scholarly journals Application of Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model to B-Mode Ultrasound Images of Transverse Cross-section of Thin-walled Phantom Carotid Arteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Charles Nnamdi Udekwe ◽  
Akinlolu Adeniran Ponnle
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
North East ◽  
Thin Walled

We had earlier developed a technique based on cardinal point symmetry landmark distribution model (CPS-LDM) to completely characterize the Region of Interest (ROI) of the geometric shape of thick-walled simulated B-mode ultrasound images of carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane. In this paper, this developed technique was applied to completely characterize the region of interest of the geometric shape of B-mode ultrasound images of thin-walled phantom carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane. The developed model employs a combination of fixed landmarks (FLs) and movable landmarks (MLs) to obtain the total landmarks (TLs) that can sufficiently segment the shape of the ROI of the carotid artery. For the phantom carotid arteries, three FLs are fixed on each of the four ROIs determined by the cardinal points North (N), South (S), East (E) and West (W) drawn on the ROIs of the phantom carotid artery. The MLs are determined by the inter-cardinal directions such as North-East (NE), North-West (NW) and so on. The obtained CPS-LDM equation developed allows graphical visualization the optimum number of points that can sufficiently segment the ROIs. ImageJ2 software was used to generate the Cartesian coordinates for each landmark which were then used to generate the Shape Space Pattern (SSP) of the phantom carotid artery ready for further statistical analysis. The results showed that the CPS-LD model is generic and adaptable to a variety of transverse cross-sectional B-mode ultrasound images of thin-walled phantom carotid artery

Adaptation of Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model to in-vivo B-Mode Ultrasound Images of Transverse Cross-section of Carotid Arteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Charles Nnamdi Udekwe ◽  
Akinlolu Adediran Ponnle
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Transverse Cross Section ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Symmetry Line

The geometry of the imaged transverse cross-section of carotid arteries in in-vivo B-mode ultrasound images are most times irregular, unsymmetrical, full of speckles and usually non-uniform. We had earlier developed a technique of cardinal point symmetry landmark distribution model (CPS-LDM) to completely characterize the Region of Interest (ROI) of the geometric shape of thick-walled simulated B-mode ultrasound images of carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane, but this was based on the symmetric property of the image. In this paper, this developed technique was applied to completely characterize the region of interest of the geometric shape of in-vivo B-mode ultrasound images of non-uniform carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane. In order to adapt the CPS-LD Model to the in-vivo carotid artery images, the single VS-VS vertical symmetry line common to the four ROIs of the symmetric image is replaced with each ROI having its own VS-VS vertical symmetry line. This adjustment enables the in-vivo carotid artery images possess symmetric properties, hence, ensuring that all mathematical operations of the CPS-LD Model are conveniently applied to them. This adaptability was observed to work well in segmenting the in-vivo carotid artery images. This paper shows the adaptive ability of the developed CPS-LD Model to successfully annotate and segment in-vivo B-mode ultrasound images of carotid arteries in the transverse cross-sectional plane either they are symmetrical or unsymmetrical.

scholarly journals Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model for Segmentation of Region of Interest in Simulated B-Mode Ultrasound Carotid Artery Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Charles Nnamdi Udekwe ◽  
Akinlolu Adediran Ponnle
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Shape Space ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Space Pattern

Measurement accuracy and understanding of geometry of Common Carotid Artery (CCA) play an important role in carotid atherosclerosis assessment and management. In order to device techniques that can accurately analyze the effects of plaques on the carotid artery, a model that can sufficiently segment the Region of Interest (ROI) in the B-mode ultrasound image of carotid artery is needed. In this paper, a new Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model (CPS-LDM) to sufficiently segment the ROI in the carotid artery B-mode ultrasound imaged in the transverse plane is developed. The developed model employs a combination of fixed landmarks (FLs) and movable landmarks (MLs) to obtain the total landmarks (TLs) that can sufficiently segment the shape of the ROI of the carotid artery. Simulated ultrasound images are used. Four FLs are fixed on each of the four ROIs of the simulated carotid artery determined by the cardinal points North (N), South (S), East (E) and West (W) drawn on the ROIs of the carotid artery. The MLs are determined by the inter-cardinal directions such as North-East (NE), North-West (NW) and so on. The CPS-LDM equation developed allows us to visualize graphically the optimum number of points that can sufficiently segment the ROIs. ImageJ2 software was used to generate the Cartesian coordinates for each landmark which were then used to generate the Shape Space Pattern (SSP) of the carotid artery ready for further statistical analysis. The results showed that the CPS-LD model is sufficiently generic and adaptable to a variety of carotid artery B-mode ultrasound image simulated under different scenarios

scholarly journals Carotid webs produce greater hemodynamic disturbances than atherosclerotic disease: a DSA time–density curve study

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017588
Author(s):  
Charlie C Park ◽  
Retta El Sayed ◽  
Benjamin B Risk ◽  
Diogo C Haussen ◽  
Raul G Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Density Curve ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Flow Stasis ◽  
Time Density

BackgroundCarotid webs (CaWs) are associated with ischemic strokes in younger patients without degrees of stenosis that are traditionally considered clinically significant.ObjectiveTo compare the hemodynamic parameters in the internal carotid artery (ICA) bulbar segment in patients with CaW with those in patients with atherosclerotic lesions using time–density curve (TDC) analysis of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed DSA images of 47 carotid arteries in 41 adult patients who underwent ICA catheter angiography for evaluation after ischemic stroke. Hemodynamic parameters, including full width at half maximum (FWHM) and area under the time–density curve (AUC) as proxies for increased flow stasis, were calculated using TDC analyses of a region of interest (ROI) in the ICA bulb immediately rostral to the web/atherosclerotic plaque, relative to a standardized ROI in the ipsilateral distal common carotid artery (eg, relative FWHM (rFWHM)). Hemodynamic parameters were compared using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. Logistic regression was used to predict CaW versus mild/moderate atherosclerosis for each hemodynamic parameter, adjusting for degree of stenosis.ResultsMean age of patients was 56.0±13 years, with 22 (53.7%) women. 17 CaWs, 22 atherosclerotic plaques (15 mild/moderate and 7 severe), and eight normal carotid arteries were assessed. Significant between-group differences were present in the relative total AUC (p<0.001), relative AUC at wash out (p=0.031), and relative FWHM (p=0.001). Logistic regression to predict CaW versus mild/moderate atherosclerosis showed that rAUC total had the highest predictive value (pAUC=0.96, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00), followed by rFWHM (0.87, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.00), and rAUC WO (0.74, 95% CI (0.57 to 0.91).ConclusionCaW results in larger local hemodynamic disruption, characterized by flow stasis, than mild/moderate carotid atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that CaWs may produce larger regions of thrombogenic flow stasis.

Optimized geometry of the carotid artery cross-section: Comparison between circular and elliptical approximations in B-mode ultrasound images

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150004
Author(s):  
Effat Soleimani ◽  
Hazhir Saberi ◽  
Niloofar Ayoobi-Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Pattern Search ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Relative Deviation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis

Cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement obtained from transverse ultrasound images is the general method used for carotid artery stenosis calculation which assumes a circular CS, however, atherosclerotic stenosis may change the CSA geometry and lead to miscalculation. This study aims to determine the accuracy of circular or elliptical approximation of the normal and stenosed carotid artery CSA. Sixty transverse B-mode ultrasound images (30 from healthy and 30 from stenosed carotid arteries) were recorded. Contours of the internal lumen of the arteries were segmented and the encompassed lumen area was calculated. Based on the fitting accuracy and computational cost effectiveness, pattern search (PS) optimization algorithm was selected by which the parameterized equations of the circular and elliptical geometries were fitted to the segmented point clouds. Goodness of fit analysis of two geometries was carried out using root mean square error (RMSE) and the relative deviation of the approximated CSA. Results of this study showed that elliptical approximation better fits to the artery CS of carotid arteries, with the average RMSE of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] pixels in healthy and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] pixels in stenosed carotid arteries, respectively, for circle and ellipse approximation. Mean values of the relative deviation of the approximated CSA by circle and ellipse geometries were 5.14%[Formula: see text]±[Formula: see text]4.53% and 3.89%[Formula: see text]±[Formula: see text]4.19% in normal arteries; and 12.18%[Formula: see text]±[Formula: see text]10.94% and 4.59%[Formula: see text]±[Formula: see text]3.75% in stenosed arteries, respectively. This study represented that elliptical approximation provides increased accuracy for carotid artery CSA for both normal and stenosed carotid arteries.

Experimental Validation of Minimax Entropy Principle in Ultrasound Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Neha Mehta ◽  
Svav Prasad ◽  
Leena Arya
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Human Gallbladder ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Ultrasonic Devices ◽  
Measure Of Uncertainty

Ultrasound imaging is one of the non-invasive imaging, that diagnoses the disease inside a human body and there are numerous ultrasonic devices being used frequently. Entropy as a well known statistical measure of uncertainty has a considerable impact on the medical images. A procedure for minimizing the entropy with respect to the region of interest is demonstrated. This new approach has shown the experiments using Extracted Region Of Interest Based Sharpened image, called as (EROIS) image based on Minimax entropy principle and various filters. In this turn, the approach also validates the versatility of the entropy concept. Experiments have been performed practically on the real-time ultrasound images collected from ultrasound centers and have shown a significant performance. The present approach has been validated with showing results over ultrasound images of the Human Gallbladder.

scholarly journals Synchronous Carotid Bifurcation Endarterectomy and Retrograde Kissing Stenting of the Innominate and Left Common Carotid Artery in a Patient with a Bovine Aortic Arch

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Robaldo ◽  
Guido Carignano ◽  
Alberto Balderi ◽  
Claudio Novali
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Left Common Carotid Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bovine Aortic Arch ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Management of the symptomatic multiple stenosis of supra-aortic vessels (MSSVs) in a “bovine” aortic arch (BAA) configuration is infrequently reported. The optimal treatment choice remains debatable. A successful hybrid treatment for a proximal critical stenosis of the innominate and left common carotid artery was performed in a high-risk patient with a tandem symptomatic lesion in the right carotid bifurcation and a concentric vulnerable plaque in the bovine trunk. This case supports the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a combined carotid bifurcation endarterectomy and retrograde kissing stenting of common carotid arteries with cerebral protection after evaluation of radiological, anatomical, and clinical parameters.

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