Inigo Jones's Site Organization at St. Paul's Cathedral: "Ponderous Masses Beheld Hanging in the Air"

1994 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-427
Author(s):  
Vaughan Hart
Keyword(s):  
Complex Task ◽  
Renaissance Architecture ◽  
The Way

In studies of Renaissance architecture, little attention is normally given to the organization of building sites and to the way in which the practicalities of mechanics and material supplies influenced the finished works. This article describes Inigo Jones's site organization at St. Paul's Cathedral where, during the 1630s, he undertook the large and complex task of refacing the existing Gothic structure. Here practical site constraints influenced Jones's design at least as much as theoretical objectives. This study throws light on Jones's relationship with his assistant, John Webb, who oversaw much of the day-to-day work, and illustrates such details as Jones's use of craftsmen to make and amend models in perfecting his designs on-site. In this article the work's accounts are studied in order to reinterpret the few known surviving working drawings and contemporary views that record one of Jones's most important achievements.

scholarly journals Towards Artificial Argumentation

AI Magazine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Atkinson ◽  
Pietro Baroni ◽  
Massimiliano Giacomin ◽  
Anthony Hunter ◽  
Henry Prakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Research ◽  
Inconsistent Information ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Way

The field of computational models of argument is emerging as an important aspect of artificial intelligence research. The reason for this is based on the recognition that if we are to develop robust intelligent systems, then it is imperative that they can handle incomplete and inconsistent information in a way that somehow emulates the way humans tackle such a complex task. And one of the key ways that humans do this is to use argumentation either internally, by evaluating arguments and counterarguments‚ or externally, by for instance entering into a discussion or debate where arguments are exchanged. As we report in this review, recent developments in the field are leading to technology for artificial argumentation, in the legal, medical, and e-government domains, and interesting tools for argument mining, for debating technologies, and for argumentation solvers are emerging.

scholarly journals Withered Peach Blossoms —— A Discussion for the Phenomenon of a Poor Sense of Copyright in Chinese Youth Netizens and the Suggestion Contents

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Education System ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Market System ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

This proposal expresses a standpoint concerning a discussion for the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens and the suggestion. The phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens has disadvantages. By analyzing it, a clear status of Chinese youth netizens' problems on the poor sense of copyright will be shown. At the same time, when we consider a discussion for the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens and the suggestion, we must address several main reasons that contribute to problem. These include cultural tradition restriction, incomprehensive market system, inappropriate price incentive, imperfective legal institutions and indifference education system. It is valuable for the originators feel free to create better works. Meanwhile, those factors are essential for Chinese youth netizens to consider the way to be cultivated the right spending habits. Only by analyzing all these factors together and then using these results to apply to intensity notional cultural competitiveness and form an innovative market. This paper is organized as follows: The first part will outline the poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens' case studies and analyze. The second part is an introduction of the problems of the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens. The reasons causing the problems are analyzed in part three. Some proposals to overcome copyright problem will be advocated in last part. This study found that enhancing copyright awareness is a very complex task for Chinese youth netizens. Cultural tradition restriction, incomprehensive market system, inappropriate price incentive, imperfective legal institutions and indifference education system are all factors which bring difficulties to promote copyright awareness in Chinese youth netizens. Combined those factors with four problems of the phenomenon in China, I offer appropriate suggestions to overcome problems and help youth netizens acquire the knowledge of copyright.

scholarly journals Breaking the Paradox: Understanding How Teams Create Developmental Space

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Derksen ◽  
Robert J. Blomme ◽  
Léon de Caluwé ◽  
Joyce Rupert ◽  
Robert Jan Simons
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Team Success ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

Past research shows that teams working on a complex task need developmental space to be successful. They can create this space in their interaction by undertaking four activities: creating future, reflecting, organizing, and dialoguing. These four activities refer to two orientations: the performance orientation, limiting the space, and the sensemaking orientation, opening up the space. Teams need them both, yet it seems inconsistent and impossible to achieve together, thus a paradox. In this exploratory research, we address the way in which teams experience and handle that “developmental space paradox,” and how it affects team success. Individual team members ( N = 70) from 12 teams were interviewed. Successful ( n = 7) and unsuccessful ( n = 5) teams were compared. The results show that successful teams experience this paradox differently than the unsuccessful teams, and that both categories choose other coping strategies to handle this paradox.

scholarly journals Mathematics and the Islamic Architecture of Córdoba

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Felix Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Renaissance Architecture ◽  
The Way

In 10th-century Córdoba, mathematics—and particularly geometry—was applied to architectural design in new ways, constituting a “mathematical turn” of Islamic architecture. In the mosque of Córdoba and in the palaces of Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ, geometry was employed in the design of ground plans, elevations, decorative patterns, and even to measure the human view. While Roman architects like Vitruvius had used mathematics to place each element of a building in its appropriate relation to all other elements of a building, the architects at Córdoba employed geometry to create a spatial web in which all parts are equal to each other and part of a single, unified space. The architects of Córdoba thus pointed the way to new possibilities of designing architecture, possibilities which were to be tested further by architects of Gothic and Renaissance architecture, though to different ends.

scholarly journals L’Ombudsman face aux défis de l’évaluation : est-il possible d’évaluer l’intangible?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Affodegon ◽  
Steve Jacob ◽  
Éric Montigny
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Knowledge Synthesis ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Evaluation Models ◽  
The Way

L’évaluation de la performance de l’Ombudsman est complexe en raison d’une mission de nature procédurale et de caractéristiques spécifiques aux organ-ismes de protection des droits. Cet article offre une synthèse des connaissances de la mesure de sa performance et ouvre la voie à de nouvelles réflexions tant théor-iques que pratiques. En plus de présenter les forces et les faiblesses des différents modèles d’évaluation recensés dans la littérature, cette étude précise la raison d’être de l’Ombudsman ainsi que les finalités de son évaluation. Cet article formule les prémisses d’une évaluation intégrée de la gestion de l’Ombudsman parlementaire.Owing to its procedural mission and the specific characteristics of rights protection organizations, the evaluation of an Ombudsman’s performance is a complex task. This article presents a knowledge synthesis of performance measure-ment for Ombudsman’s Offices and opens the way to new reflections that are both theoretical and practical. In addition to presenting the strengths and weaknesses of the various evaluation models identified in the literature, this study clarifies the purpose of the Ombudsman and the purposes for which it is evaluated. Finally, this article formulates propositions for an integrated assessment of the management of the Parliamentary Ombudsman.

scholarly journals Los nombres de Vasconia y de las provincias vascas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Zabaltza
Keyword(s):  
Complex Task ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Historical Levels ◽  
Evolution Of Meaning ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

RESUMEN En este artículo se analizan las denominaciones de Vasconia y sus siete provincias, una labor compleja debido a la ausencia de una entidad política duradera que las abarcara a todas. Usando una metodología más histórica que filológica, se explican brevemente su origen y la evolución de su significado a lo largo de los tiempos y se da para cada una de ellas una etimología verosímil y otras, que sin serlo, han conocido cierto éxito. El objetivo final ha sido intentar acabar con vacilaciones en una cuestión que, por sus implicaciones, supera los planos meramente lingüístico e histórico y preparar el camino para un Diccionario de los nombres de los pueblos de Vasconia. LABURPENA Artikulu honetan Euskal Herriaren eta haren zazpi probintzien izenak dira aztergai. Lan nahasia da, ez baita inoiz denak bildu dituen entitate politiko iraunkorrik izan. Gehiago metodologia historikoa erabiliz filologikoa baino, haien jatorria eta haien esanahiak denboran zehar izaniko bilakaera azaltzen dira laburki eta haietako bakoitzarendako etimologia sinesgarri bat ematen da, baita, sinesgaitzak izanik, arraskatsuak izan diren beste batzuk ere. Azken helburua duda-mudekin bukatzen saiatzea izan da. Izan ere, afera honek, dituen ondorioengatik, maila linguistikoa eta historikoa gainditzen ditu. Horrez gain, Euskal Herriko herrien izenen hiztegi baterako bidea urratu nahi izan da. ABSTRACT This paper analyses the names for Basqueland and its seven provinces, a complex task due to the absence of a lasting political entity that would incorporate them all. Using historical rather than philological methodology, their origin and evolution of meaning over time are briefly explained and a plausible etymology is given for each, as well as other etymologies that, without being so, have been partly successful. The ultimate goal has been to try to end confusion in a matter that, due to its implications, goes beyond mere linguistic and historical levels, and to pave the way for A Dictionary of Town Names in Basqueland.

scholarly journals Ontogenesis: A Phenomenon and a Process (On the Problem of the Evolution of Ontogenesis)

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. F. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Evolution Problem ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Way

An unconventional approach to the study and analysis of ontogenesis, based on the duality of its nature is proposed: in the first case this is a phenomenon, in second case it is a process. As a phenomenon, ontogenesis covers all manifestations of living, providing the continuity of life on all the levels of its organization, ensures lifespan of a species, regardless of the individual‘s life, and thus the dynamic stability of the cycle of matter and energy flows, the evolution cycles, the biosphere and life in general. As a process it is the implementation of ontogenesis by the way of successive morphogeneses. There is a gap between these components of ontogenesis (the phenomenon and the process) that must be filled out. This is a complex task in the scope of the ontogenesis evolution problem (making the theory of ontogenesis).

Self-sacrifice for in-group's history: A diachronic perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Babińska ◽  
Michal Bilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Reciprocal Process ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe problem of extended fusion and identification can be approached from a diachronic perspective. Based on our own research, as well as findings from the fields of social, political, and clinical psychology, we argue that the way contemporary emotional events shape local fusion is similar to the way in which historical experiences shape extended fusion. We propose a reciprocal process in which historical events shape contemporary identities, whereas contemporary identities shape interpretations of past traumas.

What is the purpose of cognition?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aba Szollosi ◽  
Ben R. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
The Way

Abstract The purpose of human cognition depends on the problem people try to solve. Defining the purpose is difficult, because people seem capable of representing problems in an infinite number of ways. The way in which the function of cognition develops needs to be central to our theories.

Peculiarity Parameters

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
H. M. Maitzen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Field Spectrum ◽  
Oblique Rotator ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
The Way

Ap stars are peculiar in many aspects. During this century astronomers have been trying to collect data about these and have found a confusing variety of peculiar behaviour even from star to star that Struve stated in 1942 that at least we know that these phenomena are not supernatural. A real push to start deeper theoretical work on Ap stars was given by an additional observational evidence, namely the discovery of magnetic fields on these stars by Babcock (1947). This originated the concept that magnetic fields are the cause for spectroscopic and photometric peculiarities. Great leaps for the astronomical mankind were the Oblique Rotator model by Stibbs (1950) and Deutsch (1954), which by the way provided mathematical tools for the later handling pulsar geometries, anti the discovery of phase coincidence of the extrema of magnetic field, spectrum and photometric variations (e.g. Jarzebowski, 1960).

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