scholarly journals On designing the average lactation curve at the ascending phase

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Comparisons are made between different methods to find the peak production (maximum daily milk yield) and methods to design the average lactation curve at the ascending phase in dairy cows. It was noted that in order to determine the height and location of the maximal producing capacity of a cow in a known lactation period, it is preferable to choose the peak production as a mean of three subsequent best days. It was also noted that the usual methods for drawing the average lactation curves do not give a true picture of the height and location of the peak. The author suggests a method for determining the average lactation curve at the ascending phase by using the averages of both milk productions and times involved in reaching the peak and known fractions (e.g. 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 5/4) of it. In this lactation curve the peak production is the mean of the peaks of individual cows, and the time involved in reaching it is the mean of the durations of the ascending phases of the individual cows.

scholarly journals Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunshea ◽  
Kehinde Oluboyede ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian Leury ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Betaine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN (FH) PADA PERIODE LAKTASI YANG BERBEDA (Milk Production of Friesian Holstein (FH) Cows at Different Lactation Periods)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmud ◽  
Woro Busono ◽  
Puguh Surjowardojo ◽  
Yuli Arif Tribudi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Peak Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This research was conducted in PT Greenfields Indonesia, Babadan Village, Ngajum Districts, Malang, East Java. The purpose of the study was to compare the milk production of FH (Friesian Holstein) dairy cows in various lactation periods. The material used in this research was data records of Australian FH, which have been developed in the Greenfields Indonesia farm. The data used were from 473 dairy cows, which consisted of 100 heads for each lactation period from the period I up to period IV and 73 heads for lactation period V. The variables measured were milk production 305 day 2X ME, daily milk yield production, peak day production, and the peak lactation. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the result showed differences, the analysis was continued using the Duncan test. The results showed that the increase in the lactation period significantly (P<0.01) decreased milk production and increased the duration of lactation peaks of FH cows. The highest milk production 305 day 2X ME was in the lactation period II, which was around 10232.90 ± 1036.62 kg/lactation or 32 ± 5.13 kg/day. In this period, the peak day in milk lactation was 71.5 ± 27.5 days, and the peak of milk production was 45.7 ± 4.1 kg/day. In conclusion, milk production increased from the first lactation period to the second lactation period and then decreased in subsequent periods. The peak of the first lactation period was reached longer, then falls in the second lactation period and then increases again at the following lactation period

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Lactation Curves of Crossbred Dairy Cows in Field Conditions in Tamil Nadu, India 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Balan ◽  
M. Thirunavukkarasu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Daily Milk

Background: Various mathematical models have been tried by different researchers to fit the lactation curves in indigenous, exotic and crossbred cows maintained in organised farms only. Hence, this study was aimed to fit various lactation models and to identify the best fit model (s) for prediction of milk production in crossbred dairy cows in field conditions.Methods: Multistage random sampling procedure was used for selection of 100 dairy cows for the purpose of data collection. The monthly milk yield data (up to 10 months of lactation) of the selected crossbred cows reared in field conditions of Tamil Nadu State, relating to the period from 2017-20, were collected for lactation curve modelling. The milk data so collected were used to fit 14 lactation curve models in the study. The highest Coefficient of Determination (R²) value and the least Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value were used as the criteria to select the best fit model(s).Result: The overall average total milk production was estimated to be 2223.19 kg per lactation in 10 months of lactation in the selected crossbred cows. Average daily milk yield at the first month of lactation was 9.16 kg and the highest daily milk yield of 9.56 kg was observed at the second month of lactation. At the end of the lactation, the lowest yield was 5.01 kg per day and hence the overall average daily milk yield was found to be 7.41 kg. Based on the selection criteria, the Mitscherlich X Exponential model was identified as the best fit model, followed by Ali and Schaeffer and Morant and Gnanasakthy model for prediction of milk production in crossbred dairy cows reared in field conditions and the estimated lactation curve model parameters a, b, c and d values for the best fit model were 331.71, 1519.82, 9.56 and 0.07 kg, respectively. 

Serum and Hair Trace Element and Mineral Levels in Dairy Cows in Relation to Daily Milk Yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Sizova ◽  
Sergey A. Miroshnikov ◽  
Svetlana V. Notova ◽  
Olga V. Marshinskaya ◽  
Tatiana V. Kazakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Daily Milk

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

scholarly journals Impact Of Genotypes And Parity On Reproductive And Productive Attributes In Dairy Cattle Of Natore District, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Susanta Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Impact of genotypes and parity on some vital reproductive and productive attributes in the local (L×L, n = 100) and four crossbred cows (L×F, L×SL, L×JR and L×S; n = 318) raised in randomly selected smallholder dairy farms scattered all over Natore District and adjacent areas have been assessed during a period from September 2007 to June 2010. With regard to reproductive attributes, significant differences existed among the cattle genotypes (P<0.05) except for gestation length (GL) and age at weaning (AW). The lowest age at puberty (AP) was found for L×F (21.42±0.37 months), while the highest for L×L (31.67±0.74 months). In terms of productivity, L×F cows produced the highest daily milk yield (DMY; 6.22±0.13 L), coupled with the highest total lactation yield (TLY; 2163.43±47.77 L), while L×L produced the lowest values (1.49±0.04 L and 416.40±12.3 L, respectively) for the traits. The effect of parity on both reproductive and productive attributes showed that the middle-aged dairy cows of the 3rd and 4th parities performed better than the younger (1st and 2nd parities) or the older (5th and beyond) ones. Considering the overall performance, the L×F cows could be ranked as the best genotype followed by their L×SL, L×JR, L×S and L×L counterparts in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9727 JLES 2011 6: 91-96

scholarly journals Is rumenocentesis a safe technique to collect rumen fluid in dairy cows?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. PANOUSIS ◽  
G. KITKAS ◽  
G. E. VALERGAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Subacute ruminal acidosis is a major issue in dairy cattle and a definite diagnosis is only established by measuring the rumen fluid pH, most credibly collected by rumenocentesis. However, due to its invasive nature, there is still some debate whether it is a safe method or poses risks for cows’ health and welfare. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the safety of rumenocentesis as a technique to obtain rumen fluid in dairy cows. Results were derived from 2 studies. In study 1, rumenocentesis was performed in 153 Holstein cows from 12 herds, once, between 10 and 90 days in milk (DIM). In study 2, 83 Holstein cows from a dairy farm were repeatedly subjected to rumenocentesisat 30, 90 and 150 DIM. From the 83 cows that were initially enrolled, 8 were culled before the end of the study for reasons irrelative to rumenocentesis; therefore, 236 rumenocenteses were actually performed in study 2 (3 times in 75 cows, twice in 3 cows and once in 5 cows). All cows were monitored for 10 days after rumenocentesis for presence of complications. In addition, daily milk yield was automatically recorded for each cow in study 2 to detect any possiblepost-rumenocentesis short-term reduction of milk yield. Minor only complications were recorded in 7 cases: in 4/153 (2.61%) and 3/236 (1.27%) rumenocenteses in studies 1 and 2, respectively. Small diameter abscesses in 6 cows (3 in study 1 and 3 in study 2) and a larger one in 1 cow in study 1 were observed. The 3 small abscesses in study 2 were all recorded after the 1st rumenocentesis, at DIM 30. All 7 cases were resolved spontaneously within two weeks. Moreover, short-term daily milk yield of study 2 cows was not affected by rumenocentesis. The conclusion is that rumenocentesis is a safe technique to collect small volume of rumen fluid for SARA diagnosis, which does not compromise cows’ health and welfare when appropriately performed.

scholarly journals Comparison of different lactation curve models in Holstein cows raised on a farm in the south-eastern Anatolia region

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Ö. Koçak ◽  
B. Ekiz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Mean Squared Errors ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare the goodness of fit of seven mathematical models (including the gamma function, the exponential model, the mixed log model, the inverse quadratic polynomial model and their various modifications) on daily milk yield records. The criteria used to compare models were mean R2, root mean squared errors (RMSE) and difference between actual and predicted lactation milk yields. The effect of lactation number on curve parameters was significant for models with three parameters. Third lactation cows had the highest intercept post-calving, greatest incline between calving and peak milk yield and greatest decline between peak milk yield and end of lactation. Latest peak production occurred in first lactation for all models, while third lactation cows had the earliest day of peak production. The R2 values ranged between 0.590 and 0.650 for first lactation, between 0.703 and 0.773 for second lactation and between 0.686 and 0.824 for third lactation, depending on the model fitted. The root mean squared error values of different models varied between 1.748 kg and 2.556 kg for first parity cows, between 2.133 kg and 3.284 kg for second parity cows and between 2.342 kg and 7.898 kg for third parity cows. Lactation milk yield deviations of Ali and Schaeffer, Wilmink and Guo and Swalve Models were close to zero for all lactations. Ali and Schaeffer Model had the highest R2 for all lactations and also yielded smallest RMSE and actual and predicted lactation milk yield differences. Wilmink and Guo and Swalve Models gave better fit than other three parameter models.

scholarly journals The effect of the Ketostop-EL feed supplement on the clinical and metabolic status of lactating cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06033
Author(s):  
N.B. Nikulina ◽  
E.V. Baidak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

A study was conducted on dairy cows aged 3-6 lactation, which were additionally fed with the Ketostop-El supplement at the rate of 300 g per head for 4 weeks after calving. The use of the feed supplement for 14 days led to a decrease in the number of monocytes, total protein, glucose, creatinine, total calcium and the activity of ALT and AST compared to their level before the use of Ketostop-El. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of urine and increase in the average daily milk yield were noted. The use of the supplement for 28 days contributed to a decrease in hematocrit, the sorption capacity of red blood cells, total protein, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, total calcium, reserve alkalinity, ALT and AST activity and an increase in the number of basophils, eosinophils, and the concentration of inorganic phosphorus compared to the initial data. At the same time, a decrease in the level of protein and ketones in the urine was observed. An increase in the average daily milk yield and the mass fraction of fat in milk was also recorded. The feed supplement "Ketostop-El" has a positive effect on the body of dairy cows, as evidenced by the normalization of the clinical and metabolic status, as well as an increase in the dairy productivity of animals.

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