Ideology and Theories of International Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Erik Voeten
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Liberal Internationalism ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Ideological Space ◽  
Low Dimensional

This chapter explains how the book's theoretical framework contrasts with and complements existing theories of international institutions. It discusses four families of theories: functionalism, rational institutionalism, liberal internationalism, and constructivism. These theoretical frameworks yield meaningful insights about important aspects of the post-World War II multilateral order. Yet they can be enriched by conceptualizing multilateralism in terms of cooperation and competition in a low-dimensional ideological space. Functionalists and their intellectual descendants understand institutionalization as an incremental process driven by interdependencies and the spillover effects from previous institutionalization. Rational institutionalists argue that states delegate authority to international institutions in order to solve strategic problems that prevent states from reaping collective gains. Liberal internationalist theorists argue that the post-World War II multilateral order reflects the values and priorities of the United States. Finally, constructivists have long emphasized the ideational foundations of multilateral institutions. However, they have focused on norms, culture, and identities rather than ideology as the basis for doing so.

Business History at the Hagley Museum and Library

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nash
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
New Deal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Business History ◽  
World War ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Post World War Ii

From its beginnings in the private library of Pierre S. du Pont, the Hagley Museum and Library has grown into a leading resource for business historians, particularly for those interested in the development of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. In this thorough description of the Hagley's collections, Dr. Nash demonstrates the breadth and depth of its holdings, from the papers of the eighteenth-century Physiocrats to those of New Deal and post-World War II companies and business leaders.

Japan

2019 ◽  
pp. 319-340
Author(s):  
Mogami Toshiki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Tribunal ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
Unequal Treaties

This chapter examines international law in Japan. It begins by looking at Japan’s embroilment with international law in the course of its efforts to revise the unequal treaties which had been concluded with about a dozen Occidental states while Japan was categorized as one of the ‘barbarian’ states in the world. After gradually overcoming this unequal status, it became a late-coming big power around the end of World War I. This big power then plunged into World War II, with the result that it was then branded an aggressor state and was penalized in an international tribunal. After that defeat, it turned into both a serious complier of new—that is, post-World War II—international law and a state deeply obedient to the United States. These factors have brought about complex international law behaviour as well as serious constraints in Japan’s choice of international law action.

Reconnecting Household and Community

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN H. SCANZONI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Talcott Parsons ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
End Point

The aim of this article is to sketch the outlines of a social and spatial arrangement linking the household with its neighborhood. The fundamental theoretical and policy issue considered here is the sufficiency of the model of household isolation that has prevailed in the United States since the post-World War II era. Contrary to Talcott Parsons, who viewed that model as the end point of family evolution, critics at the time perceived it as having serious structural flaws. They argued for the reinvention of a meso layer of society linking the household more closely with its neighborhood. This article elaborates that theme by suggesting four spheres in which households might form pacts or alliances. These include gender, children/youth, mature persons, and economic disadvantage. To be fully implemented, the last issue in particular requires a partnership of some type with government.

The Linguistic Society of America and North American Linguistics, 1950–1968

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archibald A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The University ◽  
Annual Summer

Summary The author, Secretary-Treasurer of the Linguistic Society of America during the crucial phase of the post-World War II growth of linguistics as an autonomous academic speciality, 1950–1968, reports on the events that shaped the LSA and the discipline in North America in general. Whereas the Society counted only 829 members, individual and institutional, in 1950, the total number had risen to 4,375 by 1968. The author narrates, in a year-by-year manner, the acitivities that held the Society together during this period and furthered the exchange of ideas among the different generations of linguists, namely, (1) the annual meetings, traditionally held at the end of December, at which both established scholars and fledgling researchers presented papers and had them discussed; (2) the annual summer institutes, first held for a number of years in a row at the University of Michigan and subsequently at several other campuses in the United States, and (3) the publication of Language, the Society’s organ, ably edited by Bernard Bloch from 1941 until his death in 1965.

International Regimes: Toward a New Theory of Institutions

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oran R. Young
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Regimes ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
International Level ◽  
World War ◽  
Sustained Effort

The current burst of work on regimes or, more broadly, on international institutions, reflects an emerging sense—especially among Americans—that the international order engineered by the United States and its allies in the aftermath of World War II is eroding rapidly and may even be on the verge of collapse. But is the resultant surge of scholarly work on international regimes any more likely to yield lasting contributions to knowledge than have other recent fashions in the field of international relations? The jury will remain out until a sustained effort is made to evaluate the significance of regimes or institutions more broadly, as determinants of collective behavior at the international level.

scholarly journals The Polish American narratives, memories and identities in the historian’s job

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Joanna Wojdon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American History ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Official Sources

The article concerns different kinds of “personal” (in contrast to “official”) sources used by historians dealing with the post-World War II Polish American history. The Author considers advantages and shortcomings of analyzing personal correspondence, personal memos, diaries and memoirs, formal and informal interviews and other oral testimonies, but also difficulties and problems they bring to a researcher. Studying those types of source is however often crucial in the absence of official archival documents reflecting e.g. the ethnic identity of the large group of the Americans of Polish descent, or the backstage of the process of their assimilation and organization in the United States.

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