scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of Class II subdivision treatment with unilateral maxillary first molar extraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Livas ◽  
Nikolaos Pandis ◽  
Johan Willem Booij ◽  
Christos Katsaros ◽  
Yijin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
The Face ◽  
Molar Extraction

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate the long-term effects of asymmetrical maxillary first molar (M1) extraction in Class II subdivision treatment. Materials and Methods:  Records of 20 Class II subdivision whites (7 boys, 13 girls; mean age, 13.0 years; SD, 1.7 years) consecutively treated with the Begg technique and M1 extraction, and 15 untreated asymmetrical Class II adolescents (4 boys, 11 girls; mean age, 12.2 years; SD, 1.3 years) were examined in this study. Cephalometric analysis and PAR assessment were carried out before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and on average 2.5 years posttreatment (T3) for the treatment group, and at similar time points and average follow-up of 1.8 years for the controls. Results:  The adjusted analysis indicated that the maxillary incisors were 2.3 mm more retracted in relation to A-Pog between T1 and T3 (β  =  2.31; 95% CI; 0.76, 3.87), whereas the mandibular incisors were 1.3 mm more protracted (β  =  1.34; 95% CI; 0.09, 2.59), and 5.9° more proclined to the mandibular plane (β  =  5.92; 95% CI; 1.43, 10.41) compared with controls. The lower lip appeared 1.4 mm more protrusive relative to the subnasale-soft tissue-Pog line throughout the observation period in the treated adolescents (β  =  1.43; 95% CI; 0.18, 2.67). There was a significant PAR score reduction over the entire follow-up period in the molar extraction group (β  =  −6.73; 95% CI; −10.7, −2.7). At T2, 65% of the subjects had maxillary midlines perfectly aligned with the face. Conclusions:  Unilateral M1 extraction in asymmetrical Class II cases may lead to favorable occlusal outcomes in the long term without harming the midline esthetics and soft tissue profile.

scholarly journals Soft tissue thickness of face profile conditioning by dento-skeletal anomalies

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tanic ◽  
Zorica Blazej ◽  
Vladimir Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of dento-skeletal anomalies is generally based on the correction of teeth and jaws relationship, while it is expected that soft facial tissue spontaneously adapts to therapeutically achieved relationship and to accompany hard tissue changes. Objective. To establish facial soft tissue thickness conditioning by the presence of dento-skeletal anomalies. Methods. The study was performed at the Dental Clinic of Nis, and involved the analysis of cephalometric rendgenograms in 121 patients, aged 12-18 years, with no previous orthodontical treatment. According to dento-skeletal relationship between teeth and jaws the patients were divided into four groups; class I (control group), class II of division 1, class II of division 2 and class III. The standard analysis of dento-skeletal profile was done according to Steiner and soft tissue profile according to Burstone was done in all. Results. The patients of class II/1 had a significantly thinner upper lip (t=2.650; p<0.05) and thinner upper lip sulcus (t=1.999; p<0.05). The patients of class II/2 had a significantly thicker upper lip (t=2.912; p<0.01), while those of class III had a significantly thinner lower lip (t=3.900; p<0.001). Conclusion. The thickness of facial soft tissue considerably influences facial profile appearance in persons with a dento-skeletal anomaly. Not only do soft tissues adapt to the existing jaws relationship, but can also camouflage present anomalies.

Soft tissue facial profile in Class III malocclusion: long-term post-pubertal effects produced by the Face Mask Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Francesca Gazzani ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Saveria Loberto ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
The Face

SummaryObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyze soft tissue changes produced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy in growing Class III patients.MaterialsThe treated group consisted of 32 Caucasian patients (15 females and 17 males) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion treated with the Face Mask Protocol (FMP, rapid maxillary expander, facial mask, and removable lower bite-block). All patients were evaluated before treatment (T1; mean age, 8.4 years), at the end of active treatment (T2; mean age, 10.7 years), and at a post-pubertal follow-up observation (T3; mean age, 15.8 years). The treated group was compared with a matched control group of 20 untreated subjects (10 females and 10 males) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion. Statistical comparisons between two groups were performed with the independent samples t-test (P < 0.05).ResultsSignificant improvements were found during the long-term T1–T3 interval for profile facial angle (–5.8°), nasolabial angle (–4.4°), mandibular sulcus (–10.3°), upper lip protrusion (+0.7 mm), and lower lip protrusion (–1.1 mm) in the treated group. No significant post-pubertal effects were found in terms of lower face percentage between two groups.LimitationsThis study has a retrospective design and it used a historical control sample.ConclusionThe FMP induced positive effects on soft tissue facial profile with a good long-term post-pubertal stability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of long-term sagittal lip changes using Burstone line: Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Rachel Sathekge ◽  
Colin Lesar
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean

Objective Lip position has become one of the most important soft tissue analyses as it influences the occlusion, tooth stability and facial aesthetic. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the short-term and long-term sagittal lip positions/changes using the Burstone line (B-line).   Methods The sample consisted of 18 Caucasoid females only (14 extractions, 4 non-extractions) who were successfully treated with edgewise appliances. All the patients were evaluated before treatment (T1),at the end of active treatment (T2), and at a long-term follow-up observation (T3). The mean age at commencement was 13.2 years with the range of 10.5-19 years. The linear distance between the tip of the lips and the B-line were measured.   Results T1-T2 time intervals showed the upper lip underwent a mean change of 1.272 mm relative to the B-line (-32.8%) which was statistically significant. The lower lip showed a mean change of 1.549 mm (-22.2%), but these changes were not statistically significant. Lip protrusion relative to the B-line continued to reduce during the long term follow up period. The upper lip showed slight changes (-9.2%), whereas the lower lip demonstrated greater change (-53.8%).   Conclusion Using B-line, the sagittal soft tissue lip positions were more retrusive on the long-term follow-up records for both extraction and non-extraction cases, their values were not very different from the normal values of the untreated cases. Although the differences were not statistically significant,  upper lips were retrusive post treatment from T1-T2, while were statistically significant the lower lips were retrusive from T1-T2.

scholarly journals Effects of different surgical techniques and displacement distances on the soft tissue profile via orthodontic-orthognathic treatment of class II and class III malocclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Christian Möhlhenrich ◽  
Florian Kötter ◽  
Florian Peters ◽  
Kristian Kniha ◽  
Sachin Chhatwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Maxillary Advancement ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Bimaxillary Surgery

Abstract Background Orthognathic surgery can be carried out using isolated mandibular or maxillary movement and bimaxillary procedures. In cases of moderate skeletal malocclusion, camouflage treatment by premolar extraction is another treatment option. All these surgical procedures can have a different impact on the soft tissue profile. Methods The changes in the soft tissue profile of 187 patients (Class II: 53, Class III: 134) were investigated. The treatment approaches were differentiated as follows: Class II: mandible advancement (MnA), bimaxillary surgery (MxS/MnA), upper extraction (UpEX), or Class III: maxillary advancement (MxA), mandible setback (MnS), bimaxillary surgery (MxA/MnS), and lower extraction (LowEX) as well as the extent of skeletal deviation (moderate Wits appraisal: − 7 mm to 7 mm, pronounced: Wits <− 7 mm, > 7 mm, respectively). This resulted in five groups for Class II treatment and seven groups for Class III treatment. Results In the Class II patients, a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between UpEX and moderate MnA was found for facial profile (N′-Prn-Pog’), soft tissue profile (N′-Sn-Pog’), and mentolabial angle (Pog’-B′-Li). In the Class III patients, a statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) occurred between LowEX and moderate MxA for facial profile (N′-Prn-Pog’), soft tissue profile (N′-Sn-Pog’), upper and lower lip distacne to esthetic line (Ls/Li-E-line), and lower lip length (Sto-Gn’). Only isolated significant differences (p < 0.05) were recognized between the moderate surgical Class II and III treatments as well between the pronounced Class III surgeries. No statistical differences were noticed between moderate and pronounced orthognathic surgery. Conclusions When surgery is required, the influence of orthognathic surgical techniques on the profile seems to be less significant. However, it must be carefully considered if orthognathic or camouflage treatment should be done in moderate malocclusions as a moderate mandibular advancement in Class II therapy will straighten the soft tissue profile much more by increasing the facial and soft tissue profile angle and reducing the mentolabial angle than camouflage treatment. In contrast, moderate maxillary advancement in Class III therapy led to a significantly more convex facial and soft tissue profile by decreasing distances of the lips to the E-Line as well as the lower lip length.

Long-term occlusal and soft-tissue profile outcomes after treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with fixed appliances

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall J.P. McGuinness ◽  
Donald J. Burden ◽  
Orlagh T. Hunt ◽  
Chris D. Johnston ◽  
Mike Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Soft tissue evaluation of functional therapy in growing patients with Class II malocclusion: a long-term study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gazzani ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
Paola Cozza ◽  
Chiara Pavoni
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Functional Treatment ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Functional Therapy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Summary Objective The objective of this study was to analyse the soft tissue changes produced by the functional treatment of mandibular advancement in growing Class II patients. Materials The treated group consisted of 25 Caucasian patients (12 females and 13 males) with dento-skeletal Class II malocclusion treated with functional therapy (Activator). All patients were evaluated before treatment (T1; mean age, 9.9 years), at the end of functional treatment phase (T2; mean age, 11.9 years), and at a post-pubertal follow-up observation (T3; mean age, 18.5 years). The treated group was compared with a matched control group of 25 untreated subjects (13 females, 12 males) with untreated Class II division 1 malocclusion. Statistical comparisons between the two groups were performed with independent samples t-tests (P &lt; 0.05). Results Significant improvements were found during the long-term interval for mandibular sulcus (9.9°) and the profile facial angle (9.8°) in the treated group. No significant effects were found in terms of lower face percentage between the two groups. Conclusion Removable functional appliances induced positive effects on the soft tissue profile in Class II growing subjects with good stability in the long-term.

scholarly journals Analysis of soft tissue thickness in persons with malocclusions of class II division 1 and class II division 2

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tanic ◽  
Zorica Blazej ◽  
Vladimir Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Introduction. Different malocclusions indicate different thickness of facial soft tissue. Objective. The aim of the study was to establish the differences in the thickness of facial soft tissue profile in persons with dentoskeletal Class II/1 and II/2 relationship. Methods. In the study we used cephalometric rendgenograms profile analysis of 60 patients aged 12-18 years of the Dental Clinic in Nis who had not previously undergone orthodontical treatment. According to the dentoskeletal jaws relations the patients were divided into two groups with Class II division 1 and Class II class division 2. In all of them the standard dentoskeletal profile analysis by Steiner and soft tissue profile analysis by Burston was done. The obtained findings were statistically analyzed and the comparison between the studied groups was performed. Results. The results indicated the following: in the patients with Class II/1 relationship there was a significantly thinner upper lip (t=5.741; p<0.0001), thinner upper lip sulcus (t=3.858; p<0.001) and significantly thinner lower lip (t=2.009; p<0.05) in relation to the patients with Class II/2. Compensatory effect in the Class II/1 patients was more distinctive in females, as their soft tissue profiles were thicker. In Class II/2 patients this relationship was in favor of males. Conclusion. The facial soft tissue profile indicated significant differences in the thickness dependant on the type of malocclusion and gender. Because of their great variability and a significant participation in the formation of the profile, while planning orthodontic therapy, it is necessary to pay them full attention, with obligatory analysis of the dentoskeletal profile.

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