scholarly journals Evaluation of Cultivated and Wild Brinjal Germplasm against Bacterial Wilt Disease with Tollinterleukin-1 Receptors (TIR)-NBS-LRR Type R-gene Specific Degenerate Primer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-678
Author(s):  
S. Hansda ◽  
◽  
I. Jamir ◽  
K. Pramanik ◽  
J. Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Degenerate Primer ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Sequence Database ◽  
Wild Genotype ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The experiment was conducted at C-Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India during 2017–18 to screen eight brinjal germplasm lines against BW disease using tollinterleukin-1 receptors (TIR)-NBS-LRR type R-gene specific degenerate primer. The study showed that wild genotype S. torvum was highly resistant to bacterial wilt incidence with no wilting symptom whereas two cultivated genotypes (Utkal Anushree and Utkal Madhuri) and one wild genotype S. sisymbriifolium were found to be resistant to BW disease. Out of the 7 germplasm sequences, 2 had no match with R-genes whereas the remaining 5 sequences have 70-93% homology with R-genes of other plant species submitted in Gene Bank sequence database. Nearly 90% sequence identity of brinjal NBS-LRR RGA was found by analyzing through BLASTn with NBS-LRR RGAs of other solanaceous crops. Two cultivated resistant genotypes (Utkal Madhuri and Utkal Tarini) were similar to the wild resistant type S. sisymbriifloium, while cultivable resistant genotype Utkal Anushree was highly different at sequence level. Two cultivable susceptible genotypes (BCB-30 and Garia) showed high level of similarity among them and they were strongly associated with the wild susceptible genotype S. macrocarpum. Two cultivable genotypes Utkal Anushree and Utkal Madhuri could be utilized in future breeding programme and two wild genotypes S. torvum and S. sisymbriifolium could be used as resistant rootstocks in brinjal grafting.

scholarly journals Resistance of determinant tomato varieties to the causal agents of bacterial wilt disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Jana Víchová ◽  
R. Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Level

Resistance of determinant tomato varieties to pathogens causing bacterial wilt disease – Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) and Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) – was tested under greenhouse conditions. In tests to Cmm resistance, two inoculation methods were compared (inoculation “to the cut off top” of a plant and inoculation by three punctures into a stalk). The inoculation method “into a stalk” appeared to be most suitable. In both cases of inoculation, the highest level of resistance was found in Minigold variety. The rather high level of resistance was also found in varieties Aneta and Orange. In tests to Rs resistance, the most resistant varieties were Minigold, Aneta and Orange, which are recommended for direct consumption.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization Of Rice R Genes: Evidence for Distinct Evolutionary Paths in Rice and Maize

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Hu ◽  
Beth Anderson ◽  
Susan R Wessler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Undetermined Function ◽  
Evolutionary Paths

Abstract R and B genes and their homologues encode basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional activators that regulate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in flowering plants. In maize, R/B genes comprise a very small gene family whose organization reflects the unique evolutionary history and genome architecture of maize. To know whether the organization of the R gene family could provide information about the origins of the distantly related grass rice, we characterized members of the R gene family from rice Oryza sativa. Despite being a true diploid, O. sativa has at least two R genes. An active homologue (Ra) with extensive homology with other R genes is located at a position on chromosome 4 previously shown to be in synteny with regions of maize chromosomes 2 and 10 that contain the B and R loci, respectively. A second rice R gene (Rb) of undetermined function was identified on chromosome 1 and found to be present only in rice species with AA genomes. All non-AA species have but one R gene that is Ra-like. These data suggest that the common ancestor shared by maize and rice had a single R gene and that the small R gene families of grasses have arisen recently and independently.

scholarly journals Recent Findings Unravel Genes and Genetic Factors Underlying Leptosphaeria maculans Resistance in Brassica napus and Its Relatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Aldrin Y. Cantila ◽  
Nur Shuhadah Mohd Saad ◽  
Junrey C. Amas ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Jacqueline Batley
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Blackleg Resistance ◽  
Avr Gene

Among the Brassica oilseeds, canola (Brassica napus) is the most economically significant globally. However, its production can be limited by blackleg disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Lepstosphaeria maculans. The deployment of resistance genes has been implemented as one of the key strategies to manage the disease. Genetic resistance against blackleg comes in two forms: qualitative resistance, controlled by a single, major resistance gene (R gene), and quantitative resistance (QR), controlled by numerous, small effect loci. R-gene-mediated blackleg resistance has been extensively studied, wherein several genomic regions harbouring R genes against L. maculans have been identified and three of these genes were cloned. These studies advance our understanding of the mechanism of R gene and pathogen avirulence (Avr) gene interaction. Notably, these studies revealed a more complex interaction than originally thought. Advances in genomics help unravel these complexities, providing insights into the genes and genetic factors towards improving blackleg resistance. Here, we aim to discuss the existing R-gene-mediated resistance, make a summary of candidate R genes against the disease, and emphasise the role of players involved in the pathogenicity and resistance. The comprehensive result will allow breeders to improve resistance to L. maculans, thereby increasing yield.

Evaluation of seed associated endophytic bacteria from tolerant chilli cv. Firingi Jolokia for their biocontrol potential against bacterial wilt disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 126751
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Dowarah ◽  
Heena Agarwal ◽  
Debasish B Krishnatreya ◽  
Pankaj Losan Sharma ◽  
Nilamjyoti Kalita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Needs Motility for Invasive Virulence on Tomato

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (12) ◽  
pp. 3597-3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Tans-Kersten ◽  
Huayu Huang ◽  
Caitilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Virulence Assay ◽  
Flagellar Filament

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum, a widely distributed and economically important plant pathogen, invades the roots of diverse plant hosts from the soil and aggressively colonizes the xylem vessels, causing a lethal wilting known as bacterial wilt disease. By examining bacteria from the xylem vessels of infected plants, we found thatR. solanacearum is essentially nonmotile in planta, although it can be highly motile in culture. To determine the role of pathogen motility in this disease, we cloned, characterized, and mutated two genes in the R. solanacearum flagellar biosynthetic pathway. The genes for flagellin, the subunit of the flagellar filament (fliC), and for the flagellar motor switch protein (fliM) were isolated based on their resemblance to these proteins in other bacteria. As is typical for flagellins, the predicted FliC protein had well-conserved N- and C-terminal regions, separated by a divergent central domain. The predicted R. solanacearum FliM closely resembled motor switch proteins from other proteobacteria. Chromosomal mutants lackingfliC or fliM were created by replacing the genes with marked interrupted constructs. Since fliM is embedded in the fliLMNOPQR operon, the aphAcassette was used to make a nonpolar fliM mutation. Both mutants were completely nonmotile on soft agar plates, in minimal broth, and in tomato plants. The fliC mutant lacked flagella altogether; moreover, sheared-cell protein preparations from the fliC mutant lacked a 30-kDa band corresponding to flagellin. The fliM mutant was usually aflagellate, but about 10% of cells had abnormal truncated flagella. In a biologically representative soil-soak inoculation virulence assay, both nonmotile mutants were significantly reduced in the ability to cause disease on tomato plants. However, the fliC mutant had wild-type virulence when it was inoculated directly onto cut tomato petioles, an inoculation method that did not require bacteria to enter the intact host from the soil. These results suggest that swimming motility makes its most important contribution to bacterial wilt virulence in the early stages of host plant invasion and colonization.

scholarly journals Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khallouk ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
Joël Polidori ◽  
Cyril Van Ghelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Resistance Breakdown ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Prunus Spp

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession ‘P.2175’, which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × [‘Garfi’ almond × ‘Nemared’ peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.

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