Association of cardio-metabolic risk factors with elevated basal heart rate in South African Asian Indians

BACKGROUND Modernization negatively changes lifestyle, characterized by excessive eating and reduced energy consumption, and concurrently increases the cardiometabolic risk. This study was aimed to evaluate the association between eating behavior and cardio-metabolic risk factors including body mass index (BMI) in percentile, blood pressure (BP) in percentile, waist circumference, and heart rate in total subjects and gender sub-groups. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study was done from July to November 2018. High schools in four provinces of Indonesia and students were selected using purposive sampling. Subjects’ profiles were collected from interview and cardio-metabolic parameters were measured at the study sites. Data were analyzed with chi-square and independent t-test. RESULTS Subjects who were overweight/obese and had high BP accounted for 27.1% and 9.3–12.0% of the total subjects (n = 768), respectively. Subjects who having breakfast tended to have lower BMI (p = 0.006), and the lower consumption of western meals had lower heart rate (p = 0.02). Male subjects had more meal frequency and had less quantity of snacks than female subjects (p<0.001). Male subjects with routine intake of vegetables had low heart rate (p = 0.03). Female subjects with routine breakfast had better BMI (p<0.001), and lower diastolic BP (p = 0.004) and waist circumference (p = 0.02), whereas those who consumed Western meals had higher heart rate (p = 0.046) and waist circumference (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Eating behaviors are likely to affect cardio-metabolic risk factors, and the effects vary within gender groups.

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Diagnostic Ability of Obesity Measures to Identify Metabolic Risk Factors in South African Women

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders ◽

10.1089/met.2011.0034 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Juliet Evans ◽

Lisa Micklesfield ◽

Courtney Jennings ◽

Naomi S. Levitt ◽

Estelle V. Lambert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South African ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

African Women ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Diagnostic Ability ◽

South African Women

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BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION AND CARDIO-METABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN MIXED-ANCESTRY SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN AND MEN

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000539386.28591.a3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. e145-e146

Author(s):

A.P. Kengne ◽

F.E. Davidson ◽

T.E. Matsha ◽

R.T. Erasmus ◽

J.E. Goedecke

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

African Women ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Mixed Ancestry ◽

South African Women

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The association of interleukin-18 genotype and serum levels with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-07-0463 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 157 (5) ◽

pp. 633-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Juliet Evans ◽

Malcolm Collins ◽

Courtney Jennings ◽

Lize van der Merwe ◽

Ingegerd Söderström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

South African ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

African Women ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Black South African ◽

South African Women

AbstractObjectiveCirculating levels of interleukin (IL)-18 are associated with the metabolic syndrome and risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the association between the circulating IL-18 levels and the −137 G/C polymorphism within the IL-18 gene with metabolic risk factors for CVD in normal-weight and obese black South African women.MethodsBlood pressure (BP), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer), visceral adiposity (computerized tomography), as well as fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, IL-18 levels, and IL-18 genotype were measured in 104 normal-weight (body mass index (BMI) ≤25 kg/m2) and 124 obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) black South African women.ResultsSubjects with a GC genotype (23%) had a greater mean arterial pressure (MAP, 90.6±11.1 vs 85.5±10.3 mmHg, P<0.001) than the subjects with the GG genotype. Serum IL-18 levels were not associated with IL-18 genotype (P=0.985); however, they significantly correlated with percentage of body fat (r=0.25, P<0.001), visceral adiposity (r=0.32, P<0.001), MAP (r=0.22, P=0.001), HOMA-IR (r=0.33, P<0.001), fasting insulin (r=0.25, P<0.001), triglyceride (r=0.16, P<0.05), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r=−0.14, P<0.05) levels, after adjusting for age and body fatness.ConclusionsWe show for the first time that the GC genotype of the IL-18 −137 G/C polymorphism and the circulating IL-18 levels are independently associated with raised BP. Moreover, fasting IL-18 levels are associated with the other metabolic risk factors for CVD in normal-weight and obese black South African women.

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