Pollination, Mating, and Reproduction in Plants
This chapter examines pollination, mating, and reproduction in plants. Plant reproduction can be either sexual or asexual, but the generation of new variants (which is the underlying necessity for adaptation to new or changing conditions and for evolutionary change) requires that at some point in the life cycle sexual reproduction occurs. In the case of angiosperms, the pollen grain is the male gamete, the equivalent of a spore in simpler plants. The ovule (egg) contains the female gamete. The chapter first provides an overview of plant fertilization before discussing plant sex and plant mating systems. It then considers the benefits of cross-fertilization and self-fertilization in plants, along with methods for avoiding selfing within a flower. It also describes methods for avoiding selfing between flowers within a plant and concludes with an analysis of methods for ensuring selfing.