scholarly journals Qualitative Anatomical Characteristics of Compression, Lateral, and Opposite Woods in Pinus merkusii and Agathis loranthifolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Byantara Darsan Purusatama ◽  
Jong Ho Kim ◽  
Go Un Yang ◽  
Fauzi Febrianto ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Pinus Merkusii ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study aimed to observe andcompare the qualitative anatomical characteristics of compression (CW), lateral (LW), and opposite (OW) woodsin the stem wood of Sumatran pine (Pinus merkusii) and Agathis (Agathis loranthifolia). The anatomical characteristics were observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. CW showed a gradual transition from earlywood to latewood in both species, circular tracheid shape, many intercellular spaces, irregular tracheid tips, helical cavities, and slit-like bordered pits. CW of Sumatran pine showed an indistinct growth ring, whileCW of Agathis showed a distinct growth ring. Helical ribs occurred only in CW of Sumatran pine. LW and OW showed an oval tracheid with an angular outline, regular tracheid arrangement, and tapered tracheid tips in both species. LW and OW showed mainly uniseriate bordered pits in Sumatran pine, while LW and OW of Agathis frequently showed multiseriatebordered pits. CW, LW, and OW showed fusiform and uniseriate rays in Sumatran pine, while those of Agathis showed uniseriate rays. In conclusion, CW showed distinctive qualitative anatomical characteristics to LW and OW in both species, while LW and OW mainly showed similar characteristics. In particular, there were considerably distinctive characteristics between CW from both species.Keywords: Agathis, anatomical characteristics, reaction wood, Sumatran pine

Aggregate Rays in New Zealand Nothofagus Blume (Fagaceae) Stem Wood and their Influence on Vessel Distribution

IAWA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aggregate rays occur in the stem wood of Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole (mountain beech), N. solandri var. solandri (Hook. f.) Gerst. (black beech), N. truncata (Col.) Ckn. (hard beech), and N. fusca (Hook. f.) Gerst. (red beech), but not in N. menziesii (Hook. f.) Gerst. (silver beech). The composite structures visible in transversely sawn wood consist of groups of narrow xylem rays separated by fibres; vessels are frequently absent. The influence of aggregate rays on vessei distribution was studied using scanning electron microscopy and tested statistically. Indented growth ring boundaries are associated with the presence of aggregate rays. Aggregate rays occur in saplings. In larger trees aggregate rays taper out beyond 6 cm from the stem centre.

Cross-field pitting characteristics of compression, lateral, and opposite wood in the stem wood of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus densiflora

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Byantara Darsan Purusatama ◽  
Nam Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The characteristics of cross-field pitting among compression wood, lateral wood, and opposite wood, in the stem woods of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus densiflora were investigated with optical and scanning electron microscopy. In Ginkgo biloba, compression wood exhibited piceoid pits, while lateral and opposite wood exhibited cupressoid pits. The compression wood of Pinus densiflora exhibited cupressoid pits and piceoid pits, while lateral wood and opposite wood exhibited pinoid and window-like pits in the cross-field. In both species, compression wood yielded the smallest pit number among each part, while opposite wood yielded the greatest pit number per cross-field. Cross-field pitting diameters of compression wood and opposite wood were significantly smaller than lateral wood in Ginkgo biloba, while the cross-field pitting of compression wood was the smallest in Pinus densiflora. Radial tracheid diameter of compression wood was slightly smaller than lateral and opposite wood in Ginkgo biloba and significantly smaller than lateral and opposite wood in Pinus densiflora. In conclusion, the cross-field pitting type, pit number, and cross-field pitting diameter could be used to identify reaction wood in the stem wood of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus densiflora.

The development of the notochord in the chick embryo, studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-401
Author(s):  
Mary Bancroft ◽  
Ruth Bellairs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Notochordal Cells ◽  
Fibrillar Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

The notochord of the chick embryo between stages 5 and 23 inclusive has been studied by scanning electron microscopy, supplemented by transmission electron microscopy. Three main phases of development are described, and these have been designated: bilaminar; rodlike, unvacuolated; rod-like and vacuolated. The change in shape of the organ from bilaminar to rod-like is accompanied by changes in the shape, orientation and position of the cells, an increase in the complexity of the cell contacts, and the laying down of a basal lamina. The change from the unvacuolated to the vacuolated phase is accompanied by increasing complexity within the cytoplasm. Most of the vacuoles are intracellular and appear empty though some contain a granular material. The notochordal sheath appears to be secreted by the notochordal cells and fine fibrillar material has been seen in the intercellular spaces. By stage 23, most of the notochordal cells have become so highly vacuolated that the cytoplasm has become closely packed around the nucleus.

Contribution à l'étude du Bayoud, fosariose du palmier-dattier. I. Étude du cultivar sensible Deglet-Nour

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2054-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Mathéron ◽  
Abdellatif Benbadis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Root Epidermis ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Early Reaction ◽  
Scanning Electron

Date palm seedlings were inoculated at the two-leaf stage with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, the causal agent of Bayoud. Following spore germination, hyphae bore a bole through the walls of the root epidermis and penetrated into the cortical parenchyma. The fungus then grows inter- or intra-cellularly towards the central cylinder and enters the xylem vessels. There, it continues to grow towards the leaves. The progression from vessel to vessel is achieved through bordered pits. The cultivar Deglet-Nour, known for its susceptibility to this wilt disease, exhibited no early reaction to the presence of the parasite in its tissues. Key words: date palm, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Physiological manipulation of cellular activity tunes protein and ultrastructural profiles in a neuroendocrine cell

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
François van Herp ◽  
Nick H M van Bakel ◽  
Anton J M Coenen ◽  
Kjell Sergeant ◽  
Bart Devreese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cell ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Scanning Electron

To study in vivo the dynamics of the biosynthetic and secretory processes in a neuroendocrine cell, we use the proopiomelanocortin-producing intermediate pituitary melanotrope cells of Xenopus laevis. The activity of these cells can be simply manipulated by adapting the animal to a white or a black background, resulting in inactive and hyperactive cells respectively. Here, we applied differential display proteomics and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to examine the changes in architecture accompanying the gradual transition of the inactive to the hyperactive melanotrope cells. The proteomic analysis showed differential expression of neuroendocrine secretory proteins, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperones, and housekeeping and metabolic proteins. The FESEM study revealed changes in the ultrastructure of the ER and Golgi and the number of secretory granules. We conclude that activation of neuroendocrine cells tunes their molecular machineries and organelles to become professional secretors.

The structure of reaction wood as indicated by scanning electron microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Scurfield ◽  
S Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
S2 Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the structure of normal and reaction wood of Cupressus arizonica Greene, Pinus canariensis C. Sm., and P. radiata D. Don. The wood of P. radiata was examined before and after various chemical treatments. These included chlorine water-sodium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide-sodium sulphide, 17.5 % sodium hydroxide, 78 % phosphoric acid, 72 % sulphuric acid, 1 % osmic acid, and 2% potassium permanganate. The helical ribs of the S2 layer in reaction wood cells appeared to be multistranded. Warts tended to become fewer and restricted to the grooves in the S2 layer during the change-over from normal to reaction wood cells. The origin and chemical composition of the warts and associated membrane are considered.

The Distribution and Structure of Pits Between Vessels and Imperforate Tracheary Elements in Angiosperm Woods

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzou Sano ◽  
Tomohiro Ohta ◽  
Steven Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study focuses on the interspecific variation in the distribution and structure of pits between vessels and imperforate tracheary elements. Specimens from the outer sapwood of eight species, in which vessel elements are frequently in contact with fibres and/or tracheids, were prepared using two different techniques and examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. In three species in which vessels are surrounded by vasicentric tracheids and/or fibres with distinctly bordered pits, pit pairs frequently occurred in walls between vessels and imperforate tracheary elements. In the five species in which vessels are in contact with fibres with indistinctly bordered pits, no or very few pit pairs were present, and blind pits were often found. Blind pits were exclusively present in vessel elements in some species, while they were restricted to imperforate tracheary elements in other species. The nature of vessel to imperforate tracheary element pitting appears to depend on tracheary element specialization.

scholarly journals Comparative thallus anatomy of two Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) with reticulate maculae

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Bissacot Barbosa ◽  
Marcelo Pinto Marcelli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Lichenized Ascomycetes ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Conventional Microscopy ◽  
Thallus Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using conventional techniques for structural studies under conventional microscopy, polarizing light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy this work describes and compares the thallus anatomy of two Parmotrema species with reticulate maculae, previously included in the genus Rimelia: Parmotrema cetratum (Ach.) Hale and P. clavuliferum (Räsänen) Streimann. The data showed that the species are anatomically similar, including the presence of epicortex, the upper cortex anatomy and the characteristics of rhizines and ciliae. In the medulla of the two species there are star-shaped clusters of hyphae associated with the presence of salazinic acid. This study showed that the anatomical characteristics are constant for the Parmotrema group studied.

The ontogeny of the sclerotia of Colletotrichum coccodes

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Large Aggregate ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Spongy Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ontogeny of the sclerotia of Colletotrichum coccodes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The sclerotium originated as an acervulus differentiated from a stroma, a mass of tightly interwoven thick-walled hyphal cells. Initially, hyphae at the surface of the stroma differentiated into conidiophores and conidia which resulted in a typical acervulus. Following sporulation, the stroma beneath the acervulus assumed the form of a sclerotium. This sclerotium expanded laterally by repeating the processes of acervulus development. As a result, a large aggregate composed of several small sclerotia was formed.Structurally, a mature sclerotium, regardless of its size and shape, consisted of three zones: the outermost, sclerotized, brown spongy layer; the middle, plectenchymatous layer; and the innermost, prosenchymatous core (medulla). The majority of cells in the spongy layer were empty. The plectenchyma consisted of living, tightly packed, thick-walled cells with little or no intercellular spaces. The prosenchyma consisted of loosely packed, living hyphal cells.

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