Cross-fertilization as a reproductive strategy in a tissue flukesDidymosulcus katsuwonicola(Platyhelmintes: Didymozoidae) inferred by genetic analysis

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 1422-1429
Author(s):  
IVONA MLADINEO ◽  
MARINA TOMAŠ ◽  
RINO STANIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
High Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Successful Fulfillment ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Host Tissues

SUMMARYMitochondrial DNA locus cytochrome oxidase I was used to asses intraspecific genetic diversity of a didymozoid speciesDidymosulcus katsuwonicola.Adult forms of this species live encapsulated in pairs in the gills of the reared Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). The life cycle of this food-borne parasites and its migration in the host tissues after releasing from the digestive tract to the definitive site in the gills are unknown. Our goal was to assess whether two encysted didymozoids share the same haplotype, indicative of a common maternal origin, as well as the extent of cross- in respect to self-fertilization strategy. Intraspecific comparison showed high haplotype diversity, while the presence of two matching haplotypes within a single cyst encompassed only 17% of sampled individuals. This infers that cross-fertilization between paired individuals within the cyst is more common mechanism than self-fertilization. Such hermaphroditic parasite's trait suggests the existence of intricate infection and reproduction mechanisms, presumably as an adaptation for successful fulfillment of their indirect life cycle through dissemination of genetically more diverse and consequently more fit offspring.

scholarly journals Serological estimation of the level of cross-fertilization in the monoecious liverwort Pellia epiphylla n = 9

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
Wiesław Prus-Głowacki ◽  
Roman Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Using protein antigens as markers, antigenic differentiation of progenies obtained from individual sporangia was examined. The experiments were expected to permit estimation of cross-fertilization frequency in the monoecious liverwort species, <em>Pellia epiphylla</em>, n = 9. The results obtained indicated segregation into two serological types, i.e. pointed to cross-fertilization, in approximately, 80% progenies. In correlation with electrophoretic studies, employing two peroxidase alleles and two shikimic acid dehydrogenase alleles as markers, the result made possible the establishment of cross-fertilization frequency at approximately 93% The data may indicate an absence of self-fertilization in this liverwort species and, thus, self-incompatibility. This may be included among the facors responsible for maintenance of genetic variability in populations of this species, in which haplophase is the prevalent phase of its life-cycle.

Pollination, Mating, and Reproduction in Plants

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Willmer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Evolutionary Change ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Plant Mating Systems ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Plant Sex

This chapter examines pollination, mating, and reproduction in plants. Plant reproduction can be either sexual or asexual, but the generation of new variants (which is the underlying necessity for adaptation to new or changing conditions and for evolutionary change) requires that at some point in the life cycle sexual reproduction occurs. In the case of angiosperms, the pollen grain is the male gamete, the equivalent of a spore in simpler plants. The ovule (egg) contains the female gamete. The chapter first provides an overview of plant fertilization before discussing plant sex and plant mating systems. It then considers the benefits of cross-fertilization and self-fertilization in plants, along with methods for avoiding selfing within a flower. It also describes methods for avoiding selfing between flowers within a plant and concludes with an analysis of methods for ensuring selfing.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Selected African Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eniola Abe ◽  
Yun-Hai Guo ◽  
Haimo Shen ◽  
Masceline Mutsaka-Makuvaza ◽  
Mohamed Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Bulinus Truncatus ◽  
High Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

The transmission of some schistosome parasites is dependent on the planorbid snail hosts. Bulinus truncatus is important in urinary schistosomiasis epidemiology in Africa. Hence, there is a need to define the snails’ phylogeography. This study assessed the population genetic structure of B. truncatus from Giza and Sharkia (Egypt), Barakat (Sudan) and Madziwa, Shamva District (Zimbabwe) using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) markers. COI was sequenced from 94 B. truncatus samples including 38 (Egypt), 36 (Sudan) and 20 (Zimbabwe). However, only 51 ITS 1 sequences were identified from Egypt (28) and Sudan (23) (because of failure in either amplification or sequencing). The unique COI haplotypes of B. truncatus sequences observed were 6, 11, and 6 for Egypt, Sudan, and Zimbabwe, respectively. Also, 3 and 2 unique ITS 1 haplotypes were observed in sequences from Egypt and Sudan respectively. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from Sudan and Zimbabwe indicated high haplotype diversity with 0.768 and 0.784, respectively, while relatively low haplotype diversity was also observed for sequences from Egypt (0.334). The location of populations from Egypt and Sudan on the B. truncatus clade agrees with the location of both countries geographically. The clustering of the Zimbabwe sequences on different locations on the clade can be attributed to individuals with different genotypes within the population. No significant variation was observed within B. truncatus populations from Egypt and Sudan as indicated by the ITS 1 tree. This study investigated the genetic diversity of B. truncatus from Giza and Sharkia (Egypt), Barakat area (Sudan), and Madziwa (Zimbabwe), which is necessary for snail host surveillance in the study areas and also provided genomic data of this important snail species from the sampled countries.

scholarly journals REALIS: Postgenomic Analysis ofListeria monocytogenes

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Kärst ◽  
The REALIS Consortium
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Health Care Managers ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Oflisteria Monocytogenes ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Host Tissues

Listeria monocytogenesis a remarkably successful food-borne pathogen. It is capable a) of surviving and proliferating under conditions that exist within the food chain, such as at low temperatures, high salt and low pH and b) of colonizing animal host tissues after ingestion of contaminated food, causing opportunistic infections mainly, but not exclusively, in immunocompromised hosts. The ultimate goals of REALIS are two fold: Firstly, it aims to completely decipher all genes required for survival in and adaptation ofListeria monocytogenesto two very different environments, ie., the infected host and the external environment. Secondly, using genomics and postgenomic tools, REALIS seeks to precisely address fundamental questions regarding evolutionary relationships between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria and to define qualities of particularly successful clonal pathovariants in causing disease. This project will provide both industry and health care managers with rational approaches to curbing food-borne contamination, minimising risks of infection and providing novel pharmacological approaches for halting the fulminant course of infection.

Flower drop and fruit set in field beans, Vicia faba L.

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kambal
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Field Beans

SUMMARYThe percentage of the total buds produced that dropped before reaching the mature pod stage was estimated as 86·7% in Baladi, a local strain of field beans, and 93·7% in Giza 1, a variety introduced from Egypt. The drop was appreciable both before and after fertilization. There were indications that both inadequate insect pollination and inter-ovary competition contributed to the reduction of pod yield.Self pollen was detected on the stigma in the bud stage 2–3 days before the flower was open. Estimates of natural cross-fertilization ranged from 35·8 to 42·1%, indicating that self-pollination did not lead to complete self fertilization. Hand manipulation of the flowers increased pod set in most of the cases but the line 1W did not respond to this treatment and proved to be highly autofertile.

scholarly journals SELF-FERTILIZATION VERSUS CROSS-FERTILIZATION IN THE HERMAPHRODITIC FRESHWATER SNAIL BULINUS GLOBOSUS

Evolution ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1136-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Jarne ◽  
Luc Finot ◽  
Bernard Delay ◽  
Louis Thaler
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Bulinus Globosus ◽  
Cross Fertilization

scholarly journals VARIASI GENETIK TIGA POPULASI IKAN NILA ( Oreochromis niloticus ) BERDASARKAN POLIMORFISME mt-DNA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Otong Zenal Arifin ◽  
Titin Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
High Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

Penelitian untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik tiga populasi ikan nila telah dilakukan di Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar, Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi variasi genetik ikan nila populasi GET, GIFT, dan nila Danau Tempe sebagai informasi dasar bagi program seleksi karakter kuantitatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ikan nila GET, GIFT, dan nila Danau Tempe memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi dengan nilai haplotype diversity berturut-turut sebesar 0,7579; 0,5895; dan 0,5333. Jarak genetik terdekat terdapat antara ikan nila GIFT dan nila Danau Tempe, sedangkan jarak genetik terjauh terdapat pada ikan nila GET dengan populasi Danau Tempe.Research on evaluating genetic diversity between three populations of nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) was conducted at Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture, Bogor. This research aimed to obtain preliminary information related with the genetic diversity of GET, GIFT, and Tempe Lake tilapia, which will be used as basic information for the future selective breeding program. Result showed that GET, GIFT, and Tempe Lake tilapia have high haplotype diversity of 0.7579, 0.5895, and 0.5333 respectively. The closest genetic distance was found between GIFT and Tempe Lake tilapia, while the farthest genetic distance was observed between GET and the Tempe Lake population.

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