In Vitro Evaluation of Surface Properties and Wear Resistance of Conventional and Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites After Brushing With a Dentifrice

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAK Shimokawa ◽  
M Giannini ◽  
CB André ◽  
BO Sahadi ◽  
JJ Faraoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Surface Loss ◽  
Roughness Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of toothbrushing with a dentifrice on gloss, roughness profile, surface roughness, and wear of conventional and bulk-fill resin-based composites. Methods and Materials: Gloss and surface roughness of resin-based composites (RBCs; Admira Fusion X-tra, Aura Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative, Filtek Supreme Ultra, Herculite Ultra, Mosaic Enamel, SDR flow+, Sonic Fill 2, Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) were analyzed before and after brushing; the roughness profile and wear were also determined after toothbrushing. Representative three-dimensional images of the surface loss and images comparing the unbrushed and brushed surfaces were also compared. Analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were applied (α=0.05) to the gloss, surface roughness, roughness profile, and surface loss data. Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the correlation between gloss and surface roughness, surface loss and percentage of gloss decrease after brushing, and surface loss and surface roughness after brushing. Results: For all RBCs tested after 20,000 brushing cycles, the gloss was reduced and the surface roughness increased (p<0.05). However, the roughness profile and the amount of surface loss were dependent on the RBC brand. Admira Fusion X-tra, Aura, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill showed the deepest areas of wear (p<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between gloss and surface roughness, and a weak correlation was found between the decrease in gloss and the extent of surface loss, and any increase in surface roughness and the surface loss. Conclusions: Toothbrushing with a dentifrice reduced the gloss, increased the surface roughness, and caused loss at the surface of all the RBCs tested. Considering all the properties tested, Mosaic Enamel exhibited excellent gloss retention and a low roughness profile and wear, while Admira Fusion X-tra exhibited the greatest decrease in gloss, the highest roughness profile, and the most wear.

scholarly journals Preliminary In Vitro Wear Assessment of Ceramic Cemented Femoral Components Coupled with Polyethylene Menisci

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Saverio Affatato ◽  
Paolo Erani ◽  
Maurizio Fersini ◽  
Vincenzo Contaldi ◽  
Anna Rita Terrizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Roughness Measurements

Success of total knee replacement (TKR) depends on the prosthetic design and materials. The use of metal components is well established with the disadvantage of allergic reactions. Ceramics have been recently proposed because of high wear resistance, excellent biocompatibility, wettability, and suitable mechanical properties. This study was aimed at investigating in vitro wear resistance of Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA)/Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) of TKR femoral components. An in vitro protocol was designed with the application of relevant load profile, 6-degrees-of-freedom knee simulator, and 8 × 105 cycles on the ZTA/UHMWPE configuration under bovine calf serum. Before and after wear test, the femoral components were investigated by using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses, and stylus surface roughness measurements. The proposed pre-clinical test yielded repeatable results. In particular, gravimetric results showed that, after 8 × 105 cycles, the mean weight loss of the polyethylene mobile components is 5.3 ± 1.1 mg. The surface roughness measurements (Ramax) performed after the wear test showed no significant variation on the UHMWPE menisci. A slight increase of roughness has been found on the ZTA (0.02 µm before wear test, 0.28 µm after the test). SEM observations did not show significant modification of the surface morphology. Tetragonal to monoclinic phase ratio was measured by XRD before and after wear test to evaluate stability of tetragonal ZrO2 phase. Minimal conversion of tetragonal to monoclinic phase was found from 5.4 to 8%. Although this study is a preliminary evaluation limited to in vitro tests, it provides novel pre-clinical indications about the potential of ceramic TKR femoral components.

scholarly journals Effect of Toothbrushing-mouthrinse-cycling on Surface Roughness and Topography of Nanofilled, Microfilled, and Microhybrid Resin Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM da Silva ◽  
CUF de Sá Rodrigues ◽  
DA Dias ◽  
S da Silva ◽  
CM Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of toothbrushing-mouthrinse-cycling (TMC) on the surface roughness and topography of three resin composites with different filler particle systems (Z350, nanofilled [Nf]; Durafill, microfilled [Mf], and Empress Direct, microhybrid [Mh]). Twenty specimens of each resin composite (8.0 mm diameter and 2 mm height) were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) according to the mouthrinses: alcohol-free (Plax – P) and alcohol-containing (Listerine – L and Plax Fresh Mint – PM) and artificial saliva (control – AS). The specimens were submitted to TMC for nine weeks. A surface roughness tester and a three-dimensional profilometer were used to measure the roughness (Ra) and the topography (Sa) before and after TMC. The data were analyzed by multifactor analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05). In all media, Mh presented greater roughness than Mf (p<0.05). The highest value of roughness was presented by Mh immersed in L (p<0.05). The lowest values of roughness were presented by Mf (p<0.05). The three resin composites presented the highest roughness after immersion in mouthrinses containing alcohol (PM and L) (p<0.05). For the three resin composites, the increase in roughness was noticeable after the fifth week. Topographic analysis showed that the smoothest surfaces were present after immersion in AS.

scholarly journals Microhardness homogeneity of RBCs light-cured with a multiple-peak LED and surface characterization after wear

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ometto Sahadi ◽  
Gabriel Nima ◽  
Carolina Bosso Andre ◽  
Maicon Sebold ◽  
Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Multiple Peak ◽  
Roughness Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Light Curing

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the effect of the beam homogeneity of a multiple-peak light-curing unit on the surface microhardness and the effect of toothbrushing wear on the microhardness, surface roughness, roughness profile, volume loss, and gloss retention of incremental and bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs). A LED light-curing unit (VALO) with four LEDs at the tip end (405, 445, 465A, and 465B nm emission peak) was used according to each manufacturer-recommended time to obtain disks (n=10) of six RBCs: Estelite Sigma Quick, Charisma Classic, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme Ultra, and Filtek Bulk Fill. Microhardness values were obtained according to each LED positioning of the light-curing unit on the top surface of the RBCs and were analyzed before and after toothbrushing regarding microhardness, surface roughness, roughness profile, volume loss, and gloss retention. Microhardness was considered homogeneous on the top surface regardless of the type of RBC or wavelength tested (p>0.05). Overall, toothbrushing did not reduce the microhardness of the RBCs but influenced the gloss values for most RBCs (p<0.001). Charisma Classic presented the greatest surface roughness and roughness profile after toothbrushing (p<0.05). Volume loss did not differ among RBCs (p>0.05). In conclusion, different wavelengths of the LED did not affect the top surface microhardness, regardless of the RBCs tested; and bulk-fill composites presented similar surface changes (microhardness, surface roughness, roughness profile, volume loss, and gloss retention) when compared to conventional composites after toothbrushing.

scholarly journals The Effects of Toothbrush Wear on the Surface Roughness and Gloss of Resin Composites with Various Types of Matrices

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Murtadha AlAli ◽  
Nikolaos Silikas ◽  
Julian Satterthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Hybrid Resin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Toothbrush Wear

Objective: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness and gloss of a DMA-free composite and Bis-GMA-free composite with a DMA-based composite before and after toothbrushing simulation. Materials and Methods: Fifteen dimensionally standardised composite specimens of three nano-hybrid resin composites (Tetric EvoCeram, Admira Fusion, and Venus Diamond) were used. Five specimens from each composite were polished and then subjected to a toothbrushing simulator. Surface roughness (Ra) and gloss were measured before toothbrushing and after 5000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The data was analysed using 5 × 3 ANOVA to assess surface roughness and gloss values and pairwise comparisons in the form of Tukey post hoc tests were performed to interpret main effects. Results: For all tested materials, surface roughness increased, and gloss decreased after toothbrushing abrasion. Surface roughness (Ra) values ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 μm at baseline and increased to between 0.41 and 0.49 μm after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. Gloss values ranged between 31.9 and 50.6 GU at baseline and between 5.1 and 19.5 GU after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The lowest initial Ra value was detected in Venus Diamond and the highest initial gloss value was detected in Tetric EvoCeram. Conclusions: Simulated toothbrushing abrasion led to an increase in surface roughness and a decrease in gloss for all tested materials. Venus Diamond had the smoothest surface and Tetric EvoCeram had the glossiest surface after polishing and following 20,000 cycles of toothbrushing abrasion. Admira Fusion demonstrated the roughest surface and had the lowest gloss values before and after toothbrushing abrasion.

scholarly journals The behaviour of composites, glass ionomers and compomers in erosive conditions – in vitro study

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
Andreea Borş ◽  
Cristina Molnar-Varlam ◽  
Melinda Székely
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Dental Filling ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Restorative Materials

Abstract Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of erosive conditions on the wear resistance of aesthetic direct restorative materials. Methods: Six dental filling materials were tested: two composites (Filtek Z550 and X-tra fil), two compomers (Dyract Extra and Twinky Star) and two glass ionomers (Ketac Molar and Fuji II LC). Twenty disks (10mm×2mm) of each material were prepared (n=120) and kept in artificial saliva at 37˚C for 24 hours. Specimens were cycled in acidic soft drink (Coca-Cola) 5×/day, for 5’, over 30 days. Initial surface roughness ISR (Ra-μm) and final surface roughness FSR were measured using a profilometer. The wear rate was calculated as difference of final minus the initial roughness (ΔSR=FSR-ISR). For statistical analysis t-test and one-way ANOVA test were used by GraphPad Prism version 5.03 statistical software. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The erosive wear rates (mean±SD, μm) after exposure to acidic beverage were: 0.30±0.03 (Ketac Molar), 0.28±0.04 (Fuji II LC), 0.27±0.00 (Filtek Z550), 0.23±0.01 (X-tra fil), 0.20±0.00 (Twinky Star) and 0.14±0.01 Dyract Extra, respectively. There were significant differences between the tested materials (p<0.05). Conclusions: Dental filling materials had different behaviour under the same erosive condition, however all investigated aesthetic restorative materials showed surface degradation. These findings suggest that erosive wear resistance of tooth coloured restoratives could influence their longevity in intraoral acidic conditions. Acknowledgements: The study was supported by the Internal Research Grant no. 5/30.01.2013 of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu Mureş.

scholarly journals Enamel Surface Roughness after Lingual Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4196
Author(s):  
Martina Eichenberger ◽  
Anna Iliadi ◽  
Despina Koletsi ◽  
George Eliades ◽  
Carlalberta Verna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Fine Diamond ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Lingual Brackets

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess changes in enamel roughness parameters before and after lingual bracket debonding. The lingual surface of 25 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons was studied by 3D optical interferometric profilometry before and after debonding of lingual brackets following enamel finishing (with fine diamond) and polishing (with 12- and 20-fluted carbide burs). The roughness parameters tested were the amplitude parameters Sa and Sz, the hybrid parameter Sdr, and the functional parameters Sc and Sv. The parameter differences (after debonding-reference) were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed via a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistically significantly higher values were observed in all the surface roughness parameters of enamel surfaces after finishing and polishing, with the mostly affected parameter being the Sdr. Under the conditions of the present study, the finishing and polishing instruments used after debonding of lingual noncustomized brackets created a surface texture rougher than the control in all the tested roughness parameters.

scholarly journals Surface roughness of three types of modern plastic bracket slot floors and frictional resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hwan Choi ◽  
Da-Young Kang ◽  
Chung–Ju Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Ceramic Brackets ◽  
Sliding Test ◽  
Plastic Brackets

ABSTRACT Objective: To quantitatively analyze the surface roughness of the slot floors of three types of modern plastic brackets and to measure static frictional force during sliding mechanics in vitro. Materials and Methods: Control groups comprised stainless steel brackets and monocrystalline ceramic brackets. Test groups comprised three types of 0.022-in slot, Roth prescription, plastic, maxillary right central incisor brackets. Test groups included glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate, filler-reinforced polycarbonate, and hybrid polymer with inserted metal slot brackets. The static frictional resistance caused by sliding movements with an archwire (stainless steel) in vitro was quantitatively analyzed. Both scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional optical surface profiling were used. Results: Scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional optical surface profiler revealed that all as-received brackets had irregular slot floor surfaces, and both irregularity and roughness increased after the archwire sliding test. The ceramic brackets in the control group showed significantly lower surface roughness values and higher frictional values during the archwire sliding test compared with the other brackets. The glass or filler-reinforced plastic brackets exhibited significantly higher static frictional values than the metallic slot type brackets (P &lt; .001). The hybrid polymer with inserted metal slot brackets showed relatively lower surface roughness and frictional values compared with the stainless steel control bracket. Conclusion: Glass or filler-reinforced plastic brackets showed higher frictional resistance than metallic slot–type brackets. A plastic bracket with inserted metal slot may be the best choice among plastic brackets for low frictional resistance and to avoid damage from sliding movements of the archwire.

Effect of Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Topography of Monolithic Zirconia

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Goo ◽  
AUJ Yap ◽  
KBC Tan ◽  
AS Fawzy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Polishing Procedures ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effect of different chairside polishing systems on the surface roughness and topography of monolithic zirconia. Thirty-five monolithic zirconia specimens (Lava PLUS, 3M ESPE) were fabricated and divided into five groups of seven and polished with the following: Group 1 (WZ)—Dura white stone followed by Shofu zirconia polishing kit; Group 2 (SZ)—Shofu zirconia polishing kit; Group 3 (CE)—Ceramiste porcelain polishers; Group 4 (CM)—Ceramaster porcelain polishers; and Group 5 (KZ)—Komet ZR zirconia polishers. All specimens were ground with a fine-grit diamond bur prior to polishing procedures to simulate clinical finishing. Baseline and post-polishing profilometric readings were recorded and delta Ra values (difference in mean surface roughness before and after polishing) were computed and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test (p&lt;0.05). Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the ground but unpolished and polished specimens were acquired. Delta Ra values ranged from 0.146 for CE to 0.400 for KZ. Delta Ra values for KZ, WZ, and SZ were significantly greater than for CE. Significant differences in delta Ra values were also observed between KZ and CM. The SEM images obtained were consistent with the profilometric findings. Diamond-impregnated polishing systems were more effective than silica carbide–impregnated ones in reducing the surface roughness of ground monolithic zirconia.

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