The Franciscans in Colonial Chile

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Howard F. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Comparable Period

The 400th anniversary of the entrance into Chile of the Order of Friars Minor, the Franciscans, is appropriately being commemorated by our presence here tonight. I am honored to have been asked to state briefly for you some of the highlights of their activities in that land during the colonial era.It is a relatively unpublicized story, but one worthy of retelling by those better equipped for the task than I am. Coming from the field of Mexican studies, where in a comparable period one finds rich and extensive resources portraying the important role played by the Franciscans in New Spain, I was immediately impressed on looking into the Chilean matter that there are relatively few materials readily available even to reconstruct the narrative of the Franciscans in Chile. To fill that gap would be a very worthy project. One conclusion which grew out of these brief researches is that the role which Franciscans played in colonial Chile, especially in the sixteenth century, was perhaps a major one, and should be more widely known. In the short time at my disposal here, I can but hint at the outlines, revealed in printed works locally accessible. I ask your indulgence for what undoubtedly may turn out on further investigation to be major omissions.

Empathy, Patients’ Needs, and Therapeutic Innovation in the Medical Literature of Early Viceregal Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Yarí Pérez Marín
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Scientific Debates

Agustín Farfán’s Tractado breve de anothomia y chirvgia (1579) stands out as one of the most widely read medical texts of sixteenth-century colonial Mexico, printed more times than any other local source on health and the body during the period. Despite its popularity then, it has not received as much attention from scholars as projects by other medical authors of the colonial era who either wrote before Farfán did, or were better positioned in European circles, or whose work is seen as having tapped into cutting-edge scientific debates. This chapter proposes a new entry point into the Tractado, highlighting its singular connection with the readers of New Spain, and taking as a point of departure the revisions between the first and second editions: a series of context-driven changes that reveal shifting attitudes toward patients’ needs and indigenous medical knowledge.

scholarly journals Lengua de los indios, lengua española:Religious Conversion and the Languages of New Spain, ca. 1520–1585

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-723
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Wasserman-Soler
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Religious Landscape ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines the language policies of sixteenth-century Mexico, aiming more generally to illuminate efforts by Mexican bishops to foster conversions to Christianity. At various points throughout the colonial era, the Spanish Crown and the Catholic Church propagated the use of Castilian among Amerindians; leaders of these institutions, however, also encouraged priests to study indigenous languages. That Spanish authorities appear to have never settled on a firm language policy has puzzled modern scholars, who have viewed the Crown and its churchmen as vacillating between “pro-indigenous” and “pro-Castilian” sentiments. This article suggests, however, that Mexico's bishops intentionally extended simultaneous support to both indigenous languages and Castilian. Church and Crown officials tended to avoid firm ideological commitments to one language; instead they made practical decisions, concluding that different contexts called for distinct languages. An examination of the decisions made by leading churchmen offers insight into how they helped to create a Spanish-American religious landscape in which both indigenous and Spanish elements co-existed.

Theologies of Guadalupe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Matovina
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Our Lady Of Guadalupe ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Mexican History ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Phenomenon

Our Lady of Guadalupe is the only Marian apparition tradition in the Americas—and indeed in all of Roman Catholicism—that inspired a sustained series of published theological analyses. Theologians in each successive epoch since the mid-seventeenth century have plumbed the meaning of Guadalupe for their times. Their theological works are grounded in two realities: the first is the relationship between Guadalupe and her faithful, and the second is her power to shape their lives and their world. Theologies of Guadalupe examines the way theologians have understood Guadalupe and sought to orient her impact in the lives of her devotees. It also examines Guadalupe’s meaning in everyday devotees’ lives and the spread of Guadalupan devotion over nearly half a millennium. Chapters of this study successively examine core theological topics in the Guadalupe tradition developed in response to major events of Mexican history: conquest, attempts to Christianize native peoples, society building, independence, and the demands for justice of marginalized groups. The successive chapters also narrate how, amid the plentiful miraculous images of Christ, Mary, and the saints that dotted the sacred landscape of colonial New Spain, the Guadalupe cult rose above all others and emerged from a local devotion to become a regional, national, and then international phenomenon. From patristic-based theological writings in the colonial era down to contemporary formulations shaped by the emergence of liberation theologies in Latin America, the theologies under study here reveal how Christian concepts and scriptures imported from Europe developed in dynamic interaction with the new contexts in which they took root.

An English Library at Trinidad, 1633

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Eleanor B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
West Indian ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
El Dorado ◽  
Short Time

The island of Trinidad was discovered by Columbus on the third voyage in 1498. One of the largest and most fertile of the West Indian islands, for many years it remained on the fringe of European activity in the Caribbean area and on the coasts of Venezuela and Guiana. A Spanish settlement was founded there in 1532, but apparently it disintegrated within a short time. Toward the end of the sixteenth century Berrio and Raleigh fought for possession of the island, but chiefly as a convenient base for their rival search for El Dorado, or Manoa, the Golden Man and the mythical city of gold. Throughout the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries explorers, corsairs, and contraband traders, Spanish, French, English, and Dutch, passed near its shores, and many of them may well have paused there to refresh themselves and to make necessary repairs to their vessels. But the records are scanty and we know little of such events or of the settlements that existed from time to time.

Opposition to the Third Mexican Council

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-149
Author(s):  
Stafford Poole
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
The Third ◽  
Civil Authority

The study of the opposition to the Third Mexican Council of 1585 provides a fascinating picture, not only of the determined efforts to undo the work of the most important ecclesiastical meeting of colonial New Spain but also of the various hostilities and animosities, intrigues and rivalries, that were at work in New Spain toward the end of the sixteenth century In the Third Council, the bickering of secular and religious priests, the opposition of bishops to the exorbitant privileges of the religious orders, the encroachments of the civil authority into the domain of the ecclesiastical, and the determination of clerics to defend their privileges and jurisdiction, all converged on the questions of (1) should the Council be permitted to publish its decrees and (2), once published, could they be put into execution?

Epilogue, as Prologue

2018 ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Matthew D. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
The Past

This concluding chapter looks at the discovery of a perplexing set of documents created in New Spain. Referred to as títulos primordiales, or primordial titles, the sources described the founding of Indigenous communities in the aftermath of the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century. The títulos resonate strongly with other colonial documents of futuremaking and the shared ways of relating to time surveyed throughout this book. The Indigenous authors of the primordial titles engaged in a radical act of situating themselves in time: they marshaled the resources of the past, the resources of memory, and the resources of tradition to achieve goals in the present and craft diverse futures. Sometimes they presented their assembled resources as a narrative of the sixteenth-century present, at other times in the form of history or chronicle.

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