scholarly journals Measuring the burden of mental illness and substance use and the level and impact of health care response in patients with spinal trauma: a record linkage study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Sharwood ◽  
Bharat Vaikuntam ◽  
Ashley Craig ◽  
James Middleton ◽  
Jesse Young
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Recurrent Event ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact

Background with rationale Traumatic spinal injuries (TSI) include column fractures, spinal cord injury, or both. They are among the most severe injuries with potential long-term physical, psychological, and social consequences. Primary causes of TSIs are falls and motor vehicle crashes, however, mental illness and substance use are known to significantly increase all injury risk. Injury is also known to increase risks of mental deterioration and physical complications including self-harm and self-neglect. Main Aim We aimed to identify comorbid mental illness and/or substance use at incident TSI, quantifying associated costs and health service management of these inequities. Methods NSW record-linkage administrative data analyses (2013-2016) will determine accurate prevalence of mental illness and/or substance use disorder among all patients who sustained acute TSI during the study period. Using recurrent event analyses, we will estimate the contributions of mental illness and/or substance use disorder on the impact on hospital acquired complications (HAC), length of stay and costs; assessing records for social work and/or psychologist consultation. Results 13,489 individuals were hospitalised with acute TSI; 21% had either mental health and/or substance use diagnoses; 8.7% had both. These patients were more likely to have experienced falls or intentional self-harm, be male and have multiple comorbidity. Acute care stay and costs were on average twice that of patients with TSI without mental health and/or substance use diagnoses; additionally they were more than twice as likely to experience HACs. Only 56% of TSI patients with these comorbid conditions in the context of TSI, had documented social work or psychologist consultation. Conclusion Patients with mental illness and/or substance use disorder, experience significant health disparities that require concerted health system attention that should begin early in acute care.

scholarly journals Social Distance from Mental Illness Among Counseling, Social Work, and Psychology Students and Helping Professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Tillman ◽  
David D. Hof ◽  
Aiste Pranckeviciene ◽  
Auksė Endriulaitienė ◽  
Rasa Markšaitytė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Helping Professionals ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Negative stereotypes of people with mental illness may lead to stigma of those with mental illness, impacting their self-confidence and willingness to seek mental health treatment. Few studies have looked at the health professional’s role and the impact they may have on the stigmatization process of people with mental illness. The purpose of this article was to better understand the concept of social distance among individuals in the helping professions of counseling, social work, and psychology. A total of 305 students and 95 professionals from counseling, social work and psychology participated in this study. Results revealed that counseling, social work, and psychology students, and helping professionals do not differ in their need for social distance from people with mental illness. Helping professionals reported significantly more social distance from people with mental health problems in close personal relationships, compared to their social relationships. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in social distance observed as a function of professional experience.

scholarly journals The impact of substance use disorder on the mental health among COVID-19 patients

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (46) ◽  
pp. e23203
Author(s):  
Yun Jin Kim ◽  
Linchao Qian ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Assessing Comorbidities and service use among patients with benzodiazepine abuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S294-S294 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cook ◽  
L. Chavez ◽  
R. Carmona ◽  
M. Alegria
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Competing Interest

Prior studies have identified that individuals with comorbid substance use disorder and mental health disorder are at a greater risk of benzodiazepine abuse compared to individuals that present with mental health disorder without an accompanying substance use disorder. These studies were conducted in predominantly white populations, and little is known if the same associations are seen in safety net health care networks. Also, the literature is mixed as to whether or not psychiatrists’ prescription of benzodiazepines places individuals at undue risk of benzodiazepine abuse.We use 2013–2015 electronic health record data from a Boston healthcare system. Patients with benzodiazapene abuse were identified if they had received treatment under the ICD-9 code 304.1. Benzodiazepine abuse was compared between patients with only mental illness and patients with existing comorbid substance and mental health disorder, in unadjusted comparisons and adjusted regression models. Covariates in regression models were used to identify subgroups at higher risk of benzodiazepine abuse.Individuals with benzodiazepine abuse had higher rates of emergency room and inpatient use than patients with other mental health and/or substance use disorders. Those with comorbid substance and mental disorder were significantly more likely than individuals with mental or substance use disorder alone to abuse benzodiazepines (P < .01). Among those with benzodiazepine abuse, 93.3% were diagnosed with a mental illness, 75.6% were diagnosed with a substance use disorder (other than benzodiazepine), and 64.4% had comorbid anxiety disorder and substance use disorder. These analyses suggest that patients with benzodiazepine abuse have complex presentations and intensive service use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Examination of Referral Source and Retention Among Women in Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Prospective Follow-Up Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Rivera ◽  
Donna Dueker ◽  
Hortensia Amaro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Treatment Retention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Referral Source ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Court Mandated ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Court-mandated substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, as compared to nonmandated treatment, has been associated with increased retention and completion. However, whether child protective services (CPS)-mandated women’s residential SUD treatment leads to improved treatment retention in comparison to criminal justice (CJ)-mandated and nonmandated treatment remains unclear. Purpose: This study compared the number of days retained in residential SUD treatment among three referral sources (CPS, CJ, and nonmandated), while also examining whether having a co-occurring mental health disorder or certain mental health characteristics (increased stress, depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomology) contributed to decreased retention. This study tested the hypothesis that women mandated by the CPS and CJ systems would have improved residential SUD treatment retention compared with nonmandated women. Methods: Multivariate regression analyses were conducted on data for a diverse sample of 245 women (Hispanic: N = 141, Black: N = 50, White: N = 50) mandated or nonmandated (CJ: N = 114, CPS: N = 82, nonmandated: N = 49) into residential SUD treatment to determine each group’s treatment retention outcomes. Results: Women mandated to SUD residential treatment regardless of source (CPS or CJ) remained in treatment significantly longer (CPS: M = 116.59 days, SD = 65.59, p = .023; CJ: M = 133.86 days, SD = 79.43, p = .028), compared to women not mandated (M = 96.11 days, SD = 72.09), representing a 34.4% and 31.6% increase, respectively. Findings further revealed a corresponding 2.3% decrease in retention (p = .024) for each one-unit increase in a patient’s stress score, whereas those with a co-occurring mental health diagnosis had a 43.6% decrease in SUD treatment retention (p < .001). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of future research that examines the impact of referral source, co-occurring mental disorders, and stress on women’s residential SUD treatment retention.Further research is needed examining the variability in external motivation among referral sources compounded by dynamic intersections of risk associated with having a co-occurring disorder and stress on treatment retention.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977988 (first posted November 30, 2016; last update posted October 7, 2019); U.S. NIH Grant/Contract: 5R01DA038648

scholarly journals 119 Disrupting the cycle of adverse childhood experiences by supporting mothers with addiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. e49-e49
Author(s):  
Sarah Gander ◽  
Sarah Campbell ◽  
Kathryn Flood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Abstract Introduction/Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including exposure to neglect, abuse and household dysfunction, have been linked to a higher risk of addiction and mental illness. As these children grow up and start families of their own, their children are at higher risk for ACEs. Evidence has shown that interventions targeting high-risk families with young children are most effective at disrupting these cyclic mechanisms, especially where maternal addiction is present. Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the predominance of generational addiction in a cohort of families impacted by maternal addiction, and to identify the potential risks that are present for the current generation of children, in terms of ACEs. Design/Methods The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was administered to women who experienced alcohol- or substance-use disorder during pregnancy. Participants were asked about their family’s history of addiction and if anyone in a given category (i.e. maternal grandmother, mother’s brother) has been affected by either alcohol- or substance-use disorder. Furthermore, existing conditions that are risk factors for ACEs in the current generation were identified (i.e. addiction, incarceration of a family member, domestic violence, mental illness). Results Many participants reported that at least one of their maternal (68.9%) or fraternal (42.2%) grandparent was impacted by addiction. The subsequent generation was similarly impacted with most participants reporting the presence of addiction in their father and/or his siblings (88.9%) and their mother and/or her siblings (86.7%) Participants report that they experienced an average of seven ACEs (M = 7.13, SD = 2.501) before their 18th birthday. Of this cohort, 53.35% have been incarcerated at least once, 91.1% have been hit by a sexual partner, and 44.4% have been diagnosed with at least one mental health issue. All participants have personally experienced addiction. Conclusion The participants of this study are clients of the Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP), a three-year intervention that supports families impacted by maternal addiction. Given the results of the current study, it is evident that growing up in a home where addiction is present increases the risk of ACEs and future addiction and mental health issues. The PCAP intervention is designed to disrupt this cycle and help families to create a healthier family environment.

Reducing the Mental Health–Related Stigma of Social Work Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rubio-Valera ◽  
Ignacio Aznar-Lou ◽  
Mireia Vives-Collet ◽  
Ana Fernández ◽  
Montserrat Gil-Girbau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a social contact and education intervention to improve attitudes to mental illness in first-year social work students. This was a 3-month cluster randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms: intervention (87) and control group (79). The intervention was a workshop led by an OBERTAMENT activist (a person with a mental illness trained in communication skills and empowerment by a social worker). We assessed intended future behavior toward people with mental illness, personal and perceived stigma, and mental health–related attitudes (self-reported questionnaire). The intervention improved social work students’ attitudes ( d ≈ 0.50, p < .05) and reduced personal stigma toward people with mental illness ( d = 0.35, p = .04) as well as improving their future intended behavior 2 weeks after the intervention ( d = 0.51, p = .01). The intervention impact on authoritarian attitudes toward people with schizophrenia was maintained after 3 months ( d = 0.94, p = .01). Long-term impact needs to be improved.

scholarly journals Opportunities to Integrate Mobile App–Based Interventions Into Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Services in the Wake of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110553
Author(s):  
Derek D. Satre ◽  
Meredith C. Meacham ◽  
Lauren D. Asarnow ◽  
Weston S. Fisher ◽  
Lisa R. Fortuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened concerns about the impact of depression, anxiety, alcohol, and drug use on public health. Mobile apps to address these problems were increasingly popular even before the pandemic, and may help reach people who otherwise have limited treatment access. In this review, we describe pandemic-related substance use and mental health problems, the growing evidence for mobile app efficacy, how health systems can integrate apps into patient care, and future research directions. If equity in access and effective implementation can be addressed, mobile apps are likely to play an important role in mental health and substance use disorder treatment.

scholarly journals The impact of substance use on treatment as a compulsory patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Ruth Vine ◽  
Holly Tibble ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Matthew Spittal ◽  
Fiona Judd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Order ◽  
Community Treatment Order

Objectives: This paper considers the impact of having a diagnosis of substance use disorder on the utilisation of compulsory orders under the Victorian Mental Health Act (2014). Methods: We analysed the subsequent treatment episodes over 2 years of people who had been on a community treatment order for at least 3 months and determined the odds of a further treatment order if there was a diagnosis of substance use at or about the time the index community treatment order ended. Results: An additional diagnosis of a substance use disorder was coded in 47.7% and was associated with significantly increased odds of a subsequent treatment order in the following 2 years for those with a main diagnosis of schizophrenia (AOR = 3.03, p<0.001) and ‘other’ disorders (AOR = 11.60, p=0.002). Those with a main diagnosis of mood disorder had a significant increase in odds for an inpatient treatment order if there was an additional substance use disorder diagnosis (AOR = 3.81, p=0.006). Conclusions: Having an additional diagnosis of substance use disorder was associated with increased likelihood of being placed on an order. This study supports greater emphasis being given to treatment of substance use concurrently with that of mental illness.

How the prison-to-community transition risk environment influences the experience of men with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Denton ◽  
Michele Foster ◽  
Robert Bland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Mental Health Systems ◽  
Community Transition

Previous research has established that people with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorder leaving prison have multiple and complex health, social and economic challenges. How the criminal justice and mental health systems influence the individual prison-to-community transition experience of this population is less well understood. This paper draws on unique qualitative data from a study of 18 men with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder leaving prison in Queensland, Australia. A repeat in-depth interview method was used to explore the experiences of the men in prison just prior to release and at two points post-release. Two themes are discussed from analysis of interviews: “risk behaviour and relapse” and “once a criminal always a risk”. The findings suggest that individual risk behaviour is structured within a transition risk environment that reduces individual agency, thus facilitating a vicious cycle of release, relapse and reincarceration.

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