scholarly journals Boiling Phenomena and Effects of Water Temperature on Heat Transfer in the Process of Immersion Cooling of a Heated Steel Plate

1977 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi MITSUTSUKA ◽  
Keiji FUKUDA
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Immersion Cooling

Effect of Water Temperature on Spray Cooling Heat Transfer on Hot Steel Plate

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Lee ◽  
Cheong-Hwan Yu ◽  
Sang-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Cooling Water Temperature ◽  
Local Heat Flux

Water spray cooling is an important technology which has been used in a variety of engineering applications for cooling of materials from high-temperature nominally up to 900°C, especially in steelmaking processes and heat treatment in hot metals. The effects of cooling water temperature on spray cooling are significant for hot steel plate cooling applications. The local heat flux measurements are introduced by a novel experimental technique in which test block assemblies with cartridge heaters and thermocouples are used to measure the heat flux distribution on the surface of hot steel plate as a function of heat flux gauge. The spray is produced from a fullcone nozzle and experiments are performed at fixed water impact density of G and fixed nozzle-to-target spacing. The results show that effects of water temperature on forced boiling heat transfer characteristics are presented for five different water temperatures between 5 to 45°C. The local heat flux curves and heat transfer coefficients are also provided to a benchmark data for the actual spray cooling of hot steel plate cooling applications.

Effect of Cooling Water Temperature on Impinging Jet Heat Transfer on Hot Steel Plate

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Lee ◽  
Cheong-Hwan Yu ◽  
Kyu Hyung Do
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Impinging Jet ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Cooling Water Temperature ◽  
Jet Cooling

Water impinging jet has been widely used in a variety of engineering applications; especially in the hot steel cooling of steelmaking processes and heat treatment in hot metals. The effects of cooling water temperature on water impinging jet cooling are mainly investigated for hot steel plate cooling in this study. The heat flux are measured by a novel experimental technique that has a function of high-temperature heat flux gauge in which test block assemblies are used to measure the heat flux distributions on the hot surface. The water impinging jet is produced by a straight pipe nozzle and experiments are performed at fixed water flow rate and fixed nozzle-to-target spacing. The results show that effects of water temperature on impinging jet transfer characteristics are presented for five different water temperatures between 5 to 45°C. The heat flux curves and heat transfer coefficients are also provided to a benchmark data for the actual impinging jet cooling applications of hot steel plate.

Improving the Boiler Efficiency by Optimizing the Combustion Air

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pachaiyappan ◽  
J. Dasa Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Air Preheater ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Combustion

Air pre-heater and economizer are heat transfer surfaces in which air temperature and water temperature are raised by transferring heat from other media such as flue gas. Hot air is necessary for rapid combustion in the furnace and also for drying coal in milling plants. So an essential boiler accessory which serves this purpose is air pre-heater. The air pre-heater is not essential for operation of steam generator, but they are used where a study of cost indicates that money can be saved or efficient combustion can be obtained by their use. The decision for its adoption can be made when the financial advantages is weighed against the capital cost of heater. The efficiency of the boiler increases with the increase in the temperature of the combustion air used in the furnace. This is achieved by the increased temperature of the flue gas in the air preheater and economizer zone. This paper deals with the different ways to obtain the maximum heat from the flue gas travelling through the air preheater and the economizer zone to improve the boiler efficiency.

scholarly journals Water temperature dynamics and heat transfer beneath the ice cover of a lake

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Ellis ◽  
Heinz G. Stefan ◽  
Ruochuan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Temperature Dynamics

Skinfolds and resting heat loss in cold air and water: temperature equivalence

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Smith ◽  
J. M. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Heat Conductance ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Body Core ◽  
Male Subjects

Fourteen male subjects with unweighted mean skinfolds (MSF) of 10.23 mm underwent several 3-h exposures to cold water and air of similar velocities in order to compare by indirect calorimetry the rate of heat loss in water and air. Measurements of heat loss (excluding the head) at each air temperature (Ta = 25, 20, 10 degrees C) and water temperature (Tw = 29–33 degrees C) were used in a linear approximation of overall heat transfer from body core (Tre) to air or water. We found the lower critical air and water temperatures to fall as a negative linear function of MSF. The slope of these lines was not significantly different in air and water with a mean of minus 0.237 degrees C/mm MSF. Overall heat conductance was 3.34 times greater in water. However, this value was not fixed but varied as an inverse curvilinear function of MSF. Thus, equivalent water-air temperatures also varied as a function of MSF. Between limits of 100–250% of resting heat loss the followingrelationships between MSF and equivalent water-air temperatures were found (see article).

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