scholarly journals A big picture: bibliometric study of academic publications from post-Soviet countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Chankseliani ◽  
Andrey Lovakov ◽  
Vladimir Pislyakov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Global Research

AbstractThe world’s largest community of scientists disintegrated following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. With extremely scarce resources and limited academic freedom as starting points, researchers in this region have been creating new knowledge; they have been building on rich scientific traditions in selected disciplines and, at times, paving new paths in non-traditional disciplines. At present, the cumulative contribution of post-Soviet countries to global research output is only three percent, indicating that these countries are not key players on the global research scene. This study uses bibliometric methods to offer novel empirical insight into the quantity and impact of academic publications; it also looks at the quality of journals in which the output is published. The findings reveal that fifteen post-Soviet countries differ considerably in terms of how much they have prioritised research, as well as the quantity, quality, and impact of their publications. The research productivity across the region has not been high and, taken together, these countries have produced publications of considerably lower quality and lower impact when viewed in the context of global research output. At the same time, researchers from post-Soviet countries tap into international collaborative networks actively, resulting in an exceptionally large proportion of publications from this region being internationally co-authored. In the historical context of Soviet research being known as one of the least collaborative globally, this finding indicates that researchers in the region are attractive to international collaborators and may be seeking such partnerships due to relatively modest research capacity at home.

Development of the Legal Framework for Regulating Relations for the Training and Retraining of Judges in the Soviet Period (1946–1991)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
S. I. Pukhnarevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Soviet Union

The article shows the formation of the legal basis for the formation, development and functioning of the system of training and retraining of judicial personnel in the country in the period from 1946 until the end of the USSR. The article also explores the forms and approaches to the organization of improving the quality of the staff of the judicial system. It was concluded that the Soviet Union has formed an ideologically oriented, strictly centralized Federal-Republican system of professional development of court employees.

Political constraints on economic efficiency: a reconsideration of the American and Soviet economies

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
R.T. Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Extensive Growth

The formulation and execution of economic policy towards the Soviet block has generally been based on the presumption by Western governments of the inevitable and demonstrable economic superiority of capitalist over communist systems. Expectations derived from theoretical analysis of the misallocation of economic resources that would obtain in an economy lacking a rational price system appear to be sustained by empirical investigation of the Soviet Union. The impossibility of ensuring consistent and optimal plans, the failure to meet demand in terms of both quantity and quality of consumer goods and the requirement of excessive inputs of factors and resources per unit of output in both industry and agriculture compared with the mixed economies have been well documented, and appear to be endemic in Eastern Europe. Although it is more difficult to make international comparisons of dynamic efficiency due to the lack of an appropriate conceptual framework, both theoretical and empirical analyses appear to sustain the conventional orthodoxy. Material balances planning, and in particular the system of factor rewards prevailing in the U.S.S.R., give rise to expectations of bias against technical progress. The most comprehensive investigation into the sources of technological progress in the Soviet Union shows that in the period 1945–65, only 11 per cent of the technologies then in use had been internally generated, the rest being imported from capitalist sources. It has been estimated that, the technology gap between the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. may be between 10 and 25 years. The impressively high growth rates achieved by the Soviet Union in the 1950s and early 1960s, it is further claimed, are not evidence of the eventual dynamic superiority of the planned system, as Soviet economists insist, but are no more than a reflection of the low level of economic development which the Soviet economy had attained by the beginning of the period of the Five Year Plans. Once abundant and under-utilized factors of production were fully absorbed into the economy, the requirement of the extensive growth model for large inputs of labour and capital per unit of output would cause a deceleration of growth rates. Statistics for the 1970s appear to bear out the prediction.

Who Gets What, When and How? Housing and Informal Institutions in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Kazakhstan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-167
Author(s):  
Dina Sharipova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Housing Allocation ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Informal reciprocal exchanges continue to shape people’s interactions in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. State retrenchment from the social sphere and growing inequality has markedly limited citizens’, access to scarce resources including housing. This has stimulated people’s involvement in informal exchanges. The article analyzes housing policy during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods taking a closer look at the process of housing allocation. It claims that despite formalization of housing distribution, citizens continue using informal networks to gain access to that scarce commodity in the post-Soviet period. The article draws on data collected from interviews, textual analysis, and original surveys conducted in Kazakhstan in 2011 and 2013.

Deng Xiaoping: The Statesman

1993 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 551-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yahuda
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
At Home

Alone of the world's Communist leaders, Deng Xiaoping has charted a course that has combined for his country rapid economic development, successful economic reform and openness to the capitalistic international economy with continued dictatorship by the Communist Party. Under his leadership Communist rule in China has survived the demise of Communism in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union-the motherland of Communism. In the process the regime has weathered the ending of the Cold War and has become more engaged with the Asia-Pacific region. But Deng's reputation at home and abroad has been badly tarnished by his ruthlessness in masterminding the Tiananmen massacre of 4 June 1989. But that ruthlessness is absolutely central to Deng's political philosophy and strategy. For him it is the basis of order at home which alone ensures that the economic policies of reform and openness can be carried out without undermining Communist Party rule through the spread of liberal influences. In so far as statesmanship requires moral dimensions it will be necessary in assessing the quality of Deng's statesmanship to consider the meaning of statesmanship itself.

scholarly journals Groundwater resources of Uzbekistan: an environmental and operational overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shavkat Rakhmatullaev ◽  
Frédéric Huneau ◽  
Jusipbek Kazbekov ◽  
Hélène Celle-Jeanton ◽  
Mikael Motelica-Heino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Runoff Quality

AbstractAs a result of the massive irrigation development during the Soviet Union era and intensive chemization of agriculture, the surface runoff quality has been degraded in this arid and endorheic region. Moreover hydraulically related groundwater has also been affected. Excessive irrigation has lead to land salinization, which now threatens the soil quality of significant areas where crop yields would be at risk in the future. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, institutional changes have been undertaken for the management of natural resources and water infrastructure. At present, underdeveloped and inadequate systems have been practiced with respect to groundwater use and management. This paper analyzes the present extent of groundwater resources with consideration to their reserves, quality evolution, and to technical, institutional and transboundary management practices in Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Causes of Rework in Construction Projects in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
R. Trach ◽  
K. Pawluk ◽  
M. Lendo-Siwicka
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Construction Enterprises ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Turmoil

AbstractThe collapse of the Soviet Union was the cause of a significant decline in many economies of the newly created countries. However, many of them, including the Ukrainian economy, are slowly recovering. One of the largest branches of the economy in this country is construction, which, despite political turmoil, is constantly growing, especially in the private real estate development sector. Despite the fact that the construction market is constantly developing, it is limited by the costs of rework and alterations resulting from many reasons. The key negative effects of modifications to the results of the project are exceeding the budget and time of project implementation, dissatisfaction with the project team, violation of contractual requirements and lowering the quality of the final product. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to determine the reasons for the emergence of rework in the in Ukraine by analyzing the results of surveys conducted among construction enterprises.

scholarly journals Language and Identity Explored

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Rozanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Forces

<p>The relationship between language and identity is widely discussed in applied linguistics, sociology, communications and other related scholarly fields. Furthermore, many researchers have focused on the post-Soviet region, which given its unique historical context allows for testing of this relationship. The widespread bilingualism as a result of historical russification and the linguistic transformations that occurred after the collapse of the Soviet Union make the region a ‘sociolinguistic playground’. Recent events in Ukraine have given grounds to further explore this relationship, now in attempt to link language and identity as potential forces for geopolitical change in the region. This paper presents an overview of existing research, theories, and opposing perspectives related to the relationship between language and identity, and considers complications such as historical russification, religious influence, socioeconomic factors, and education with regards to the Ukrainian and post-Soviet context.  I aim to illustrate the significance of language and its effects on socio-political change in the case of Ukraine, by presenting arguments and complications in support of the relationship between language and identity.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Cultural and Historical Context on the Moral Competence in Modern Society (in Terms of Georgia and Russia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-173
Author(s):  
Eka Kaznina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Moral Competence ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior

The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 sharply cast the relationships between the Republics of post-Soviet space and Russia back, mutual trust was  lost, economic and cultural interaction was practically stopped. The global changes of the 1990s in the field of political order, social and economic lifestyle in the countries of the former socialist camp brought up to severe demographic situation (depopulation), impoverishment of its significant part, criminalization of society and, what is quite important, to negative changes in consciousness and behavior of its population, including deformation of ethical code of personality, for long time fixing the acute social-cultural situation. A. Zhuravlev & A. Yurevich call that the moral collapse.                It is worth mentioning that the economic crisis of the 90s in Georgia was considerably more serious than in Russia. Attempt to teach norms of “new” morale were done by M. Saakashvili (2009–2013), who declared that during 20 years he would be able to change the mentality of Georgians – rejection of the Russian culture and language up to prohibition and adherence to anti-Russian policy at a level of the State. The author reports on that project and she intends to find the difference of how moral competence is understood by the generation which was formed in 1990s and the generation formed under the Soviet Union. 

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