Banking Reform, Risk-taking, and Accounting Quality Evidence from Post-Soviet Transition States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Fang ◽  
Wassim Dbouk ◽  
Iftekhar Hasan ◽  
Lingxiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Banking Reform ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The drastic banking reform within Central and Eastern Europe following the collapse of the Soviet Union provides an ideal quasi-experimental design to examine the causal effects of institutional development on accounting quality (AQ). We find that banking reform spurs significant improvement in predictive power of earnings and reductions in earnings smoothing, earnings-inflating discretionary provisions, and avoidance of reporting losses. These effects hold under alternative model specifications and after considering concurrent institutional developments. In contrast, corporate reform shows no such effects, refuting the alternative explanation that unobserved factors affect both reform speed in general and the quality of financial reporting. We further identify four specific reformative actions that are integral to the drastic banking reform process where prudential regulation contributes the most to the observed AQ improvement. It supports the conjecture that banking reform improves AQ by reducing banks’ risk-taking behaviors and, as a result, their motive behind accounting manipulation.

Development of the Legal Framework for Regulating Relations for the Training and Retraining of Judges in the Soviet Period (1946–1991)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
S. I. Pukhnarevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Soviet Union

The article shows the formation of the legal basis for the formation, development and functioning of the system of training and retraining of judicial personnel in the country in the period from 1946 until the end of the USSR. The article also explores the forms and approaches to the organization of improving the quality of the staff of the judicial system. It was concluded that the Soviet Union has formed an ideologically oriented, strictly centralized Federal-Republican system of professional development of court employees.

scholarly journals A big picture: bibliometric study of academic publications from post-Soviet countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Chankseliani ◽  
Andrey Lovakov ◽  
Vladimir Pislyakov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Global Research

AbstractThe world’s largest community of scientists disintegrated following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. With extremely scarce resources and limited academic freedom as starting points, researchers in this region have been creating new knowledge; they have been building on rich scientific traditions in selected disciplines and, at times, paving new paths in non-traditional disciplines. At present, the cumulative contribution of post-Soviet countries to global research output is only three percent, indicating that these countries are not key players on the global research scene. This study uses bibliometric methods to offer novel empirical insight into the quantity and impact of academic publications; it also looks at the quality of journals in which the output is published. The findings reveal that fifteen post-Soviet countries differ considerably in terms of how much they have prioritised research, as well as the quantity, quality, and impact of their publications. The research productivity across the region has not been high and, taken together, these countries have produced publications of considerably lower quality and lower impact when viewed in the context of global research output. At the same time, researchers from post-Soviet countries tap into international collaborative networks actively, resulting in an exceptionally large proportion of publications from this region being internationally co-authored. In the historical context of Soviet research being known as one of the least collaborative globally, this finding indicates that researchers in the region are attractive to international collaborators and may be seeking such partnerships due to relatively modest research capacity at home.

Political constraints on economic efficiency: a reconsideration of the American and Soviet economies

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
R.T. Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Extensive Growth

The formulation and execution of economic policy towards the Soviet block has generally been based on the presumption by Western governments of the inevitable and demonstrable economic superiority of capitalist over communist systems. Expectations derived from theoretical analysis of the misallocation of economic resources that would obtain in an economy lacking a rational price system appear to be sustained by empirical investigation of the Soviet Union. The impossibility of ensuring consistent and optimal plans, the failure to meet demand in terms of both quantity and quality of consumer goods and the requirement of excessive inputs of factors and resources per unit of output in both industry and agriculture compared with the mixed economies have been well documented, and appear to be endemic in Eastern Europe. Although it is more difficult to make international comparisons of dynamic efficiency due to the lack of an appropriate conceptual framework, both theoretical and empirical analyses appear to sustain the conventional orthodoxy. Material balances planning, and in particular the system of factor rewards prevailing in the U.S.S.R., give rise to expectations of bias against technical progress. The most comprehensive investigation into the sources of technological progress in the Soviet Union shows that in the period 1945–65, only 11 per cent of the technologies then in use had been internally generated, the rest being imported from capitalist sources. It has been estimated that, the technology gap between the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. may be between 10 and 25 years. The impressively high growth rates achieved by the Soviet Union in the 1950s and early 1960s, it is further claimed, are not evidence of the eventual dynamic superiority of the planned system, as Soviet economists insist, but are no more than a reflection of the low level of economic development which the Soviet economy had attained by the beginning of the period of the Five Year Plans. Once abundant and under-utilized factors of production were fully absorbed into the economy, the requirement of the extensive growth model for large inputs of labour and capital per unit of output would cause a deceleration of growth rates. Statistics for the 1970s appear to bear out the prediction.

Spillover effect of regulatory accounting inspections on accounting quality of peer companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-704
Author(s):  
Eunjung Cho ◽  
Jeehong Kim ◽  
Sooin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Disciplinary Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Results

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether a negative outcome (i.e. a sanction) of an inspection by Korea’s Financial Supervisory Service for an industry-leading company affects the accounting quality of other companies in the same industry. The premise is that when peer companies observe the negative results of such an inspection on a leader in their industry, they will be more concerned about their own risk during a future inspection and more likely to increase their accounting quality. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct a mutivariate Oridnary Least Squares (OLS) regression using 11,476 South Korean samples from 2002 to 2016. The study uses ordinary least square regressions to test the hypotheses using discretionary accruals as a proxy for accounting quality. Findings The authors find that peer companies reduced their discretionary accruals in the next period and that this reduction is amplified according to the severity of the disciplinary action on the industry leader and the materiality of errors in that leader’s financial statements. Originality/value This finding contributes to the literature by providing the first evidence of a spillover effect of regulatory inspection on accounting quality that financial reporting sanctions not only affect the overall accounting quality of the sanctioned company but also that of its peers in the same industry. The authors expect this study to lead to future research on the effect of other regulations on industry-wide accounting quality.

Whither the Cuban economy after recovery? The reform process, upgrading strategies and the question of transition

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAES BRUNDENIUS
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
New Development ◽  
Upgrading Strategies ◽  
Ruling Party

Where is the Cuban economy heading? The economy has been recovering at an average rate of four per cent per year since 1994 (after GDP declined by 35 per cent between 1989 and 1993). Many reforms have been undertaken in the direction of a market economy, but it is far from clear what kind of economy the Cuban ruling party has in mind after recovery. This article discusses the successes and shortcomings of the reform process in Cuba since the downfall of communism in Europe and the Soviet Union. It also addresses the salient issues in what appears to be a new development strategy in Cuba, and what could be said about the reforms and the strategy in the light of the debate on transition ‘ten years after’.

Deng Xiaoping: The Statesman

1993 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 551-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yahuda
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
At Home

Alone of the world's Communist leaders, Deng Xiaoping has charted a course that has combined for his country rapid economic development, successful economic reform and openness to the capitalistic international economy with continued dictatorship by the Communist Party. Under his leadership Communist rule in China has survived the demise of Communism in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union-the motherland of Communism. In the process the regime has weathered the ending of the Cold War and has become more engaged with the Asia-Pacific region. But Deng's reputation at home and abroad has been badly tarnished by his ruthlessness in masterminding the Tiananmen massacre of 4 June 1989. But that ruthlessness is absolutely central to Deng's political philosophy and strategy. For him it is the basis of order at home which alone ensures that the economic policies of reform and openness can be carried out without undermining Communist Party rule through the spread of liberal influences. In so far as statesmanship requires moral dimensions it will be necessary in assessing the quality of Deng's statesmanship to consider the meaning of statesmanship itself.

scholarly journals Groundwater resources of Uzbekistan: an environmental and operational overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shavkat Rakhmatullaev ◽  
Frédéric Huneau ◽  
Jusipbek Kazbekov ◽  
Hélène Celle-Jeanton ◽  
Mikael Motelica-Heino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Runoff Quality

AbstractAs a result of the massive irrigation development during the Soviet Union era and intensive chemization of agriculture, the surface runoff quality has been degraded in this arid and endorheic region. Moreover hydraulically related groundwater has also been affected. Excessive irrigation has lead to land salinization, which now threatens the soil quality of significant areas where crop yields would be at risk in the future. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, institutional changes have been undertaken for the management of natural resources and water infrastructure. At present, underdeveloped and inadequate systems have been practiced with respect to groundwater use and management. This paper analyzes the present extent of groundwater resources with consideration to their reserves, quality evolution, and to technical, institutional and transboundary management practices in Uzbekistan.

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