MONITORING OF FLOODING EVENTS ON THE RIVERS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS IN 2014–2020

The rivers of the Northwestern Caucasus between Anapa and Tuapse are characterized by a flood runoff regime. Floods leading to material damage occur on the rivers of the region every year. After the 2012 flood, a network of automatic level gauges is developing in the region, recording water levels every 10 minutes. During the expeditions of the SSC RAS in the winter period 2019-2020 the analysis of the installation sites of 69 level gauges was carried out. The features of level gauges influencing the collection of observations are identified: the installation options, floodplain vegetation, the features of the channel, floodplain and river valley. The analysis of the accumulated for 2014–2020 database of level observations on rivers with catchment areas from 1.4 km2 to 1245 km2 was carried out. 34 778 periods of growth, 70 135 periods of stagnation, 39 485 periods of decline and 42 032 gaps were identified. Of these, 3398 flood situations were considered. More than 100 flood events were recorded on 11 level gauges: on the rivers Abin, Shebsh, Psekups, Pshish (3 gauges), Nechepsukho, Dzhubga, Vulan, Pshada and Mezyb. Less than 10 flood situations were recorded on 14 level gauges. To increase the efficiency of the network of automatic level gauges, it is necessary to expand it to the watersheds between rivers Abin and Khable, as well as on Pshish on the northern macroslope and on the watersheds of Pshada, Nechepsukho and Tuapse on the southern macroslope.

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Spatial Assessment of Seasonal Changes in Pollution of the Air Ground Layer with Aerosol Particles in School Yards of Tiaret city (Algeria)

Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology ◽

10.15421/111915 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 140-147

Author(s):

Khadidja Naceur ◽

Mhamed Maatoug ◽

Lazreg Benaichata ◽

S. А. Stankevich ◽

O. V. Titarenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Traffic ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Winter Period ◽

Low Grade ◽

Fuel Quality ◽

Nature Protection ◽

Protective Function ◽

The North ◽

The City ◽

North Western

According to the data obtained in the autumn-winter period, the excess of PM2.5 in air during the schoolday after a short stay by pupils in the school yards was 1.5 –2 times. The PM2.5 concentration in the autumn - winter period was up to 1.5 times higher than that of the spring – summer time. High concentrations of dust particles are observed in areas close to heavy traffic in winter in the South-Eastern part of the city. Low concentrations were recorded in the autumn-winter time in areas adjacent to forests in the North –Western part of the city of Tiaret. However, the protective function of forest stands in the spring – summer period in the North-Western part of the city of Tiaret is less evident. The need for introduction of several nature protection measures in the city is obvious. Among them: fuel quality control and fines for the use of low-grade fuel, increasing the density of trees and shrubs in the city in the areas uncovered by vegetation.

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THE DUTCH PROGRAM OF INVESTIGATIONS ON STORM SURGES IN THE NORTH SEA

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v5.34 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

J. B. Schijf

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

North Sea ◽

Storm Surges ◽

Water Levels ◽

Wind Effects ◽

Shallow Sea ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

Western Germany ◽

North Western

The North Sea is a shallow sea and therefore it is very sensitive to wind effects. As a result the water levels along the coasts are, in addition to the tidal oscillations subject to a considerable wind setup and exceptionally severe gales throughout history have been accompanied by inundations of the low-lying regions bordering the North Sea, in particular its southern part. No stretch of coast has suffered more than that belonging to the Netherlands and the adjacent parts of Belgium and North Western Germany. Several factors combine to bestow on us this doubtful privilege.

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Water tracks in the lower Lena River basin

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016304007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 163 ◽

pp. 04007

Author(s):

Anna Tarbeeva ◽

Lyudmila Lebedeva ◽

Vladimir Efremov ◽

Vladimir Shamov ◽

Olga Makarieva

Keyword(s):

Active Layer ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Water Levels ◽

Storm Event ◽

Lena River ◽

The North ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

North Western ◽

Cryogenic Processes ◽

Permafrost Regions

In the permafrost regions, where water filtration zone is limited by the shallow active layer, the surface flow forms a network of hollows, called «water tracks», oriented along the slope gradient. Water tracks are clearly distinguished on satellite images, but poorly defined in the field. The pattern of the water tracks network depends on geomorphological position, permafrost and geological conditions and dominant cryogenic processes. Surface flow could occur in the water tracks during the snowmelt and heavy rains, when the soil is entirely frozen or fully saturated by water. In dry periods, the water tracks form retention zones due to low filtration rates and significant capacity of thawed soil beneath the troughs. Our study of water tracks in the north-western Yakutia showed the changes of their morphology from upstream towards downstream. The water levels in the water tracks have a pronounced diurnal course in reverse phase to the water temperature variation. They are related to diurnal ground thawing dynamics. Hydrology of water tracks depends on the peat thickness, active layer properties and lithology. Water tracks formed by rubble rocks respond to a storm event with rapidly increasing water level. The deeper thawing layer, the smoother water levels rise and decrease.

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Value Orientations of Muslim Youth in the North-Western Caucasus

Minbar Islamic Studies ◽

10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-2-361-374 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 361-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olga S. Pavlova ◽

Fisura O. Semenova

Keyword(s):

Value Orientations ◽

Western Caucasus ◽

Individual Level ◽

The North ◽

Ethnic Affiliation ◽

Muslim Youth ◽

Northwestern Caucasus ◽

The Individual ◽

High Level ◽

North Western

The article describes the results of a cross-cultural empirical study of the value orientations of Muslim youth in the North-Western Caucasus. The research involved 727 respondents (Adygs – Kabardians and Circassians, Karachais, Balkars). Due to the research needs the following methods were used: the method of measuring the cultural value orientations and the method of measuring the values at the individual level (Value Survey by Shalom Shvartz), the “Ethnic affiliation” method by G.U. Soldatova. On the basis of the data obtained, a general conclusion was made. For Muslim youth in the NorthWestern Caucasus shows the high level of collectivistic values importance, but the values of Independence and Mastery are important either. The analysis of the Islamic factor in the formation of value orientations of young people, the dynamics of the correlation of collectivistic and individualistic values as well as a dynamic of changing in the collectivism types balance (the group belonging) requires further study.

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CHANGES OF FLOOD-FORMING FEATURES OF NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS BASINS IN 2000–2014

Ecology Economy Informatics System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems ◽

10.23885/2500-395x-2020-1-5-214-219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 214-219

Author(s):

I.V. Sheverdyaev ◽

Keyword(s):

Forest Cover ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Automatic Monitoring ◽

Water Levels ◽

Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Runoff Regime

The rivers of the North West Caucasus are characterized by a flood runoff regime. Floods leading to material damage occur on the rivers of the region every year. However, in the XXI century. the development of both automatic monitoring systems and the capabilities of mathematical modeling of hydrological processes make it possible to fill this gap. After the flood of 2012, a network of automatic level gauges is developing in the region, recording water levels every 10 minutes. Analysis of the accumulated archive of observations allows us to determine the features of the formation and passage of floods on the rivers of the region. Among the features of catchments that determine the transformation of precipitation into runoff in the catchment, vegetation and soil cover are distinguished. When it rains in a multi-layer forest, each layer is sequentially moistened from top to bottom. After the vegetation has been moistened, the precipitated water reaches the soil surface and some of it infiltrates into deeper soil horizons up to the waterproof layers, where it replenishes the groundwater lenses. The vegetation cover of the North West Caucasus in the foothill part is represented mainly by plowed steppes with ravine forests, and in the mountainous part – almost entirely by forests. From west to east of the region, mainly oak forests give way to beech and hornbeam forests with a higher water retention. High forest cover and widespread in the region gray, brown forest and soddy-calcareous soils have a water-holding capacity sufficient to absorb intense precipitation. A large proportion of anthropogenic landscapes in the western part of the region causes a lower capacity for absorbing precipitation and, accordingly, a greater flood hazard. Further decrease in forest cover and development of the region will increase the flood hazard.

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