41-LB: Changes in Circulating Metabolites, Including Butyrate, Points to Underlying Mechanism of a Probiotic Intervention That Improves Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

The incidence of diabetes has increased globally in recent years and figures of diabetic patients were estimated to rise up to 642 million by 2040. The disorder is accompanied with various complications if not managed at the early stages, and interlinked high mortality rate and morbidity with time. Different classes of drugs are available for the management of type 2 diabetes but were having certain limitations of their safety. Alphaglucosidase is a family of enzyme originated from the pancreas which plays a role in the anabolism of 80-90% of carbohydrate consumed into glucose. This glucose is absorbed into the blood and results in frank postprandial hyperglycemia and worsens the conditions of diabetic patients which precipitate complications. Inhibition of these enzymes helps to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia and the formation of glycated end products. Alphaglucosidase inhibitors are reported to be more important in adequate control of type 2, but marketed drugs have various side effects, such as poor patient compliance and also expensive. This proves the needs for other class of drugs with better efficacy, safety, patient compliance and economic. In this review, we have emphasized the recent advances in the field of new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with improved safety and pharmacological profile.

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Type 2 diabetes: postprandial hyperglycemia and increased cardiovascular risk

Vascular Health and Risk Management ◽

10.2147/vhrm.s8216 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gerich

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Postprandial Hyperglycemia

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1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes osseointegration of titanium implant via downregulating AGEs/RAGE pathway in T2DM

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-18-0241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 1186-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tingting Jia ◽

Ya-nan Wang ◽

Dongjiao Zhang ◽

Xin Xu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

High Rate ◽

Alizarin Red

Diabetes-induced advanced glycation end products (AGEs) overproduction would result in compromised osseointegration of titanium implant and high rate of implantation failure. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD3) plays a vital role in osteogenesis, whereas its effects on the osseointegration and the underlying mechanism are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate that 1,25VD3 might promote the defensive ability of osseointegration through suppressing AGEs/RAGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In animal study, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats accepted implant surgery, with or without 1,25VD3 intervention for 12 weeks. After killing, the serum AGEs level, bone microarchitecture and biomechanical index of rats were measured systematically. In vitro study, osteoblasts differentiation capacity was analyzed by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase assay and Western blotting, after treatment with BSA, AGEs, AGEs with RAGE inhibitor and AGEs with 1,25VD3. And the expression of RAGE protein was detected to explore the mechanism. Results showed that 1,25VD3 could reverse the impaired osseointegration and mechanical strength, which possibly resulted from the increased AGEs. Moreover, 1,25VD3 could ameliorate AGEs-induced damage of cell osteogenic differentiation, as well as downregulating the RAGE expression. These data may provide a theoretical basis that 1,25VD3 could work as an adjuvant treatment against poor osseointegration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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PREDICTORS OF POSTPRANDIAL HYPERGLYCEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) ◽

10.4183/aeb.2009.177 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cristina Nita

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Postprandial Hyperglycemia

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Proanthocyanidins Ameliorated Deficits of Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Via Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Improving Mitochondrial Function

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21062029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2029

Author(s):

Fangfang Tie ◽

Jifei Wang ◽

Yuexin Liang ◽

Shujun Zhu ◽

Zhenhua Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunctions ◽

Mitochondrial Mass

Proanthocyanidins are the major active compounds extracted from Iris lactea Pall. var. Chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz (I. lactea). Proanthocyanidins exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and lowering blood lipids. However, the underlying mechanism of its regulating effect on lipid metabolism in diabetic conditions remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of I. lactea-derived proanthocyanidins on lipid metabolism in mice of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results demonstrated a beneficial effect of total proanthocyanidins on dysregulated lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis in high-fat-diet/streptozocin (STZ)-induced T2DM. To identify the mechanisms, six flavan-3-ols were isolated from proanthocyanidins of I. lacteal and their effects on adipogenesis and dexamethasone (Dex)-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were determined. In vitro studies showed flavan-3-ols inhibited adipogenesis and restored mitochondrial function after Dex-induced insulin resistance, being suggested by increased mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ATP contents, mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced reactive oxygen species. Among the six flavan-3-ols, procyanidin B3 and procyanidin B1 exhibited the strongest effects. Our study suggests potential of proanthocyanidins as therapeutic target for diabetes.

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