Vikings on the Plains of Chryse and Utopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
David A. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Martian Atmosphere ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
First Time

This chapter refers to Viking 1, which landed on the Plains of Gold, Chryse Planitia, on Mars on July 20, 1976, followed by Viking 2, which touched down on Utopia Planitia, six weeks later. It details the landing of the two Vikings in two different locations, which allowed human-directed science experiments to take place for the first time on the surface of Mars. It also mentions the planetary scientists who discovered that the Martian atmosphere was thin and mostly made of carbon dioxide. The chapter describes the Mariner-imaging surveys of the surface of Mars, which shows the planet covered with cratered plains, a small number of enormous volcanoes, and a significant number of narrow features that looked like ancient, dried-out riverbeds and lengthy outwash channels. It confirms whether the atmosphere of Mars contains any nitrogen, as the gas is critical to life on Earth.

Research of Graphic User Interface of Carbon Dioxide Emission Evaluation Model in Construction Life Cycle Based on Matlab

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Xue Hong Gan ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shi Mei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Graphic User Interface ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Management Responsibility ◽  
Residential Quarter ◽  
First Time

To build carbon dioxide emission evaluation model in construction life cycle is the key link to make low-carbon research of theoretical studies head towards practical application. For the first time, residential quarter is selected as the object in the study, carbon dioxide emission management responsibility of owner and property being considered and carbon dioxide emission evaluation model in construction life cycle based on matlab as well as database of carbon dioxide factor being built initially. Net carbon dioxide emission information will be shown timely, then carbon dioxide emission and absorption can be adjusted by property management accordingly.

scholarly journals Low-temperature and purification-free stereocontrolled ring-opening polymerisation of lactide in supercritical carbon dioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 2197-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Bassett ◽  
Andrew D. Russell ◽  
Paul McKeown ◽  
Isabel Robinson ◽  
Thomas R. Forder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Free Ring ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

A stereoselective, solvent-free ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of lactide (LA) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is reported for the first time.

scholarly journals Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol using a homogeneous ruthenium–Triphos catalyst: from mechanistic investigations to multiphase catalysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 693-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wesselbaum ◽  
Verena Moha ◽  
Markus Meuresch ◽  
Sandra Brosinski ◽  
Katharina M. Thenert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanistic Investigations ◽  
Organometallic Catalyst ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co

The hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using a recyclable molecular organometallic catalyst in the absence of an alcohol additive is demonstrated for the first time.

Carbon Dioxide-Promoted Three-Component Strecker Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan V. Fauziev ◽  
Roman E. Ivanov ◽  
Ilya Kuchurov ◽  
Sergei Grigorievich Zlotin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Strecker Reaction ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Three-component Strecker reaction of aldehydes, amines and KCN has been performed for the first time in supercritical carbon dioxide. In the proposed procedure non-toxic and non-flammable carbon dioxide acts not...

A phenanthroline-based porous organic polymer for the iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formate

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 14019-14026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunniya Hariyanandam Gunasekar ◽  
Sungho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Selective Catalyst ◽  
Porous Organic Polymer ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogenation Of Co

A novel phenanthroline-functionalized porous organic polymer (phen-POP) has been designed, and prepared for the first time without other reactive functional groups in the polymer skeleton. Post-synthetic metalation of phen-POP with IrCl3 afforded a single-site, highly active and selective catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to formate.

scholarly journals The Position of Solid Carbon Dioxide in the Triboelectric Series

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyang Zhang ◽  
Simone Ciampi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
First Time ◽  
Charge Sign ◽  
Positively Charged

The process of releasing liquid carbon dioxide from a fire extinguisher is accompanied by a strong static charging of the plastic material making up the extinguisher discharge horn. Firefighters often report an electric shock when operating CO2 extinguishers, but the origin of this electrostatic hazard is largely unknown. Here, we begin to investigate this phenomenon, and test the hypothesis of plastic samples being tribocharged on contact with rapidly flowing solid CO2. Using Faraday pail measurements, we show that non-conductive polymers gain a net static charge when brought in and out of contact with dry ice (solid CO2). These measurements of charge sign and magnitude give indirect evidence helping to place solid CO2 for the first time on the triboelectric series. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) samples acquire a negative charge when rubbed against dry ice, whereas poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), glass, and nylon surfaces become positively charged. Therefore, we suggest the position of dry ice in the triboelectric series to be close to that of materials with stable cations and unstable anions, possibly locating it between PMMA and PVC.

A four-component coupling reaction of carbon dioxide, amines, cyclic ethers and 3-triflyloxybenzynes for the synthesis of functionalized carbamates

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (46) ◽  
pp. 5835-5838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfang Xiong ◽  
Chaorong Qi ◽  
Ruixiang Cheng ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Cyclic Ethers ◽  
First Time

A novel four-component coupling reaction of carbon dioxide, amines, cyclic ethers and 3-triflyloxybenzynes for the synthesis of functionalized carbamates has been developed for the first time.

Body temperature polymerization and in situ drug encapsulation in supercritical carbon dioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (42) ◽  
pp. 6821-6831
Author(s):  
Zi-Kun Rao ◽  
Tian-Qiang Wang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Hong-Yu Zhu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Drug Encapsulation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Body-temperature and solvent-free polymerization and in situ fabrication of drug-loaded microparticles are reported for the first time.

scholarly journals An interpretation of the Mars spectrum taken by the Connes

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 189-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Kaplan ◽  
L. D. Gray Young
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Rotational Temperature ◽  
Martian Atmosphere ◽  
Co Concentration

Lines of the 2-0 and 3-0 bands of carbon monoxide and (many) bands of carbon dioxide appear prominently in the Connes' Mars spectrum [1]. Five carbon dioxide bands were measured to construct a curve of growth for CO2 lines formed in the Martian atmosphere [2]. A similar curve of growth was constructed for the 2-0 band of carbon monoxide. From these curves, we have computed the rotational temperature of the atmosphere, the surface pressure, and the abundance of CO and CO2. The surface pressure is found to be approximately equal to the CO2 partial pressure, i.e. ps ~ 5 mb. The CO concentration by volume was found to be slightly less than one part per thousand.

CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering) investigations of the intermolecular vibrational energy transfer between nitrogen and carbon dioxide molecules

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
J. R. Xu ◽  
W. E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Vibrational Energy Transfer ◽  
Scattering Technique ◽  
Anti Stokes ◽  
First Time

The CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering) technique has been used for the first time to observe directly the vibrational energy transfer between nitrogen N2 (X1Σ, ν = 1, 2) and carbon dioxide. The transfer-rate constants were determined as (1.0 ± 0.1) × 1011 cm3 mol−1 s−1 and (1.7 ± 0.4) × 1011 cm3 mol−1 s−1 for N2(ν = 1) and N2(ν = 2), respectively.

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