic manipulation to increase yield, improve nutritional and health-promoting qualities in wheat, and enhance the crop’s resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals An Overview of Rice QTLs Associated with Disease Resistance to Three Major Rice Diseases: Blast, Sheath Blight, and Bacterial Panicle Blight

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Soheila Zarbafi ◽  
Jong Hyun Ham
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Panicle Blight

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops that are produced as human food, directly feeding people more than any other crop. Hence, it is important to increase the yield potential of rice through improving the disease resistance to prevailing rice diseases. Blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, sheath blight caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, and bacterial panicle blight caused by the bacteria Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli are serious rice diseases in many rice-producing regions. In spite of the chronic damages from these major diseases, the quantitative resistance to each of them is not known very well and any available disease-resistant varieties are rare or not stable. Although gene-for-gene resistance that is mediated by an R-Avr interaction has been intensively studied for blast, quantitative (or horizontal) resistance to a broad spectrum of races in M. oryzae is still poorly understood. Identification of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to these diseases and using marker technology can facilitate marker-assisted selection to screen resistant traits in individual resources, which could ultimately lead to the development of novel disease-resistant rice varieties. This article is a summary of identified QTLs that are associated with rice diseases, including blast, sheath blight, and bacterial panicle blight that can be used in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Extending CRISPR-Cas9 Technology from Genome Editing to Transcriptional Engineering in the Genus Clostridium

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (20) ◽  
pp. 6109-6119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Bruder ◽  
Michael E. Pyne ◽  
Murray Moo-Young ◽  
Duane A. Chung ◽  
C. Perry Chou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Clostridium Acetobutylicum ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clostridium Pasteurianum ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe discovery and exploitation of the prokaryotic adaptive immunity system based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins have revolutionized genetic engineering. CRISPR-Cas tools have enabled extensive genome editing as well as efficient modulation of the transcriptional program in a multitude of organisms. Progress in the development of genetic engineering tools for the genusClostridiumhas lagged behind that of many other prokaryotes, presenting the CRISPR-Cas technology an opportunity to resolve a long-existing issue. Here, we applied theStreptococcus pyogenestype II CRISPR-Cas9 (SpCRISPR-Cas9) system for genome editing inClostridium acetobutylicumDSM792. We further explored the utility of the SpCRISPR-Cas9 machinery for gene-specific transcriptional repression. For proof-of-concept demonstration, a plasmid-encoded fluorescent protein gene was used for transcriptional repression inC. acetobutylicum. Subsequently, we targeted the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) system ofC. acetobutylicumthrough transcriptional repression of thehprKgene encoding HPr kinase/phosphorylase, leading to the coutilization of glucose and xylose, which are two abundant carbon sources from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Similar approaches based on SpCRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing and transcriptional repression were also demonstrated inClostridium pasteurianumATCC 6013. As such, this work lays a foundation for the derivation of clostridial strains for industrial purposes.IMPORTANCEAfter recognizing the industrial potential ofClostridiumfor decades, methods for the genetic manipulation of these anaerobic bacteria are still underdeveloped. This study reports the implementation of CRISPR-Cas technology for genome editing and transcriptional regulation inClostridium acetobutylicum, which is arguably the most common industrial clostridial strain. The developed genetic tools enable simpler, more reliable, and more extensive derivation ofC. acetobutylicummutant strains for industrial purposes. Similar approaches were also demonstrated inClostridium pasteurianum, another clostridial strain that is capable of utilizing glycerol as the carbon source for butanol fermentation, and therefore can be arguably applied in other clostridial strains.

scholarly journals Recent advances in developing disease resistance in plants

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Jeffrey B. Jones ◽  
Frank F. White
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Genetic Techniques

Approaches to manipulating disease resistance in plants is expanding exponentially due to advances in our understanding of plant defense mechanisms and new tools for manipulating the plant genome. The application of effective strategies is only limited now by adoption of rapid classical genetic techniques and the acceptance of genetically engineered traits for some problems. The use of genome editing and cis-genetics, where possible, may facilitate applications that otherwise require considerable time or genetic engineering, depending on settling legal definitions of the products. Nonetheless, the variety of approaches to developing disease resistance has never been greater.

scholarly journals Citizen views on genome editing: effects of species and purpose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Busch ◽  
Erin Ryan ◽  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
Daniel M. Weary
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Public Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us

AbstractPublic opinion can affect the adoption of genome editing technologies. In food production, genome editing can be applied to a wide range of applications, in different species and with different purposes. This study analyzed how the public responds to five different applications of genome editing, varying the species involved and the proposed purpose of the modification. Three of the applications described the introduction of disease resistance within different species (human, plant, animal), and two targeted product quality and quantity in cattle. Online surveys in Canada, the US, Austria, Germany and Italy were carried out with a total sample size of 3698 participants. Using a between-subject design, participants were confronted with one of the five applications and asked to decide whether they considered it right or wrong. Perceived risks, benefits, and the perception of the technology as tampering with nature were surveyed and were complemented with socio-demographics and a measure of the participants’ moral foundations. In all countries, participants evaluated the application of disease resistance in humans as most right to do, followed by disease resistance in plants, and then in animals, and considered changes in product quality and quantity in cattle as least right to do. However, US and Italian participants were generally more positive toward all scenarios, and German and Austrian participants more negative. Cluster analyses identified four groups of participants: ‘strong supporters’ who saw only benefits and little risks, ‘slight supporters’ who perceived risks and valued benefits, ‘neutrals’ who showed no pronounced opinion, and ‘opponents’ who perceived higher risks and lower benefits. This research contributes to understanding public response to applications of genome editing, revealing differences that can help guide decisions related to adoption of these technologies.

Genome Editing to Develop Disease Resistance in Crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-252
Author(s):  
Kashaf Zafar ◽  
Azka Noureen ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Akbar Awan ◽  
Naveed Anjum ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Editing

scholarly journals Using of Genome Editing Methods in Plant Breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venera S. Kamburova ◽  
Ilkhom B. Salakhutdinov ◽  
Shukhrat E. Shermatov ◽  
Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Crop Resistance ◽  
Time Required ◽  
New Crop

The main task of plant breeding is creating of high-yield, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses crop varieties with high product quality. The using of traditional breeding methods is limited by the duration of the new crop varieties creation with the required agronomic traits. This depends not only on the duration of growing season and reaching of mature stage of plants (especially the long-period growth plants, e.g. trees), as well as is associated with applying of multiple stages of crossing, selection and testing in breeding process. In addition, conventional methods of chemical and physical mutagenesis do not allow targeting effect to genome. However, the introduction of modern DNA-technology methods, such as genome editing, has opened in a new era in plant breeding. These methods allow to carry out precise and efficient targeted genome modifications, significantly reducing the time required to get plants with desirable features to create new crop varieties in perspective. This review provides the knowledge about application of genome editing methods to increase crop yields and product quality, as well as crop resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, future prospects for integrating these technologies into crop breeding strategies are also discussed.

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