Performance Analysis of Zakat-Based Empowerment to Improve Mustahik's Welfare

This study aims to analyze the performance of zakat in improving the welfare of mustahik through zakat-based empowerment programs. Mustahik's welfare can be measured in terms of material and spiritual conditions, level of human development, and level of independence of mustahik. This research is a quantitative study using a multi-stage weigh index estimation technique that functions to generate a zakat welfare index from each variable. The data used are primary and secondary data, primary data obtained from interviews, and distributing questionnaires to zakat recipients of Rumah Zakat in Malang. While the secondary data was obtained from the results of the literature study. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling to obtain data following the research objectives. The results of this study are, first, the results found that zakat can improve the material and spiritual conditions of mustahik. Based on the CIBEST model, it has been found that there is an increase in the welfare index of mustahik by 42.5%. Second, zakat-based empowerment increases the condition of the mustahik HDI by 3.1%, which means that zakat has not been able to have a major influence on the mustahik HDI. Third, the zakat-based empowerment program can increase the mustahik's level of independence by 16.8%. This index shows that mustahik already has a permanent job or business and saves after obtaining empowerment. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that zakat-based empowerment can improve the welfare of mustahik. It is noted that the welfare of mustahik has increased by 21.6% from the previous condition.

KESADARAN KUALITAS PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI MASA PANDEMIK

When the pandemic was not over, many people lost their jobs so that efforts to provide for the family's economy were carried out by opening businesses or trading, including around the Beji Timur HW Field, Depok. This condition causes the number of street vendors to increase so that with the increasing number of interactions between traders and buyers, it must be followed by an awareness of carrying out health protocols and awareness of maintaining hygiene and quality. On the other hand, during the pandemic period, there were many problems for street vendors, including Mrs. Acah. Although every day is still trading the results are still far from the previous condition. In addition, partner faces limitations in understanding quality management so that solutions need to be made through socialization activities. The approach given to partners in the form of a quality model consists of five stages, namely: personal hygiene, preparation until processing hygiene, serving hygiene, environmental hygiene, and communication hygiene including health protocols. Although there are still limitations, the results show that awareness is formed to maintain quality and health protocols. In the future, traders must be committed to maintaining the hygiene and quality of their merchandise and complying with health protocols so that assistance is still needed to help micro-business groups and other commercial activities in dealing with the post-pandemic period.Ketika pandemi belum usai banyak orang kehilangan pekerjaan sehingga upaya mencukupi ekonomi keluarga dilakukan dengan membuka usaha atau berdagang diantaranya sekitar Lapangan HW Beji Timur Depok. Kondisi ini menyebabkan jumlah pedagang kaki lima makin banyak sehingga dengan semakin banyaknya interaksi pedagang dan pembeli harus diikuti dengan kesadaran menjalankan protokol kesehatan serta kesadaran menjaga higienitas dan kualitas. Namun sebaliknya dalam masa pandemik menghadirkan banyak masalah bagi pedagang kaki lima diantaranya dialami oleh Ibu Acah. Meskipun setiap hari masih berdagang tetapi secara hasil masih jauh dari kondisi sebelumnya. Selain itu mitra menghadapi keterbatasan memahami pengelolaan kualitas sehingga perlu dibuatkan solusi melalui kegiatan sosialisasi. Pendekatan yang diberikan kepada mitra berupa model kualitas terdiri dari lima tahapan yaitu: higienitas pribadi, higienitas penyiapan sampai pengolahan, higienitas penyajian, higienitas lingkungan serta higienitas komunikasi termasuk protokol kesehatan. Meskipun masih ada keterbatasan namun hasil menunjukan terbentuk kesadaran menjaga kualitas dan protokol kesehatan. Untuk kedepannya diperlukan komitmen pedagang dalam menjaga higienitas dan kualitas dagangannya serta patuh pada protokol kesehatan sehingga pendampingan masih diperlukan untuk membantu kelompok usaha mikro atau aktivitas komersiel lainnya dalam menghadapi masa post pandemik.

Recovery Rates of Treated vs. Non-Treated Dairy Cows with Subclinical Mastitis

The term “spontaneous recovery” refers to a return to a previous condition without any external treatment. In cow mastitis, it refers to cases exhibiting visual symptoms (clinical) or an increase in somatic cell count (SCC) with no visual symptoms (subclinical), with or without identification of a pathogen, from which the animal recovers. A large retrospective analysis of data compiled from the Israeli Dairy Herd Book was performed to evaluate the occurrence of: (i) actual “spontaneous recovery” from the inflammation; (ii) recovery from the inflammation due to antibiotic treatment. In 2018, 123,958 cows from 650 herds with first elevation of SCC at monthly test-day milk yield were clustered into five SCC-cutoff levels (CL) (×103 cells/mL): CL1 (200–299), CL2 (300–399), CL3 (400–499), CL4 (500–999), CL5 (≥1000). Each cutoff level was analyzed separately, and each cow appeared only once in the same lactation and cutoff level, thus resulting in five independent analyses. Recovery was defined as decreased SCC on all three monthly test days, or on the second and third test days, set to: R1 (<100 × 103 cells/mL); R2 (<250 × 103 cells/mL). No difference was found among cutoff levels when the recovery was set to R1, with only 10–12% of the cows presenting spontaneous recovery. When the recovery was set to R2, percent spontaneous recovery was 25–27% at the three higher cutoff levels (CL3–CL5) and 35–41% at the lowest levels (CL1, CL2). Antibiotic treatment was administered to only ~10% of the cows, and in only the higher cutoff-level groups—CL4 and CL5. No difference was found between spontaneous recovery and recovery after antibiotic treatment. Moreover, percentage culled cows treated with antibiotics was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of non-treated culled cows (18 and 10.2, respectively), suggesting that the more severe mastitis cases were treated. We concluded that (i) actual spontaneous recovery from inflammation is low and does not depend on the number of cells in the milk at time of infection, and (ii) recovery from inflammation following antibiotic treatment is not higher.

Study of Antibacterial effects on Indian Currency

Indian currency is the official currency of India. With the advancement of science and technology several modes of cashless transaction have been introduced to our country but still a large section of our society is dependent on the transaction through currency notes. The composition of the Indian currency generally comprises of cotton rags, balsam and parts of silk for the purpose of security threads. These currency notes are a hidden threat to us as they transmit bacteria, virus and fungus through touch and gets transmitted from one person to another. An Indian note changes hands in an average of 500 times a day therefore increasing the chances of contaminating the currency getting high and the transmission of harmful diseases through this currency also increases. When these highly contaminated Indian currencies comes in contact with the human touch it results in the transmission of harmful bacteria into the humans therefore causing several bacteria prone diseases such as food poisoning diarrhoea Gonorrhoea, meningitis, ulcers, and several other diseases. Therefore, it is important to make the Indian currency antibacterial. The main focus of the study is to develop an antibacterial chemical agent which comprises of certain natural as well as chemical components as a solution which will be used to activate the antibacterial properties of the natural fibres present in the currency. Several investigations were carried out on how the natural ingredients that is of lemon extracts, industrial vinegar and ginger extract would act on the surface of the currency notes. Bleach was used to chlorinate the note as the fibroin fibres gets activated of the silk thread when chlorine treatment is done and it kills about 99.9% of the bacteria including E. coli and S. aureus. The application of the natural extracts on the surface of the currency showed specific changes as it was instantly more clear than previous condition. The acidic and the antibacterial properties of the natural ingredients used, makes the currency note bacteria free as well as dirt free for a certain period of time which is a notifiable change. The treated currency were seen to be preventing the growth of bacteria for a certain period of time because of the activation of antibacterial properties of silk fibres due to the application of chlorine on silk and also the application of natural ingredients therefore preventing the growth of bacteria by persisting on the outer surface of the currency.

landscapes

The essay discusses the theoretical implications of ecological restoration in landscape architecture. The study presents a management plan for highly damaged peatlands in the Isle of Skye in Scotland, where the habitat is threatened by a radical forestation process. Being a natural carbon stock, damaged peatlands are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. The project suggests gradually turning the case-study area's economy from tree farming to tourism, making the most out of the unique biodiversity of peatlands. The proposal traces a chronological activation plan of a touristic network that will run in parallel with the restoration of peats, native broadleaf forests, heather and cotton-grass meadows. Depending on the ability to recover of different soils, the restoration plan intends to gradually activate new dynamics in the landscape. The result is a stable “novel ecosystem” whose key interactions and processes are induced by new biotic and abiotic conditions. The article investigates and discusses possible strategies to develop a new kind of wilderness that differs from any previous condition and emerges from an alternative land use.

Nasofrontal Mucocele Following after Craniotomy Procedure

Introduction : Mucocele is a chronic, expanding, mucosa-lined lesion of the paranasal sinus characterized by mucous retention that can be infected becoming a mucopyocele. They originate from obstruction of the sinus ostium by congenital anomalies, infection, inflammation, allergy, trauma (including surgery) or a benign or malignant tumor. The frontal sinuses are most commonly affected, and subsequently ethmoidal sinuses. Case Report : A 56 years old man, presented with a lump on the left and right forehead accompanied by a protruding left eye since 6 months and is getting wors. Patient with a history of craniectomy debridement surgery indicated for open depressed fracture due to an accident 12 years ago, then underwent a titanium mesh cranioplasty 11 years ago. From examination of the head CT scan revealed a solid mass lesion filling the left and right frontal sinuses expands into the left orbital cavity. Bifrontal craniotomy was performed on the patient. Discussion : Mucoceles are mucous-secreting expansive pseudocystic formations, and capable of expansion by virtue of a dynamic process of bone resorption and new bone formation. They result from obstruction of a sinus ostium and frequently are related to a previous condition as chronic sinusitis, trauma, surgery or expansible lesion. With continued secretion and accumulation mucus, the increasing pressure causes atrophy or erosion of the bone of the sinus, allowing the mucocele to expand in the path of less resistance. This may be into the orbit, adjacent sinuses, nasal cavity, intracranial or through the skin; intracranial and orbital extension were demonstrated in this patient. Conclusion : Frontal mucoceles are benign and curable, but early diagnosis and treatment of them is important. Open surgery remains a valid procedure in frontal mucoceles with orbital and/or intracranial extension and in cases where the district anatomy is unfavourable for a purely endonasal approach.

Distinct Element Simulation of a Landslide Process

The paper presents a numerical simulation of the development of a catastrophic landslide in a sandstone quarry and methods of reconstructing the quarry to its previous condition from before the landslide. The important objective of the paper is to present the capabilities of the numerical method used in the analysis of the landslide process, namely the Distinct Element Method (DEM). This method is poorly known, though it is capable of solving important geotechnical problems in which massive displacements are modelled. The features of the method are presented on the basis of a case study. Therefore a numerical analysis is carried out to show the performance of DEM in generating a displacement of several dozen meters in the example of a catastrophic landslide that occurred some years ago in a sandstone quarry. This engineering problem makes it possible to describe and analyse the mechanisms, causes and consequences of the landslide.

Parameter Identification of Hydraulic Systems Using Modified Coyote Optimization Algorithm

Parameter identification is one of most interesting fields for researchers in control engineering field. Different methods have been investigated in recent years. Methods can be divided into two main categories: mathematical based methods and artificial intelligence approaches. Mathematical approaches also known as traditional method which uses different formula to have an estimation of some missed parameters in practical systems, and on the other hand artificial intelligence methods uses different approaches for this purpose. This paper presents a new parameter identification method. A new modified evolutionary algorithm, which can be sorted as a approach of artificial intelligence, is presented and applied to a servo-hydraulic system as a parameter identification method. Coyote Optimization algorithm is chosen for this purpose. The presented modified algorithm is changed in a way that in each iteration, uses details from previous steps and have a better performance in comparison with the basic algorithm. The proposed algorithm tries to update each candidate based on its previous condition which has been missed in basic algorithm. The proposed intelligent method is used as parameter identification method and applied to servo-hydraulic system. The results for simulation are given. Results show the efficiency of the presented method. Based on results, it can be drawn that the proposed method can be supposed as reliable method for nonlinear systems.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS KARTU SOAL DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUTIVISTIK PADA MAHASISWA PGSD STKIP MELAWI

Development research is research that produces a new product, in the form of concepts, theories, models, methods, strategies, and media in a learning process. The product is expected to provide benefits both theoretically and practically in improving the quality of learning. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the card-based learning model with constructivist approaches in improving learning outcomes and learning activeness. The study used an experimental method of one group pretest-posttest design with descriptive qualitative and quantitative narrative approaches. Procedural development model consisting of; potential and problems, data collection, productdesign, validation and revision, testing and final products. Data collection techniques and instruments used observation and test techniques with observation sheet instruments and question exercises (pretest-posttest). Analysis of qualitative and quantitative descriptive narrative data. The results of data analysis found 40% of students with a difference in learning outcomes after actions above 10 points, 46.66% difference in learning outcomes below 10 points, 6.66% stagnant, and 6.66% decreased. While the activeness of learning before the action is 33.33% and 66.66% after the action. This means that learning outcomes and activeness increase significantly from the previous condition. So it can be concluded that the card-based learning model witha constructivist approach can improve learning outcomes and student learningactiveness.

Spatial Pattern and Effects of Urban Coordinated Development in China’s Urbanization

Regional urbanization in China has made formidable progress in, among other things, economic growth and urban sprawl, but local development is undergoing severe stress with irreversible impacts for urban ecological environment. Furthermore, spatial interactions are proved to be related to urban coordinated development. However, this spatial effect cannot usually be found in the literature. Based on the concept of coordinated development, the interaction among the economic, social and ecological systems of cities at prefecture level and above in China can be modeled by a coupling coordination model, and then analyzed using spatial analysis methods and spatial econometrics models, which can explain the patterns in spatial variation and its evolutionary trends. The results show that urban coordinated development has an apparent spatial heterogeneity, and East China develops better than West China. Moreover, urban coordinated development has an increasing global trend, which mainly results from East China, while the other regions cannot provide a definite boost. Lastly, there is an evident spatial dependence in urban coordinated development, which is positively influenced by an area’s own previous condition and its neighboring cities. Furthermore, population size, local GDP and green land, etc. have spatial spillover effects on urban coordinated development in China.