scholarly journals A Constructivist Institutionalism Perspective of Disaster and Crisis Countermeasure in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Darmastuti
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Tsunami Earthquakes ◽  
Constructivist Perspective ◽  
Exogenous Factors

As a country that lies in the area known as the Ring of Fire, Indonesia is prone to many disasters and the aftermaths of such crises, from low-scale earthquake events up to mega-magnitude tsunami, earthquakes and volcanoes. The current Covid-19 pandemic is another disaster in mega magnitude scale that the country must deal with.  Research on disaster risk reduction and management has been conducted, yet little is known about how governments, as the most important actor in disaster countermeasures, develop their institutions based on unpredictable exogenous factors.  This study aims to critically analyse disaster and crisis countermeasures in Indonesia based on a constructivist perspective.  The data for this qualitative study were mainly collected through document studies, together with some interviews.  The mega-crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the establishment of long-term national, provincial, local, and lower level task forces all over Indonesia.  This kind of institutional arrangement has never previously been developed in the country, not even after the 2006 mega-tsunami which hit various provinces and led to a huge death toll of over 100,000. The study shows that although the institutional arrangements for disaster countermeasures in Indonesia are based on the same law, the implementation of institutional structures and practices as disaster countermeasures vary greatly. 

scholarly journals A rights-based analysis of disaster risk reduction framework in Zimbabwe and its implications for policy and practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathias P. Bongo ◽  
Paul Chipangura ◽  
Mkhokheli Sithole ◽  
Funa Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Potential Benefits

This paper examines closely the institutional arrangements for disaster risk reduction from a rights-based perspective. In Zimbabwe, the disaster risk reduction framework and the ensuing practice have not yet accommodated some of the most vulnerable and excluded groups, especially the terminally ill, people with disabilities and the very poor. Top-down approaches to disaster management have largely been blamed for lack of resilience and poor preparedness on the part of sections of society that are hard hit by disasters. Often, disaster risk reduction has also been modeled along the needs and priorities of able-bodied people, whilst largely excluding those with various forms of impairments. Against this background, this paper is based on field research on people’s disaster risk experiences in four districts of Zimbabwe, with a special emphasis on the disaster risk reduction framework. It provides a critical analysis of the disaster risk reduction framework in Zimbabwe, focusing on the various forms of disadvantages to different categories of people that the current framework has tended to generate. The paper thus examines the current disaster risk reduction framework as largely informed by the Civil Protection Act and the Disaster Risk Management Policy Draft as revised in 2011. Crucial at this stage is the need to interrogate the disaster risk reduction framework, right from formulation processes with regard to participation and stakeholders, particularly the grassroots people who bear the greatest brunt of vulnerability, shocks, stresses and trends. In conclusion, the paper stresses the potential benefits of adopting an inclusive, rights-based thrust to disaster risk reduction in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Twenty years of community-based disaster risk reduction experience from a dryland village in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan A. Lassa ◽  
Yos Boli ◽  
Yulius Nakmofa ◽  
Silvia Fanggidae ◽  
Alex Ofong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
High Level

Academics and practitioners often argue indirectly that all the roads to community resilience should be paved with community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) approach. Community-based approach to resilience building has been a discursive material that appeals many disaster management players including international donors, non-governmental organisations and high-level government officials as well as politicians. Some researchers argue that CBDRR is the foundation of disaster risk governance. Unfortunately, globally, there is lack of studies on long-term and real-world experience of CBDRR. This article addresses this research gap by providing insights of CBDRR activities from a village in eastern Indonesia based on long-term studies. The adoption of CBDRR approach in Indonesia took place in the late 1990s and the authors have been part of the early adopters of the framework. Using longitudinal participant observations, this research combined qualitative and quantitative data collected during 1998–2017. It shows the rise and fall of a community responding to disaster risks over time. The article further highlights stories of frustrations and celebrations that surround CBDRR activities implemented by one local community in a dryland village in eastern Indonesia.

Managed Retreat in Practice: Mechanisms and Challenges for Implementation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hanna ◽  
Iain White ◽  
Bruce Glavovic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Land Use Patterns

Managed retreat is a deliberate strategy to remedy unsustainable land use patterns that expose people, ecosystems, and assets to significant natural (and socio-natural) hazard and climate induced risks. The term is all-encompassing, broadly capturing planned relocation in the fields of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, as well as managed retreat or realignment in coastal management and environmental planning practice. Managed retreat helps to ensure that people and the resources they value are no longer exposed to extreme events and to the adverse impacts of slow-onset environmental change. Distinct from migration and displacement, managed retreat is the strategically planned withdrawal from development in risky spaces. It can be applied at a range of spatial scales, in an anticipatory, staged, or reactive manner. Unlike traditional risk management alternatives, managed retreat affords space to natural processes and minimizes long-term maintenance and emergency management costs. While it has great promise as a sustainable disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategy, there are a number of socio-political-cultural, environmental, economic, and institutional barriers affecting its implementation, particularly in contexts with extensive existing development. There may also be significant challenges in integrating relocated and receiving communities. In practice, people are deeply connected to, and reliant upon, the security, networks and cultural values of their lands, homes, communities, and livelihoods. To realize the long-term benefits, managed retreat needs to be considered as an integrated approach that uses information, regulation, and various financial levers in a strategic manner, and recognizes the need to work alongside communities in a fair, transparent, and inclusive way.

scholarly journals Livelihood resilience and adaptive capacity: A critical conceptual review

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Admire M. Nyamwanza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Livelihood Resilience ◽  
Term Response

The concepts resilience and adaptive capacity have gained currency in ecology, climate change, disaster risk reduction and related development discourse; yet there has been almost an absence of clarity in the understanding, substance, definition as well as applicability of these concepts in livelihoods theory and practice – where they can potentially contribute far-reaching insights vis-à-vis long-term response to livelihoods adversity in different communities. Drawing upon literature from several disciplines utilising these concepts, this article traces the roots and evolvement of the resilience and adaptive capacity concepts and suggests indicators and pillar processes towards their integration into livelihoods thinking. This article therefore mainly contributes towards the conceptualisation and understanding of a focused ‘resilience and adaptive capacity’ construct in livelihoods analysis.

scholarly journals Linking Disaster Risk Reduction and Healthcare in Locations with Limited Accessibility: Challenges and Opportunities of Participatory Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Ilan Kelman ◽  
Myles Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Resources Planning

Disaster risk reduction and healthcare support each other, including the mitigation of further harm after illness or injury. These connections are particularly relevant in locations which have permanent or temporary limited accessibility. In these circumstances, people are required to be self-sufficient in providing emergency and long-term healthcare with limited resources. Planning and preparing to mitigate further harm after illness or injury from disasters (disaster risk reduction) must include people living and working in locations with limited accessibility, meaning that participatory research can be used. The challenges and opportunities of enacting participatory research in such contexts have not been thoroughly examined. The research question of this paper is therefore, “What challenges and opportunities occur when participatory research links disaster risk reduction and healthcare to mitigate illness and injury in locations with limited accessibility?” To answer this research question, the method used is a qualitative evidence synthesis, combined with an overview paper approach. Two principal themes of challenges and opportunities are examined: defining the data and collecting the data. The themes are explored in theory and then through contextual examples. The conclusion is that an overarching challenge is divergent goals of research and actions that, when recognized, lead to opportunities for improved connections between disaster risk reduction and healthcare.

scholarly journals Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation—A Sustainable Development Systems Perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Burns ◽  
Nora Machado
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Social System ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Systems Perspective

This article considers the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development in relation to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. We conceptualize sustainability from a social systemic perspective, that is, from a perspective that encompasses the multiple functionalities of a social system and their interrelationships in particular environmental contexts. The systems perspective is applied in our consideration and analysis of disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA), and sustainable development (SD). Section 1 introduces briefly sustainability and sustainable development, followed by a brief presentation of the theory of complex social systems (Section 2). The theory conceptualizes interdependent subsystems, their multiple functionalities, and the agential and systemic responses to internal and external stressors on a social system. Section 3 considers disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA), emerging in response to one or more systemic stressors. It illustrates these with disaster risk reduction in the cases of food and chemical security regulation in the EU. CCA is illustrated by initiatives and developments on the island of Gotland, Sweden and in the Gothenburg Metropolitan area, which go beyond a limited CCA perspective, taking into account long-term sustainability issues. Section 4 discusses the limitations of DRR and CCA, not only their technical limitations but economic, socio-cultural, and political limitations, as informed from a sustainability perspective. It is argued that DRRs are only partial subsystems and must be considered and assessed in the context of a more encompassing systemic perspective. Part of the discussion is focused on the distinction between sustainable and non-sustainable DRRs and CCAs. Section 5 presents a few concluding remarks about the importance of a systemic perspective in analyzing DRR and CCA as well as other similar subsystems in terms of sustainable development.

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