Effect of Polymer, Road Surface, and Driving Conditions on Wear Surface Characteristics of Tire Treads

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Martin ◽  
P. H. Biddison
Keyword(s):  
Wear Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Cylindrical Particles

Abstract Treads made with emulsion styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR), solution SBR, polybutadiene (BR), and a 60/40 emulsion SBR/BR mixture were built as four-way tread sections on G78-15 belted bias tires, which were driven over both concrete and gravel-textured highways and on a small, circular, concrete test track. The tires were front mounted. When driven on concrete highway, all except the BR tread had either crumbled- or liquid-appearing surfaces, thought to have been formed by mechanical degradation or fatigue. When cornered on concrete, these materials formed small cylindrical particles or rolls. The BR tread had a smooth, granular-textured surface when driven on concrete highway and a ridge or sawtooth abrasion pattern when cornered on concrete. All the materials appeared rough and torn when run on gravel-textured highway. The differences in wear surface formed on BR tread and the other three are thought to be due primarily to the relatively high resilience of BR.

scholarly journals Relationship between tyre cavity noise and road surface characteristics on low-noise pavements

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 102971
Author(s):  
Lara Ginevra Del Pizzo ◽  
Francesco Bianco ◽  
Antonino Moro ◽  
Gloria Schiaffino ◽  
Gaetano Licitra
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Road Surface

Improvement of the visual warning system for various driving and road conditions in road transportation

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güray Tonguç ◽  
İsmail Hakkı Akçay ◽  
Habib Gürbüz
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Information Displays ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Information

This study aims to identify the potential adverse driving conditions which result from driver behavior, road surfaces and weather conditions for vehicles during a cruise, and to inform the drivers of the other vehicles moving on the same route. Adverse driving condition scenarios were developed via acceleration data in lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions gathered by using an accelerometer sensor placed at the gravity center of the test vehicles. The drivers were warned through the symbols designed according to the developed scenarios in different shapes and colors, displayed on an information screen showing the position of the vehicle. Three different software programs were used for gathering and evaluating the accelerometer data, storing scenario-specific symbols on the internet and transferring these symbols to the other vehicle information displays. The road tests were performed in conditions present in Turkey. It was observed that the vehicle drivers were alerted with the warning symbols which were designed for dangerous road and driving conditions with a latency of approximately 6s on Google maps which appeared on the driver information screen.

Flexural Properties and Polished Surface Characteristics of a Structural Colored Resin Composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mizutani ◽  
R Ishii ◽  
T Takamizawa ◽  
S Shibasaki ◽  
H Kurokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Flexible Disk

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the flexural properties and surface characteristics of a structural colored resin composite after different finishing and polishing methods, in comparison to those of conventional resin composites. Methods and Materials: A structural color resin composite, Omnichroma (OM, Tokuyama Corp, Chiyoda City, Tokyo, Japan), and two comparison resin composites, Filtek Supreme Ultra (FS, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) and Tetric EvoCeram (TE, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), were used. The flexural properties of the resin composites were determined in accordance with the ISO 4049 specifications. For surface properties, 70 polymerized specimens of each resin composite were prepared and divided into seven groups of 10. Surface roughness (Sa), gloss (GU), and surface free energy (SFE) were investigated after the following finishing and polishing methods. Three groups of specimens were finished with a superfine-grit diamond bur (SFD), and three with a tungsten carbide bur (TCB). After finishing, one of the two remaining groups was polished with a one-step silicone point (CMP), and the other with an aluminum oxide flexible disk (SSD). A group ground with SiC 320-grit was set as a baseline. Results: The average flexural strength ranged from 116.6 to 142.3 MPa in the following order with significant differences between each value: FS > TE > OM. The average E ranged from 6.8 to 13.2 GPa in the following order with significant differences between each value: FS > TE > OM. The average R ranged from 0.77 to 1.01 MJ/mm3 in the following order: OM > FS > TE. The Sa values of the OM groups polished with CMP and SSD were found to be significantly lower than those of the other resin composites, regardless of the finishing method. The GU values appeared to be dependent on the material and the finishing method used. The OM specimens polished with SSD showed significantly higher GU values than those polished with CMP. Most of the resin composites polished with SSD demonstrated significantly higher γS values compared to the other groups. Extremely strong negative correlations between Sa and GU in the combined data from the three resin composites and each resin composite and between Sa and γS in the OM specimens were observed; GU showed a strong positive correlation with γS in the same material. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both flexural and surface properties are material dependent. Furthermore, the different finishing and polishing methods used in this study were observed to affect the Sa, GU, and SFE of the resin composites.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE THRESHOLD OF VEHICLE INSTABILITY IN FLOODWATERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah ◽  
Zahiraniza Mustaffa ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
High Water ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Cast Model ◽  
Water Depths

Flood risks concerned to vehicle’s instability have become more conspicuous and it is thus necessary to understand the behaviour of vehicles exposed to floodwaters. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the thresholds of vehicle instability in floodwaters at different orientations. A stationary die-cast model vehicle (1:24) was used with the condition of rear tires being locked only, positioned at different orientation angles on a flat road surface in the partially submerged zone. Measurements were taken including the approaching velocities and water depths, through which the instability was computed. The study concludes that a partially submerged vehicle becomes instable at high water depths and low flow velocities and vice versa. Further, the vehicle was observed to be most stable when positioned at orientation angle of 0°/360°, with the limiting depth × velocity (D*V) value of 0.0168 m2/s. On the other hand, it was noted to be least stable when positioned at the orientation angle of 90° and 270°, with the limiting (D*V) value of 0.0144 m2/s. The outcomes from this study were later translated into guidelines.

Determination of road surface characteristics using photogrammetry technique

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Pozder ◽  
Sanjin Albinovic ◽  
Ammar Saric ◽  
Dzevad Krdzalic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Road Surface

First Paper: Tyre to Wet Road Friction at High Speeds

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Allbert ◽  
J. C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Wide Range

The general problem of loss of tyre grip on wet road surfaces is discussed. The initial section of the paper covers a description of the testing techniques employed for the investigations reported. These include both road and indoor rig techniques developed to study limiting tyre braking and cornering properties under a wide range of operating conditions. The level of friction between a tyre and a wet road is primarily related to the ability to remove a water film from the ground contact area. The contact area is considered to be separated into three effective zones. Initially the ‘bulk’ of the film is displaced leaving a thin residual film to be penetrated at, or absorbed from, the interface before substantially dry contact can be established. The size of this dry area, at the rear of the contact zone, has an overriding control on the level of available friction and is dependent upon the time occupied in displacing the water film in the frontal zones. An increase in the peripheral speed of the tyre reduces the time available for water displacement and effectively shortens the area of actual ground contact. In the limiting condition the vertical load on the tyre becomes entirely supported on the water film and the condition of aquaplaning exists. The requirements for this condition to occur are briefly discussed. Tread pattern and road surface design are shown to exert a considerable influence upon the rate of water displacement from the contact area and hence upon the relative sizes of the water-supported zones. The forces developed in the dry zone at the rear of the ground contact are dependent upon the frictional characteristics of the tread material. A section of the paper considers the wide scale effects of tread pattern, tread material and road surface characteristics and discusses the nature of the interactions between these three variables. Some results of recent studies related to different types of tread pattern, specific pattern design features and the effect of tyre casing construction are included. Future potential development of the tyre contribution is reviewed.

Influence of Road Surface Characteristics on Tire–Road Noise for Thin-Layer Surfacings

2015 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 04015024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Li ◽  
Wim van Keulen ◽  
Halil Ceylan ◽  
Guoqi Tang ◽  
Martin van de Ven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Road Noise

Understanding the Role of Urban Road Surface Characteristics in influencing Stormwater Quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 5217-5229 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Liu ◽  
Dunzhu Li ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
Yuntao Guan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Urban Road

scholarly journals Detection of Coordinate Based Accident-Prone Areas on Road Surface using Machine Learning Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Anitha Kumari Dara ◽  
Dr. A. Govardhan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

The growth in the road networks in India and other developing countries have influenced the growth in transport industry and other industries, which depends on the road network for operations. The industries such as postal services or mover services have influenced the similar growths in these industries as well. However, the dependency of these industries is high on the road surface conditions and any deviation on the road surface conditions can also influence the performance of the services provided by the mentioned services. Nonetheless, the conditions of the road surface are one of the prime factors for road safety and number of evidences are found, which are discussed in subsequent sections of this work, that the bad road surface conditions are increasing the road accidents. Several parallel research attempts are deployed in order to find out, the regions where the road surface conditions are not proper, and the traffic density is higher. Nevertheless, outcomes of these parallel works are highly criticised due to the lack of accuracy in detection of the road surface defects, detection of accurate location of the defects and detection of the traffic density data from various sources. Thus, this work proposes a novel framework for detection of the road defect and further mapping to the spatial data coordinates resulting into the detection of the accident-prone zones or accident affinities of the roads. This work deploys a self-adjusting parametric coefficient-based regression model for detection of the risk factors of the road defects and in the other hand, extracts the traffic density of the road regions and further maps the accident affinities. This work outcomes into 97.69% accurate detection of the road accident affinity and demonstrates less complexity compared with the other parallel research outcomes

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