scholarly journals Genetical and environmental factors affecting slaughter traits in beef production experiments in field

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-570
Author(s):  
Hilkka Kenttämies
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
High Level

During the years 1971-77 the carcass weight of fattening calves delivered from dairy herds increased by 40kg. During the same period the differencies between areas grew smaller. The growth rate and carcass traits were affected by feed type of the farm, rearing time, sex of the calf and breed of sire. In comparison with the Ayrshire bulls, the carcass weight of contemporary Charolais bulls was 16 and of Friesian 12%-units higher, but of Finncattle bulls 7%-units lower. Differencies between heifers were still larger. The growth rate of Ch and Fr remained on a high level longer than that of Ay and Fc. The heritability estimates of Ay and (Fr) were .23 (.61) for carcass weight,.39 (.77) for net growth, .14 (.15) for carcass score and .06 (.26) for fatness score. Differencies between farms within feed type consisted of about 50 % of the variation in growth rate and carcass weight, and about 25 % in carcass scores. Feeding was more consistent on farms with mere indoor feeding than on farms where the animals were also kept on pasture.

The effect of genotype, carcass weight and fat classification, and pelvic hanging technique on meat quality

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 59-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.O. Lively ◽  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
B.W. Moss ◽  
D.C. Patterson ◽  
D.J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Beef Herd

Currently 53 and 47% of prime beef production in Northern Ireland originates from beef and dairy herds, respectively. The beef herd comprises of a diverse range of genotypes which result in major variability in carcass weights, conformation and fat classification. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of genotype, carcass weight and fat classification, and pelvic hanging technique on meat quality.

scholarly journals Consequences of prenatal and preweaning growth for yield of beef primal cuts from 30-month-old Piedmontese- and Wagyu-sired cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Greenwood ◽  
L. M. Cafe ◽  
H. Hearnshaw ◽  
D. W. Hennessy ◽  
S. G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Subsequent Growth

Cattle sired by Piedmontese or Wagyu bulls were bred and grown within pasture-based nutritional systems followed by feedlot finishing. Effects of low (mean 28.6 kg, n = 120) and high (38.8 kg, n = 120) birthweight followed by slow (mean 554 g/day, n = 119) or rapid (875 g/day, n = 121) growth to weaning on beef primal cut weights at ~30 months of age were examined. Cattle of low birthweight or grown slowly to weaning had smaller primal cuts at 30 months as a result of reduced liveweight and smaller carcasses compared with their high birthweight or rapidly grown counterparts. Hence they require additional nutritional and economic inputs to reach target market weights. At equivalent carcass weights (380 kg), cattle restricted in growth from birth to weaning yielded slightly more beef and were somewhat leaner than their rapidly grown counterparts, resulting in primal cuts being up to 4% heavier in the slowly grown compared with the rapidly grown cattle. Compositional differences due to birthweight were less apparent at the same carcass weight, although low birthweight cattle had a slightly (~2%) heavier forequarter and slightly lower (~1%) hindquarter retail yield, and less shin-shank meat (~2%) than high birthweight cattle, suggesting only minor effects on carcass tissue distribution. There were few interactions between sire genotype and birthweight or preweaning growth, and interactions between birthweight and preweaning growth were not evident for any variables. However, variability between cohorts in their long-term responses to growth early in life suggests other environmental factors during early-life and/or subsequent growth influenced carcass yield characteristics. Overall, this study shows that effects of birthweight and preweaning growth rate on carcass compositional and yield characteristics were mostly explained by variation in carcass weight and, hence, in whole body growth to 30 months of age.

scholarly journals Evaluating tree growth factors into species-specific functional soil maps for improved agroforestry system efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo-Dong Jiang ◽  
Phillip R. Owens ◽  
Amanda J. Ashworth ◽  
Bryan A. Fuentes ◽  
Andrew L. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Soil Maps ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Functional Units

AbstractAgroforestry systems play an important role in sustainable agroecosystems. However, accurately and adequately quantifying the relationships between environmental factors and tree growth in these systems are still lacking. Objectives of this study were to quantify environmental factors affecting growth of four tree species and to develop functional soil maps (FSM) for each species in an agroforestry site. The diameter at breast height, absolute growth rate (AGR), and neighborhood competition index of 259 trees from four species (northern red oak [Quercus rubra], pecan [Carya illinoinensis], cottonwood [Populus deltoides], and sycamore [Platanus occidentalis]) were determined. A total of 51 topsoil samples were collected and analyzed, and 12 terrain attributes were derived from the digital elevation model. The relationships between AGR, soil, topography, and tree size were analyzed using Spearman correlation. Based on correlation analysis, FSM for each species were generated using the k-means cluster method by overlaying correlated soil and terrain attribute maps. Results showed tree size and terrain attributes were driving factors affecting tree growth rate relative to soil properties. The spatial variations in AGR among functional units were statistically compared within tree species and the areas with larger AGR were identified by the FSM. This study demonstrated that FSM could delineate areas with different AGR for the oak, cottonwood, and sycamore trees. The AGR of pecan trees did not vary among functional units. The generated FSM may allow land managers to more precisely establish and manage agroforestry systems.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Conditions Affecting the Transmission of Covid-19 Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Purva Shoor ◽  
Dr Gagan Deep Kaur ◽  
Dr Amanjot Kaur Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

The physical environment plays an important role in the transmission of respiratory infections like Covid-19. To find relevant articles on environmental factors influencing respiratory infection outbreaks, we searched Pub med Central on the following topics: 1. Environmental pollution causing coronavirus fatality- 73 results, relevant 1 article, 2. Environmental factors affecting Covid-19, 149 results from which there were 6 relevant articles, 3. Impact of air pollution on Covid-19 fatality, 10 results, relevant 3 articles, 4. Environmental factors affecting respiratory viruses- 10646 results were obtained, 2 relevant articles. We searched Google scholar on environmental factors affecting Covid-19 transmission and found 7 relevant papers. We excluded the duplicates in each of the key words search. Date of search was on 20th April 2020. All articles included in results were scrutinized and relevance of articles was based on their content that discussed meteorological and physical environment factors in the spread and severity of Covid-19. We have discussed factors like air pollution, smoking, air temperature, humidity and air velocity as contributing factors. If meteorological factors are conducive to spread in a particular area, we need protective measures way before a respiratory infection outbreak occurs. Covid-19 is a lesson learnt the hard way, and we must enable people to practice hygienic practices with limited resources but high level of protection that it provides. Air pollution control can prevent priming of respiratory system which shall further protect from pulmonary infections.

Hereditary and Environmental Factors Affecting Growth Rate in Swine1

1944 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne W. Nordskog ◽  
R. E. Comstock ◽  
L. M. Winters
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

A COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PUREBRED SHORTHORN AND CROSSBRED BEEF STEERS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
L. A. Charette ◽  
J. S. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Eye Muscle

The influence of breed of sire on carcass traits was examined by studying data collected on 134 steers produced by mating Shorthorn cows with Shorthorn, Angus, Hereford, and Charolais bulls. The steers were fed out in two groups: one group was slaughtered at 18 to 23 months as they reached a live weight of 900–1000 lb and the other group at approximately 30 months of age. In each group the steers sired by Charolais bulls gained more rapidly, possessed more bone, produced heavier carcass weight, and showed largest eye muscle measurements. There were no appreciable differences among the crosses within the sire groups represented by the British breeds except that Hereford × Shorthorn surpassed Angus × Shorthorn and Shorthorn in growth rate significantly and for a slight superiority in marbling for the Angus compared with the Shorthorn.

Genetic and environmental factors affecting the incidence of difficult calving and perinatal calf mortality in Israeli-Friesian dairy herds

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bar-Anan ◽  
M. Soller ◽  
J. C. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Genotype Effects

SUMMARYRecords of 178 593 monoparous births between 1964 and 1970 in Israeli-Friesian dairy cattle were analysed for information on environmental and genetic factors affecting calving difficulties and perinatal mortality. The incidence of difficult calvings (DC) and peri-natal calf mortality (PM) were 6·9 and 9·1% in heifer calvings, and 1·6 and 4·1% in cow calvings. Calving characters were not related t o heifer age nor cow parity, but there was a seasonal trend in heifer calvings, with both DC and PM being high in winter and low in summer calvings.Heritability estimates for calf-genotype effects on PM were 0·042 in heifer calvings and 0·013 in cow calvings. Heritability estimates for dam-genotype effects on PM were 0·018 and 0·004 respectively. Heritability estimates for DC were similar t o those for PM. The genetic correlations between DC and PM in the same class of calvings ranged between 0·8 and 0·9, while the environmental correlations were considerably lower, about 0·3. The genetic correlations between the calf-genotype effects in heifer and cow calvings were about 0·5, indicating that different factors may affect heifer and cow calvings.It is proposed that sires already proven for milk yield be tested for their calf effects in heifer calvings, using contemporary comparisons within herds and seasons. Results will be available when the sires are 6 to 6½ yr old. Sires causing fewest calving difficulties would be nominated for heifer matings, so that most heifer inseminations would be by sires proven for both yield and calving characters. Some long-term progress might be obtained if sires with a high incidence of difficulties in their heifer mates were not used to produce young sires.

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