Fact or Fiction: Does the Non-HIV/AIDS: Immunosuppressed Patient Need Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia Prophylaxis? An Updated Literature Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parbeer Grewal ◽  
Alain Brassard
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patient ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Wegener Granulomatosis ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medications ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is a potentially fatal fungal infection occurring in immunocompromised patients. Objective: To determine whether PJP prophylaxis is required in the non-human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) immunocompromised patient and, if so, the optimal prophylactic therapy. Methods: A thorough literature review, with the appropriate MeSH terms, was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and The Cochrane Database. A number of cases describing PJP in patients with various systemic diseases and immunosuppressive medications, along with a Cochrane review, were highlighted. Results: Although there are a number of case reports in the literature, the only collagen vascular disease with an increased incidence of PJP is Wegener granulomatosis. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole continues to be the prophylaxis of choice for PJP. Conclusion: There is currently no evidence to recommend PJP prophylaxis in the non-HIV/AIDS immunocompromised population. If physicians do decide to use prophylaxis, they should always weigh the benefits with the potential risks. Further studies are needed to better quantify the risks of PJP with immunosuppressive medications.

scholarly journals The unmasking of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia during reversal of immunosuppression: case reports and literature review

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan KL Wu ◽  
Vincent CC Cheng ◽  
Bone SF Tang ◽  
Ivan FN Hung ◽  
Rodney A Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia

Acute Herpetic Nasopharyngitis in an Adult Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

2022 ◽  
pp. 000348942110701
Author(s):  
Cathleen C. Kuo ◽  
Ellen M. Piccillo ◽  
Jason C. DeGiovanni ◽  
Matt Kabalan ◽  
Gregg Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Mesh Terms

Objective: To report a case of herpes virus-associated nasopharyngitis in an adult patient. Methods: The patient’s medical record was reviewed for demographic and clinical data. For literature review, all case reports or other publications published in English literature were identified using Pubmed with the MeSH terms “herpes,” “nasopharyngitis,” and “upper respiratory infection.” Results: A 40-year-old male presented for nasal congestion and a suspected nasal mass. Computed tomography of the sinuses revealed edematous changes in the nasopharynx which exerted a downward mass effect at the right aspect of the soft palate. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) revealed a lesion arising from the posterior aspect of the soft palate with extension into the posterior nasal cavity as well as copious mucopurulent secretions consistent with a superimposed acute sinusitis. Rigid nasal endoscopy demonstrated a friable and ulcerated lesion arising from the aforementioned anatomical location. Biopsy of this lesion and subsequent immunohistochemical analysis revealed a diagnosis of herpetic nasopharyngitis. Conclusions: Herpetic infection should be in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with atypical symptoms of nasopharyngitis. Early accurate diagnosis and appropriate specific management can limit the duration of disease course and prevent further complications.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis, The Black Fungus alarming Coinfections in Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Shahid Nawaz ◽  
Maria Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Life Threatening

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global pandemic causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It was firstly reported in Hubei province in the People’s Republic of China and spread worldwide quickly. The COVID-19 affects every person differently, from mild to life-threatening symptoms (Nawaz, 2020), along with other bacterial or fungal co-infections (CDC., 2021). The COVID-19 affected patients are prone to develop severe opportunistic infections (Salehi et al., 2020). The immune system of SARS-COV-2 infected patients becomes vulnerable to these opportunistic infections if some comorbidities (diabetes, pulmonary disease) or immunocompromised conditions (steroid therapy, hospital stay, and ventilation) are present. The development of infections such as Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, bloodstream candida, pulmonary aspergillosis, and oropharyngeal candidiasis have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (Moorthy et al., 2021). A few case reports of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in COVID-19 have been reported (Mehta et al., 2020). One such study was reported by (Sen et al., 2021), in which they presented a series of six cases of COVID-19 disease with rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Only one patient in this series had concurrent COVID-19 and mucormycosis at hospital admission, while five patients developed mucormycosis during treatment for COVID-19. Recent studies in Pakistan have reported an increased number of cases of mucormycosis, also known as “black fungus” in COVID-19 patients (The News., 2021).

scholarly journals Clinical parameters and outcomes of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in non-HIV/AIDS patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin CAO ◽  
Hui WANG ◽  
Peng WANG ◽  
Meng-tao LI ◽  
Yuan-jue ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Hiv Aids

Reticular erythematous mucinosis: Literature review and case report of a 24-year-old patient with systemic erythematosus lupus

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 096120332096570
Author(s):  
Juliana P Ocanha-Xavier ◽  
Camila O Cola-Senra ◽  
Jose Candido C Xavier-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) was first described 50 years ago, but only around 100 case reports in English have been published. Its relation with other inflammatory skin disorders is still being debated. We report a case of REM, including the clinical and histopathological findings. Also, a systematic review of 94 English-language reported cases is provided. The described criteria for clinical and histopathological diagnosis are highlighted in order to REM can be confidently diagnosed.

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