The Discursive Construction of Southeast Asia in 19th-Century Colonial-Capitalist Discourse

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farish A. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Discursive Construction

The Discursive Construction of Southeast Asia in 19th Century Colonial-Capitalist Discourse

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farish A. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
To Come ◽  
Political Economic

The nations of Southeast Asia today are rapidly integrating economically and politically, but that integration is also counterbalanced by forces ranging from hyper-nationalism to disputes over cultural ownership throughout the region. Those forces, Farish A. Noor argues in this book, have their roots in the region's failure to come to a critical understanding of how current national and cultural identities in the region came about. To remedy that, Noor offers a close account of the construction of Southeast Asia in the nineteenth century by the forces of capitalism and imperialism, and shows how that construct remains a potent aspect of political, economic, and cultural disputes today.

Speculations on the Nature and Pattern of Opium Smoking

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Withdrawal Signs

Opium smoking began spreading slowly but steadily in China from early in the 18th Century. It grew through the 19th Century to the point that by the end of the century it became a nearly universal practice among males in some regions. While estimates vary, it appears that most smokers consumed six grams or less daily. Addicted smokers were occasionally found among those smoking as little as three grams daily, but more often addicted smokers reported use of about 12 grams a day or more. An individual smoking twelve grams of opium probably ingests about 80 mg. of morphine. Thirty mg. of morphine daily may induce some withdrawal signs, while 60 mg. daily are clearly addicting. While testimony varied widely, it appears likely that most opium smokers were not disabled by their practice. This appears to be the case today, too, among those peoples in southeast Asia who have continued to smoke opium. There appear to be social and perhaps psychophysiological forces which work toward limiting the liabilities of drug use.

scholarly journals WATERS TOWARDS RICE TRADE FLOW IN 14TH CENTURY OF JAVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Riza Afita Surya ◽  
Rif'atul Fikriya
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia ◽  
Rice Trade

Waters as rain, rivers, and seas are one the most common feature found upon Southeast Asian region. It has been establishing this region significantly distinctive along with others. Water is such profound thing everywhere, but it helds most importantly in Southeast Asia Maritime region, with its long shorelines in relation to it landmass, and with the enormous expanses of surrounding Island of Southeast Asia and abutting the shores of Mainland Southeast Asia. Waters in form such rain, rivers, and seas undoubtly giving a certain pattern of social and economical circumstance towards society. Java was known as the biggest rice producer until 19th century, especially manufactured among Javanese kingdoms. Rice had been the trademark of exchange in Java that was contributed across the land overtime. Here, wet rice cultivation has been a typical technique engaged in Java and remains until presents. This article discusses the water impact towards rice trade in Java during 14th century.

Warfare in Premodern Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Charney
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Indigenous Literature ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
The 19Th Century

Warfare in premodern Southeast Asia, roughly that fought up until the end of the 19th century, was shaped by the environment across the region. Maritime trade connections brought the introduction and circulation of external models of warfare that would help to frame the way warfare in the region was depicted in some of the indigenous literature and art (including the influence of the Indian epics on shadow puppet theater). Firearms played a more direct role in determining the development of warfare in the region over the course of the early modern period. As a result of better firearms, the elephant declined in battlefield importance and was increasingly replaced by cavalry. In the 18th century, Southeast Asians fielded some of their best-organized armies, and in the early 19th century there was a temporary revival of naval strength in parts of the region, particularly in Vietnam. Nevertheless, the introduction of the steamship and better European military technology from the 1820s ushered in the decline of the remaining Southeast Asian armies by the end of the 19th century. Although indigenous states would attempt to modernize and catch up with Europe militarily, all of Southeast Asia, save for Thailand, fell under European control.

Opium in China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangwen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
The 19Th Century

Opium was used as a medicinal herb during the Tang-Song dynastic era, if not earlier, but this medicinal role was transformed during the Ming dynasty as it became an ingredient in aphrodisiacs produced for the Ming court. Small countries in South-Southeast Asia included opium in their tribute items to the Ming. Tribute missions were a form of trade as well as the best way to maintain foreign relations. Opium transformed again in the early Qing dynasty as Southeast Asian Chinese brought the habit of smoking opium mixed with tobacco back to the mainland. This was soon integrated in and promoted by the sex recreation industry in the mid-18th century, and the demand for opium grew rapidly in the early decades of the 19th century. By the 1850s, increasing supply fueled a level of consumption that neither repeated attempts at prohibition, nor two opium wars could stymie; it exploded into a consumer revolution. Opium became vital to the economy as all the polities since the late Qing taxed it to sustain themselves. It also became a symbol of China’s humiliation and anti-imperialist political platform. It has now come back to haunt the country despite the Mao era success in eradication.

China’s View of the West, A Comparison of the Historical Geographies of Wei Yuan and Xu Jiyu

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Jessie G. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
The West ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Opium War ◽  
Xu Wei ◽  
Wei Yuan

Wei Yuan and Xu Jiyu, civil servants in mid 19th century China, were deeply disturbed by British expansion into Asia. On the theory that one should know one's enemies, both wrote pioneer historical geographies designed to introduce Chinese officials to the sources of Western power. They both made extensive use of missionary sources; however, there were significant differences between the works of Wei and Xu. Wei never abandoned the Middle Kingdom concept whereas Xu came to realize that the West had developed its own civilization, and he encouraged China's development of trade and commerce, especially in Southeast Asia. Wei and Xu's works circulated among a small number of Chinese officials on China's east coast, but it was not until after China's defeat in the Opium War, 1839-42, and the near over throw of the Qing dynasty by the Taipings that the works were reprinted and served as introductions to the West.

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