FROM TWO TO MANY PARTICLES

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-205
Keyword(s):  
Many Particles

Crystal structure-size relationship in ultrafine metallic particles

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Lattice Defects ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Seeded Growth ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Interfacial Structures ◽  
Typical Particle ◽  
Many Particles

Ultrafine particles usually have unique physical properties. This study illustrates how the lattice defects and interfacial structures between particles are related to the size of ultrafine crystalline gold particles.Colloidal gold particles were produced by reducing gold chloride with sodium citrate at 100°C. In this process, particle size can be controlled by changing the concentration of the reactant. TEM samples are prepared by transferring a small amount of solution onto a thin (5 nm) carbon film which is suspended on a copper grid. In this work, all experiments were performed with Philips 430T at 300 kV.With controlled seeded growth, particles of different sizes are produced, as shown in Figure 1. By a careful examination, it can be resolved that very small particles have lattice defects with complex interfaces. Some typical particle structures include multiple twins, resulting in a five-fold symmetry bicrystals, and highly disordered regions. Many particles are too complex to be described by simple models.

Larval Feeding: Mechanisms, Rates, and Performance in Nature

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Bioenergetics Models ◽  
Many Particles

Larvae of many marine invertebrates must capture and ingest particulate food in order to develop to metamorphosis. These larvae use only a few physical processes to capture particles, but implement these processes using diverse morphologies and behaviors. Detailed understanding of larval feeding mechanism permits investigators to make predictions about feeding performance, including the size spectrum of particles larvae can capture and the rates at which they can capture them. In nature, larvae are immersed in complex mixtures of edible particles of varying size, density, flavor, and nutritional quality, as well as many particles that are too large to ingest. Concentrations of all of these components vary on fine temporal and spatial scales. Mechanistic models linking larval feeding mechanism to performance can be combined with data on food availability in nature and integrated into broader bioenergetics models to yield increased understanding of the biology of larvae in complex natural habitats.

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE OF LIPID-DEPLETED MITOCHONDRIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Fleischer ◽  
Becca Fleischer ◽  
Walther Stoeckenius
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Unit Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Membrane Particles ◽  
Succinate Cytochrome C Reductase ◽  
Many Particles

The fine structure of mitochondria and submitochondrial vesicles depleted of their lipid by extraction with aqueous acetone was studied. Thin sections of mitochondrial membranes depleted of more than 95% of their lipid retained the unit membrane structure. Densitometer tracings of the electron micrographs showed that the unit membrane of extracted mitochondria was, on the average, wider than that of unextracted controls and showed a greater variation in width. The outer membrane was lost in mitochondria from which 80–95% of the lipids was extracted. Inner membrane particles were present on submitochondrial vesicles depleted of up to 85% of their lipids. However, when more than 95% of the lipid was removed, few, if any, particles remained attached to the membranes but many particles were found unattached in the background. When lipid was restored to lipid-deficient preparations, the mitochondrial membranes were found to be devoid of inner membrane particles but were fully active with respect to succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity.

Absorption and Raman scattering by molecule adsorbed on crystal surface: Many particles approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
A.M. Yaremko ◽  
V.V. Koroteev ◽  
V.O. Yukhymchuk ◽  
Yu.A. Romanyuk ◽  
O.M. Hreshchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Many Particles

TWO FAMILIES OF EXACT DISKS WITH A CENTRAL BLACK HOLE

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ P.S. LEMOS ◽  
PATRICIO S. LETELIER
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Topological Defect ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Black Hole ◽  
Counter Rotation ◽  
Infinite Extent ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Many Particles

The gravitational field of a configuration formed by a static disk and a Schwarzschild black hole is analysed for two families of disks. The matter of the disks is made of counter-rotating particles with as many particles rotating to one side as to the other, in such a way that the net angular momentum is zero and the disk is static. The first family consists of peculiar disks, in the sense that they are generated by two opposite dipoles. The particles of the disk have no pressure or centrifugal support. However, when there is a central black hole, centrifugal balance in the form of counter-rotation appears. The second family is a one parameter family of self-similar disks which includes at one end a Newtonian disk, and at the other a topological defect of spacetime. The presence of the black hole impresses more rotational velocity to the particles. These two families are of infinite extent. Some interesting physical effects are studied.

scholarly journals IS THE DECOHERENCE OF A SYSTEM THE RESULT OF ITS INTERACTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT?

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO CASTAGNINO ◽  
SEBASTIAN FORTIN ◽  
OLIMPIA LOMBARDI
Keyword(s):  
Small System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Many Particles

According to a usual reading, decoherence is a process resulting from the interaction between a small system and its large environment where information and energy are dissipated. The particular models treated in the literature on the subject reinforce this idea since, in general, the behavior of a particle immersed in a large "bath" composed by many particles is studied. The aim of this letter is to warn against this usual simplified reading. By means of the analysis of a well-known model, we will show that decoherence may occur in a system interacting with an environment consisting of only one particle.

scholarly journals Dynamics of many particles in the urn model

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5554
Author(s):  
Chen Bo ◽  
Tong Pei-Qing
Keyword(s):  
Urn Model ◽  
Many Particles

Comparison of two model reduction approaches of an industrial drying process

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 667-682
Author(s):  
Marc Oliver Berner ◽  
Martin Mönnigmann
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Orthogonal Decomposition ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Balanced Truncation ◽  
Reduced Order Models ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Proper Orthogonal ◽  
Many Particles

Abstract Dynamic models have proven to be helpful for determining the residual water content in combustible biomass. However, these models often require partial differential equations, which render simulations impracticable when several thousand particles need to be considered, such as in the drying of wood chips. Reduced-order models help to overcome this problem. We compare proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) based to balanced truncation based reduced-order models. Both reduced models are lean enough for an application to systems with many particles, but the model based on balanced truncation shows more accurate results.

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