The contribution to human development of social policies in the Central American Integration System

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Guillermo Bornemann-Martínez ◽  
Pedro Caldentey ◽  
Emilio J. Morales-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Central American ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Integration System

The contribution to human development of social policies in the Central American Integration System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Bornemann-Martínez ◽  
Pedro Caldentey ◽  
Emilio J. Morales-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Central American ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Integration System ◽  
The Social

This chapter examines the contribution to human development of social policies in the Central American Integration System (SICA), a tool for designing and implementing regional initiatives complementary to national policies. It considers whether the conceptual foundations of the social dimension in SICA are adequately defined and offers suggestions for redefining the social dimensions on the paradigm of human development and the capability approach. After providing an overview of the extent of human development and capability approaches in Central American development plans, the chapter discusses the progress of national social indicators in the region in terms of of the effectiveness of policies and indicators associated with human capabilities. In terms of regional policies, one proposal is to adjust the focus of the strategic approach of social integration in the SICA framework to the human development capabilities approach in member countries.

The Challenged and Challenging De Facto Authority of the Central American Court of Justice at the Intersection of Pacification, International Law, and Regionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-213
Author(s):  
Salvatore Caserta
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Central American ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Member States ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Court Of Justice

This chapter deals with the trajectory of gaining de facto authority of the Central American Court of Justice (CACJ), showing how, different from the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), this Court has thus far failed to leave a significant mark in its operational context. In its early years, the Court fared rather well, especially in terms of its capacity to build a system of community law and to address some institutional difficulties of the Central American Integration System (SICA). However, when the Court became involved with several highly political disputes (i.e. a political clash between two former Nicaraguan Presidents and some territorial disputes among its Member States) in the early 2000s, it encountered strong resistance from several actors in its context of operation. As in the analysis of the CCJ, this chapter explains the fluctuation of the CACJ’s authority by looking at the role played by various contextual factors such as the institutional conflicts between the various organs of Central American integration, the highly polarised national politics of some of the Court’s Member States, and the divergent professional interests of the Central American legal elites.

The limits of international adjudication: authority and resistance of regional economic courts in times of crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Caserta ◽  
Pola Cebulak
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Central American ◽  
East African ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
East African Community ◽  
African Community ◽  
International Adjudication ◽  
Andean Community ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe paper compares the involvement of four regional economic courts in legal disputes mirroring constitutional, political and social crises at national or regional levels. These four judicial bodies of the EU, the Andean Community, the East African Community and the Central American Integration System have all faced varied forms of resistance to their involvement and their general authority. By comparing these four case-studies from across the globe, the paper identifies institutional and contextual factors that explain the uneven resistance. While the regional economic courts in Central America and East Africa were subject to backlash from the Member States, their counterparts in Europe and Latin America avoided backlash but at the price of achieving only a narrow authority.

scholarly journals Institutional Capacity for Science Diplomacy in Central America

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Esteli Jarquin-Solis ◽  
Jean-Christophe Mauduit
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Central American ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

Science, technology, and innovation (STI) is increasingly gaining in importance on the foreign policy agenda of governments worldwide. However, the implementation of science diplomacy strategies requires STI institutional capacity and strong interfaces with policy and diplomacy. This research first maps the STI public institutions of the six member countries of the Central American Integration System (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama) and then draws their capacity to connect internationally in order to highlight their potential for science diplomacy. Variables such as the year of creation and mandates of scientific councils, secretariats, national academies, international cooperation departments and ministries are analyzed. The study reveals several public management challenges stemming from the institutional disparity and complexity of the region, already marked by significant asymmetries of human development between the various countries. Highlighting and understanding such challenges may be helpful for countries in the region in developing meaningful strategies around science diplomacy.

scholarly journals The Challenge for the Central American Integration System (SICA): The Withdrawal of Costa Rica During the Cuban Migrant Crisis 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Damaris Stein
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
National Level ◽  
Central American ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Migration Crisis

Central America has the longest experience with regional integration efforts apart from Europe and regional integration was on its rise with the establishment of the Central American Integration System (SICA). However, the organisation has been struggling to move the integration process further; experiencing a climax of fragmentation when Costa Rica left SICA during the Cuban migration crisis in 2015. This article focuses on the factors which contributed to the withdrawal of Costa Rica by looking at: (1) the institutional level of SICA; (2) Costa Rica’s policies that have hindered Central American integration; and (3) Costa Rica’s main reasons for its non-integrationist actions. This article argues that the cause can be found at both the institutional level and the national level. It further shows that SICA failed at deepening its integration due to its supranational ambitions installed in its institutional framework. Moreover, through qualitative research methods, it has been found that Costa Rica’s foreign policy is characterised by defying SICA’s organisational bodies. This article concludes by proposing four major reasons to explain Costa Rica’s non-integrationist actions which can be subsumed under (1) historical aspects, (2) no trade benefits from its membership, (3) immigration issues and lastly, (4) the legitimacy problem of SICA.

scholarly journals La armonización de la legislación penal en América Central = The harmonisation of criminal legislation in Central America

2018 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Álvarez García
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Central American ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Previous Condition ◽  
Complex Scenario ◽  
Criminal Legislation

Resumen: La efectividad en la lucha contra la, especialmente, criminalidad organizada precisa inexcusablemente de la cooperación internacional, sin embargo condición de ésta, especialmente en un escenario tan complicado como es Centroamérica, de un acercamiento de las legislaciones de los diversos estados en términos de “armonización”. La experiencia del autor en la armonización de numerosos tipos penales en el ámbito del Sistema de Integración Centroamericano (SICA) es lo que se ha plasmado, sintéticamente, en este trabajo.Palabras clave: Armonización, criterios de armonización, armonización máxima o mínima, principio de legalidad, cooperación internacional penal, organizaciones criminales.Abstract: The effectiveness in the fight against organized criminality needs compulsory international cooperation. However, as a previous condition, it needs the convergence of legislations form different states in terms of “harmonisation”, mainly in the so complex scenario from Central America. This paper incorporates the author’s experience about preparing the harmonisation of a large number of criminal figures at the Central American Integration System (SICA).Keywords: Harmonisation, harmonisation criteria, maximum or minimum harmonisation, rule of law, criminal international cooperation, criminal organizations.

Central American security cooperation to target gangs

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Central American ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
Us Presidential Election

Significance One major step to that end was the agreement in August to increase cooperation to tackle gang activity with the creation of a trinational force. Impacts Stemming funding will be key to meaningful progress in combating organised criminal activity. November's US presidential election is an uncertainty in terms of how the Central American security issue will be addressed. Broader security cooperation would require a fully regional approach, probably through the Central American Integration System (SICA).

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