Moderate Alcohol Consumption Lowers the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

AbstractObjectiveBreakfast skipping has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the results are inconsistent. No meta-analyses have applied quantitative techniques to compute summary risk estimates. The present study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies summarizing the evidence on the association between breakfast skipping and the risk of T2D.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingRelevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and SINOMED up to 9 August 2014. We also reviewed reference lists from retrieved articles. We included studies that reported risk estimates (including relative risks, odds ratios and hazard ratios) with 95 % confidence intervals for the association between breakfast skipping and the risk of T2D.SubjectsEight studies involving 106 935 participants and 7419 patients with T2D were included in the meta-analysis.ResultsA pooled adjusted relative risk for the association between exposure to breakfast skipping and T2D risk was 1·21 (95 % CI 1·12, 1·31; P=0·984; I2=0·0 %) in cohort studies and the pooled OR was 1·15 (95 % CI, 1·05, 1·24; P=0·770; I2=0·0 %) in cross-sectional studies. Visual inspection of a funnel plot and Begg’s test indicated no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsBreakfast skipping is associated with a significantly increased risk of T2D. Regular breakfast consumption is potentially important for the prevention of T2D.

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Risk of Fracture in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.2062 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. A601 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C Shah ◽

R Shah ◽

G Kinra ◽

S Singuru ◽

M Naidu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Fracture

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Long-term Low-carbohydrate Diets and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

Journal of General and Family Medicine ◽

10.14442/jgfm.17.1_60 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 60-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hiroshi Noto ◽

Atsushi Goto ◽

Tetsuro Tsujimoto ◽

Mitsuhiko Noda

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Low Carbohydrate

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Abstract P149: The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Insulin Sensitivity and Glycemic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Intervention Studies

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p149 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ilse C Schrieks ◽

Annelijn L Heil ◽

Henk F Hendriks ◽

Kenneth J Mukamal ◽

Joline W Beulens

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Reduced Risk

Introduction: Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, but this relation appears stronger for women than men. The reduced risk of diabetes could be explained by improved insulin sensitivity or glycemic status, but results of intervention studies on this relation are inconsistent. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies investigating the effect of alcohol consumption on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Data sources: PubMed and Embase were searched until May 2013 using a pre-specified search string. Methods: Intervention studies on the effect of more than 2 weeks alcohol consumption on biological markers of insulin sensitivity or glycemic status were identified and assessed on their quality. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated using either fixed or random effects models. Gender-stratified analyses and sensitivity analyses excluding studies with high doses of alcohol (> 40 g/day). In a meta-regression the influence of dosage and duration of intervention was tested. Results: We included 14 intervention studies in a meta-analysis on 6 glycemic endpoints. Alcohol consumption did not influence insulin sensitivity (SMD=0.06 [-0.13 to 0.26]) or fasting glucose (SMD=0.09 [-0.09 to 0.27]). Alcohol consumption reduced HbA1c (SMD=-0.62 [-1.01 to -0.23], P=0.002) and insulin concentrations (SMD=-0.17 [-0.34 to 0.00] P=0.049) compared with the control group. In women, alcohol consumption reduced fasting insulin (SMD=-0.23 [-0.41 to -0.04], P=0.019) and improved insulin sensitivity (SMD=0.19 [-0.03 to 0.41], P=0.087), but no significant differences were observed among men. Results were similar when only studies with moderate alcohol dosages were analysed and were not influenced by dosage and duration of the intervention. Conclusions: This study showed that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce fasting insulin and improve insulin sensitivity among women, but not among men. These effects may provide an explanation for the relation between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, moderate alcohol consumption may reduce HbA1c levels among both men and women.

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