The European Social Question

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDINE CRESPY
Keyword(s):  
Social Question

scholarly journals On the effectiveness of tracking and testing in SEIR models for improving health vs. economy trade-offs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Kolumbus ◽  
Noam Nisan
Keyword(s):  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Seir Model ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Testing Policies

AbstractWe study the effectiveness of tracking and testing policies for suppressing epidemic outbreaks. We evaluate the performance of tracking-based intervention methods on a network SEIR model, which we augment with an additional parameter to model pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, and study the effectiveness of these methods in combination with or as an alternative to quarantine and global lockdown policies. Our focus is on the basic trade-off between human-lives lost and economic costs, and on how this trade-off changes under different quarantine, lockdown, tracking, and testing policies. Our main findings are as follows: (1) Tests combined with patient quarantines reduce both economic costs and mortality, however, an extensive-scale testing capacity is required to achieve a significant improvement. (2) Tracking significantly reduces both economic costs and mortality. (3) Tracking combined with a moderate testing capacity can achieve containment without lockdowns. (4) In the presence of a flow of new incoming infections, dynamic “On–Off” lockdowns are more efficient than fixed lockdowns. In this setting as well, tracking strictly improves efficiency. The results show the extreme usefulness of policies that combine tracking and testing for reducing mortality and economic costs, and their potential to contain outbreaks without imposing any social distancing restrictions. This highlights the difficult social question of trading-off these gains against patient privacy, which is inevitably infringed by tracking.

French Catholics and the Social Question

1893 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Jannet
Keyword(s):  
Social Question ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Factors influencing users' willingness to share health information in the social question-and-answer community represented by Zhihu: An online questionnaire survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PengFei Li ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
TingT Tang ◽  
Xiaoqian Wu ◽  
Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Question ◽  
The Social ◽  
Question And Answer

BACKGROUND Social Q&A communities are playing an increasingly important role in the dissemination of health information. The identification of influencing factors of user willingness to share health information (WSHI) is very important to improve public health literacy. OBJECTIVE in order to provide a reference for the construction of high-quality health information sharing community, this paper studied the influencing factors of social question-and-answer community users sharing health information. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted through snowball sampling among 921 users of Zhihu in China. Structural equation analysis was used to verify the interaction and influence strength between variables in the model. Hierarchical regression was also used to test the mediating effect in the model. RESULTS Altruism (AL, β=0.264, P＜0.001), Intrinsic Reward (IR, β=0.260, P＜0.05), Self-Efficacy (SE, β=0.468, P＜0.001) and Community Influence (CI, β=0.277, P＜0.01) had a positive effect while Extrinsic Reward (ER, β=0.351, P＜0.001) had a negative effect on WSHI. SE also had a mediating effect (βmediation=0.147, 29.15%, 0.147/0.505) between CI and WSHI. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that WSHI is simultaneously influenced by many factors such as AL, SE, CI and IR. Improving the social atmosphere of the platform is an effective method to encourage users to share health information.

scholarly journals Christianity and the “Social Question” in N.А. Berdyaev’s and S.L. Frank’s Philosophical Works

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
I.V. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Social Question ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Christian Socialism ◽  
Christian Love

The article analyzes and compares two interpretations of the “social question” and the ways of solving it as they are offered in the works of N.A. Berdyaev and S.L. Frank. A particular attention is paid to the connection between the “social question” and the problem of “Christian socialism”. While acknowledging the general importance of the social issues for the Christian mindset, both philosophers traced the origin of social injustice to the human nature rather than to the social structure. In both interpretations, in fact, the value of social justice is inferior in its hierarchal status to the value of Christian love. However, while they both rejected the socialist utopia of a “paradise on Earth” and the idea of a “Christian socialism”, Berdyaev and Frank radically diverged in their interpretation and assessment of socialism as a social system. This article highlights the fact that Berdyaev combines a criticism of the ideological claims concerning atheistic and materialist socialism with an uncritical acceptance of a number of socialist ideologies (e.g. “class struggle” and “exploitation”) and assumptions. Unlike Berdyaev, in interpreting the “social issue” Frank tended to distance himself from both classical liberalism (with its notions of private property, freedom, and state) and from socialism, which he considered as another ideological extremity. Frank’s social philosophy treats the thesis that the socialist system is more consistent and successful than others in tackling the “social issue” as an empirically dubious assumption. On the contrary, Berdyaev took this thesis for granted and used it as the starting point of his reasoning. This divergence, along with the fact that the same key terms were often used by the two philosophers in different (ideological) meanings, partly accounts for their differences in the interpretation of the “social question” and in the assessment of socialism.

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