Formation of 7-nm-wide Line&Spaces in Half Pitch by 3 Dimensional Self-assembly of Nano-dots Using Sphere Type PS-PDMS

We have formed nanometer-wide lines & spaces by graphoepitaxy of sphere type polystyrene-poly dimethyl siloxane (PS-PDMS), with a molecular weight (MW) of 14.6 kg/mol., along electron-beam (EB)-drawn resist guide lines. We have 3-dimensionally ordered the sphere type PS-PDMS by controlling a thickness of the PS-PDMS along improved guide lines to form the line and space pattern. We obtained the thickness dependence on the pattern change such as nano-dot arrays and nano-line & space patterns. When the thickness increased to about +4 nm from the upper thickness for formation of the dot arrays, the line & space patterns have been formed with about 7 nm in line width and 14 nm in pitch.

Myelin Imaging Using 3D Dual-echo Ultra-short Echo Time MRI with Rosette k-Space Pattern

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a new 3D dual-echo rosette k-space trajectory, specifically for applications of ultra-short echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The direct imaging of the myelin bilayer, which has ultra-short transverse relaxation time (uT2), was acquired to test the performance of the proposed UTE sequence. Theory and Methods: The rosette trajectory was developed based on rotations of a "petal-like" pattern in the kx-ky plane, with oscillated extensions in kz-direction for 3D coverage. Five healthy volunteers were recruited and underwent ten dual-echo rosette UTE scans with varied echo times (TEs). Dual-exponential model fitting was performed to separate uT2 signals, with the output of uT2 fraction, uT2 value and long T2 value. Results: The reconstructed images' signal contrast between white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) increased with longer TEs. The WM regions had higher uT2 fraction values than GM (10.9% ± 1.9% vs. 5.7% ± 2.4%). The uT2 value was about 0.12 milliseconds in WM. Conclusion: The higher uT2 fraction value in WM compared to GM demonstrated the ability of the proposed sequence to capture rapidly decaying signals.

Optimization of Service Field of Communications, Information Technology, Coding and Statisticson The Government of District Cianjur

The Office of Communication, Informatics, Encryption and Statistics of Cianjur Regency is an institution engaged in the field of communication, information, coding and statistics that helps local governments in serving the people of Cianjur. Although according to the establishment of the Office of Communication, Informatics, Encryption and Statistics, it has been around for a long time, nevertheless it is still faced with problems that require resolution. If the problem is classified, it is related to the lack or weakness of services in the fields of communication, informatics and coding. This situation makes the management team plan, and formulate what actions are appropriate to overcome this problem. The theory used in this research is the theory of Plan, Do, Check, Action by W. Edwards Deming and Walter Shewhart. The research approach used is qualitative, with descriptive analytical methods.This study resulted in a discussion that the Cianjur Regency Communication, Informatics, Codification and Statistics Office carried out planning efforts in managerial terms, improving e-government service facilities and infrastructure, expanding the power and space of information communication media, increasing the intensity of dissemination and distribution of information on government administration, technical review of the general plan of the space pattern for the placement of wireless communication infrastructure within the framework of controlling the construction of telecommunications towers, and preparation of a technical study on the general plan of communication infrastructure as a reference for policies and development of communication, informatics, coding and statistics The strategy for developing communication, informatics, coding and statistics is directed at structuring the implementation of dissemination and distribution of information on governance and development through updating e-government activities, building outdoor information media, revitalizing radio broadcast transmittance, developing Cianjur Satu Data, Cianjur Regency and developing data compliance. Cianjur Regency macro indicators as well as fulfillment of coding information services.

Peremajaan “Brandgang” Sebagai Akses Penunjang Sirkulasi Antar Gang Di Lingkungan Perumahan Babatan Pilang

In the changing times from year to year the development process is always progressing. No exception to the construction of settlements and housing scattered in the city of Surabaya. Arrangement of a housing environment is an important factor in improving the quality of life of residents in society. The residential space pattern in Babatan Pilang still maintains the brandgang system. The function of this brandgang itself is as a fire breaker to slow down or stop fires. Apart from the two main functions, brandgang indirectly also acts as a connection path between alleys or roads. The existing condition of the brandgang in the Babatan Pilang housing complex is not neat and well maintained. In general, the brandgang should not present a tense and frightening atmosphere. The method used is extracting data again looking at the aspects of the problems that exist in relation to the existence of brandgang so far. The function and role of brandgang wherever good and their existence are not necessarily forgotten and are more important, this is because brandgang is one of the main factors of a security system in a settlement or housing. Presenting a neat and orderly brandgang will create a good impression in restoring its main function.

Spatiotemporal Changes of Ecosystem Service Value Determined by National Land Space Pattern Change: A Case Study of Fengdu County in The Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Exploring the spatiotemporal change characteristics of ecosystem service value (ESV) under the influence of national land space pattern (NLSP) changes is of great significance for promoting the rational use of land resources and the optimization of ecosystems. In this study, Fengdu County in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was selected as a case study. We analyzed the changes in NLSP using land use data from 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018. Then, we used the equivalent factor method and exploratory spatial data analysis method to explore the spatiotemporal change characteristics of the ESV of Fengdu County. The results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2018, the changes in NLSP in Fengdu County generally manifested in the transformation of agricultural space into urban space and ecological space; (2) The spatiotemporal change of ESV is a process that positively responds to the increase in ecological space and negatively responds to the expansion of urban space. From 1990 to 2018, the total ESV of Fengdu County showed a trend of continuous growth, with a total increase of CNY 11.10 × 108, and the change rate was 9.33%. The ESV gain area is mainly located along the Yangtze River and the southernmost part of the county, and the loss area is mainly located near the south bank of the Yangtze River; (3) ESV and its changes in Fengdu County have a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. The cold and hot spots of ESV change are mainly distributed along the Yangtze River and to the south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, it is suggested to integrate ESV as an important indicator into the decision-making of national land space planning. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the intensive use of urban space and protect the important ecological space from decreasing. Our study results provide useful insights for the development of regional NLS management and environmental protection policies. However, it is worth noting that the results of this paper are more applicable to areas where the terrain is dominated by mountains.

Identifikasi morfometri dan pola ruang taman setra di Kecamatan Kuta Utara, Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali

Bali island has three types of garden. One of garden’s types that exist in Bali is setra. Setra garden in Bali had been used for spiritual ceremonies like Ngaben. There were more than 1500 setra gardens that had not been yet identified in Bali. Therefore, identifying, collecting data, and mapping of setras garden were needed in analyzing the setras. Setras garden in which located in North Kuta sub-district was chosen in this research because there was not any database yet which was related to the setras especially for its space pattern and morphometry. This research aimed to identify the morphometry, space pattern, factors that affecting space pattern, and utilization of the setras in North Kuta sub-district. The research method used was survey method. This research used descriptive qualitative, and quantitative analisys. In the results, this research found that Kerobokan traditional village had the highest percentage number of setra garden which was 38,1%. Setra Tuka was located in the higest elevation (122,34 msal), while the 80% of setras was in the flat topography. The average area of setras garden in North Kuta was about 0,12 Ha. Direction of centre, and southeast was the most setras position (19%). The whole setras garden in North Kuta applied Tri Mandala concept as its space pattern and all of its space pattern was affected by tradition factor. For setras additional utilization, Caru and Ngereh have the highest percentage, while Ngelungah and Ngelangkir is more attractive activity for tourism.

Space Pattern of Samudera Pasai Sultanate

Samudera Pasai is one of the Islamic Sultanates in Indonesia which appeared in the Middle Ages or around 1267 AD. Evidence of the existence of the Sultanate of Samuedra Pasai in Indonesia is listed in the book Rihlah ilal-Masyriq (Wanderings to the East) written by Abu Abdullah Ibnu Batutha (1304 - 1368 AD), a Muslim adventurer who traveled to Samudera Pasai in 1345 AD. The spatial pattern of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate is no longer visible because there are no traces of archaeological remains in the form of any remaining buildings, except for the tombs of Sultanate figures and historical records of foreign adventurers who have explored the Samudera Pasai Sultanate. This record strengthens the evidence of the existence of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate. The methodology used in this case is a phenomenological approach and a historical approach, which are expected to approach optimal results in uncovering spatial patterns in the development of Islam. The spatial arrangement of the sultanate generally used the concept of catur gatra tungga, which was arranged in the form of: alun-alun (the square) as the center of space, markets to the north of the square, palaces to the south of the square, and mosques to the west of the square. The spatial arrangement then formed a spatial pattern that became the center of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate.