Adaptation of Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model to in-vivo B-Mode Ultrasound Images of Transverse Cross-section of Carotid Arteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Charles Nnamdi Udekwe ◽  
Akinlolu Adediran Ponnle
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Transverse Cross Section ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Symmetry Line

The geometry of the imaged transverse cross-section of carotid arteries in in-vivo B-mode ultrasound images are most times irregular, unsymmetrical, full of speckles and usually non-uniform. We had earlier developed a technique of cardinal point symmetry landmark distribution model (CPS-LDM) to completely characterize the Region of Interest (ROI) of the geometric shape of thick-walled simulated B-mode ultrasound images of carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane, but this was based on the symmetric property of the image. In this paper, this developed technique was applied to completely characterize the region of interest of the geometric shape of in-vivo B-mode ultrasound images of non-uniform carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane. In order to adapt the CPS-LD Model to the in-vivo carotid artery images, the single VS-VS vertical symmetry line common to the four ROIs of the symmetric image is replaced with each ROI having its own VS-VS vertical symmetry line. This adjustment enables the in-vivo carotid artery images possess symmetric properties, hence, ensuring that all mathematical operations of the CPS-LD Model are conveniently applied to them. This adaptability was observed to work well in segmenting the in-vivo carotid artery images. This paper shows the adaptive ability of the developed CPS-LD Model to successfully annotate and segment in-vivo B-mode ultrasound images of carotid arteries in the transverse cross-sectional plane either they are symmetrical or unsymmetrical.

scholarly journals Application of Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model to B-Mode Ultrasound Images of Transverse Cross-section of Thin-walled Phantom Carotid Arteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Charles Nnamdi Udekwe ◽  
Akinlolu Adeniran Ponnle
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
North East ◽  
Thin Walled

We had earlier developed a technique based on cardinal point symmetry landmark distribution model (CPS-LDM) to completely characterize the Region of Interest (ROI) of the geometric shape of thick-walled simulated B-mode ultrasound images of carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane. In this paper, this developed technique was applied to completely characterize the region of interest of the geometric shape of B-mode ultrasound images of thin-walled phantom carotid artery imaged in the transverse plane. The developed model employs a combination of fixed landmarks (FLs) and movable landmarks (MLs) to obtain the total landmarks (TLs) that can sufficiently segment the shape of the ROI of the carotid artery. For the phantom carotid arteries, three FLs are fixed on each of the four ROIs determined by the cardinal points North (N), South (S), East (E) and West (W) drawn on the ROIs of the phantom carotid artery. The MLs are determined by the inter-cardinal directions such as North-East (NE), North-West (NW) and so on. The obtained CPS-LDM equation developed allows graphical visualization the optimum number of points that can sufficiently segment the ROIs. ImageJ2 software was used to generate the Cartesian coordinates for each landmark which were then used to generate the Shape Space Pattern (SSP) of the phantom carotid artery ready for further statistical analysis. The results showed that the CPS-LD model is generic and adaptable to a variety of transverse cross-sectional B-mode ultrasound images of thin-walled phantom carotid artery

scholarly journals Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model for Segmentation of Region of Interest in Simulated B-Mode Ultrasound Carotid Artery Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Charles Nnamdi Udekwe ◽  
Akinlolu Adediran Ponnle
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Shape Space ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Space Pattern

Measurement accuracy and understanding of geometry of Common Carotid Artery (CCA) play an important role in carotid atherosclerosis assessment and management. In order to device techniques that can accurately analyze the effects of plaques on the carotid artery, a model that can sufficiently segment the Region of Interest (ROI) in the B-mode ultrasound image of carotid artery is needed. In this paper, a new Cardinal Points Symmetry Landmarks Distribution Model (CPS-LDM) to sufficiently segment the ROI in the carotid artery B-mode ultrasound imaged in the transverse plane is developed. The developed model employs a combination of fixed landmarks (FLs) and movable landmarks (MLs) to obtain the total landmarks (TLs) that can sufficiently segment the shape of the ROI of the carotid artery. Simulated ultrasound images are used. Four FLs are fixed on each of the four ROIs of the simulated carotid artery determined by the cardinal points North (N), South (S), East (E) and West (W) drawn on the ROIs of the carotid artery. The MLs are determined by the inter-cardinal directions such as North-East (NE), North-West (NW) and so on. The CPS-LDM equation developed allows us to visualize graphically the optimum number of points that can sufficiently segment the ROIs. ImageJ2 software was used to generate the Cartesian coordinates for each landmark which were then used to generate the Shape Space Pattern (SSP) of the carotid artery ready for further statistical analysis. The results showed that the CPS-LD model is sufficiently generic and adaptable to a variety of carotid artery B-mode ultrasound image simulated under different scenarios

scholarly journals Carotid webs produce greater hemodynamic disturbances than atherosclerotic disease: a DSA time–density curve study

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017588
Author(s):  
Charlie C Park ◽  
Retta El Sayed ◽  
Benjamin B Risk ◽  
Diogo C Haussen ◽  
Raul G Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Density Curve ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Flow Stasis ◽  
Time Density

BackgroundCarotid webs (CaWs) are associated with ischemic strokes in younger patients without degrees of stenosis that are traditionally considered clinically significant.ObjectiveTo compare the hemodynamic parameters in the internal carotid artery (ICA) bulbar segment in patients with CaW with those in patients with atherosclerotic lesions using time–density curve (TDC) analysis of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed DSA images of 47 carotid arteries in 41 adult patients who underwent ICA catheter angiography for evaluation after ischemic stroke. Hemodynamic parameters, including full width at half maximum (FWHM) and area under the time–density curve (AUC) as proxies for increased flow stasis, were calculated using TDC analyses of a region of interest (ROI) in the ICA bulb immediately rostral to the web/atherosclerotic plaque, relative to a standardized ROI in the ipsilateral distal common carotid artery (eg, relative FWHM (rFWHM)). Hemodynamic parameters were compared using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. Logistic regression was used to predict CaW versus mild/moderate atherosclerosis for each hemodynamic parameter, adjusting for degree of stenosis.ResultsMean age of patients was 56.0±13 years, with 22 (53.7%) women. 17 CaWs, 22 atherosclerotic plaques (15 mild/moderate and 7 severe), and eight normal carotid arteries were assessed. Significant between-group differences were present in the relative total AUC (p<0.001), relative AUC at wash out (p=0.031), and relative FWHM (p=0.001). Logistic regression to predict CaW versus mild/moderate atherosclerosis showed that rAUC total had the highest predictive value (pAUC=0.96, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00), followed by rFWHM (0.87, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.00), and rAUC WO (0.74, 95% CI (0.57 to 0.91).ConclusionCaW results in larger local hemodynamic disruption, characterized by flow stasis, than mild/moderate carotid atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that CaWs may produce larger regions of thrombogenic flow stasis.

Local delivery of soluble platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI inhibits thrombus formation in vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (05) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bültmann ◽  
Christian Herdeg ◽  
Zhongmin Li ◽  
Götz Münch ◽  
Christine Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Glycoprotein Vi ◽  
Collagen Receptor

SummaryPlatelet-mediated thrombus formation at the site of vascular injury isa major trigger for thrombo-ischemic complications after coronary interventions. The platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a critical role in the initiation of arterial thrombus formation. Endothelial denudation of the right carotid artery in rabbits was induced through balloon injury. Subsequently, local delivery of soluble, dimeric fusion protein of GPVI (GPVI-Fc) (n=7) or control Fc (n=7) at the site of vascular injury was performed with a modified double-balloon drugdelivery catheter.Thrombus area within the injured carotid artery was quantified using a computer-assisted image analysis and was used as index of thrombus formation.The extent of thrombus formation was significantly reduced in GPVI-Fc- compared with control Fc-treated carotid arteries (relative thrombus area, GPVI-Fc vs. Fc: 9.3 ± 4.2 vs. 2.3 ± 1.7, p<0.001). Local delivery of soluble GPVI resulted in reduced thrombus formation after catheter-induced vascular injury.These data suggest a selective pharmacological modulation of GPVI-collagen interactions to be important for controlling onset and progression of pathological arterial thrombosis, predominantly or even exclusively at sites of injured carotid arteries in the absence of systemic platelet therapy.

scholarly journals A Robust Automatic Ultrasound Spectral Envelope Estimation

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkai Li ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Paul Liu ◽  
Hao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Speckle Noise ◽  
Spectral Envelope ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Ultrasound Images

Accurate estimation of ultrasound Doppler spectrogram envelope is essential for clinical pathological diagnosis of various cardiovascular diseases. However, due to intrinsic spectral broadening in the power spectrum and speckle noise existing in ultrasound images, it is difficult to obtain the accurate maximum velocity. Each of the standard existing methods has their own limitations and does not work well in complicated recordings. This paper proposes a robust automatic spectral envelope estimation method that is more accurate in phantom recordings and various in-vivo recordings than the currently used methods. Comparisons were performed on phantom recordings of the carotid artery with varying noise and additional in-vivo recordings. The accuracy of the proposed method was on average 8% greater than the existing methods. The experimental results demonstrate the wide applicability under different blood conditions and the robustness of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Time course of carotid artery growth and remodeling in response to altered pulsatility

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. H1875-H1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Eberth ◽  
Natasa Popovic ◽  
Vincent C. Gresham ◽  
Emily Wilson ◽  
Jay D. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
The Right

Elucidating early time courses of biomechanical responses by arteries to altered mechanical stimuli is paramount to understanding and eventually predicting long-term adaptations. In a previous study, we reported marked long-term (at 35–56 days) consequences of increased pulsatile hemodynamics on arterial structure and mechanics. Motivated by those findings, we focus herein on arterial responses over shorter periods (at 7, 10, and 14 days) following placement of a constrictive band on the aortic arch between the innominate and left carotid arteries of wild-type mice, which significantly increases pulsatility in the right carotid artery. We quantified hemodynamics in vivo using noninvasive ultrasound and measured wall properties and composition in vitro using biaxial mechanical testing and standard (immuno)histology. Compared with both baseline carotid arteries and left carotids after banding, right carotids after banding experienced a significant increase in both pulse pressure, which peaked at day 7, and a pulsatility index for velocity, which continued to rise over the 42-day study despite a transient increase in mean flow that peaked at day 7. Wall thickness and inner diameter also increased significantly in the right carotids, both peaking at day 14, with an associated marked early reduction in the in vivo axial stretch and a persistent decrease in smooth muscle contractility. Glycosaminoglycan content also increased within the wall, peaking at day 14, whereas increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 activity and the collagen-to-elastin ratio continued to rise. These findings confirm that pulsatility is an important modulator of wall geometry, structure, and properties but reveal different early time courses for different microscopic and macroscopic metrics, presumably due to the separate degrees of influence of pressure and flow.

scholarly journals Carotid ultrasonographic parameters as markers of atherogenesis and mortality rate in patients on hemodialysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojica Stolic ◽  
Goran Trajkovic ◽  
Aleksandar Jovanovic ◽  
Dragica Stolic ◽  
Vladan Peric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Negatively Associated

Background/Aim. Vascular endothelium plays an important role in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation of endothelium malfunction and arteriosclerosis in patients on hemodialysis. Methods. The investigation was designed as a clinical, non-randomized, fiveyear study in the 'Kragujevac' Clinical Center and included 146 patients. We evaluated demographic characteristics, smoking, duration of dialysis, existence of tissue calcification and duplex ultrasound parameters of the carotid artery. All lethal outcomes, including the cause and time of death were recorded. Results. The cumulative survival rate was 57.5%. Survival was short in patients with wider lumen diameter of the carotid arteries. Carotid artery lumen diameter in men was wider than in women. The area cross section was closely correlated with intima media thickness (r = 0.913; p < 0.0001), as well as with the lumen diameter of the carotid arteries (r = 0.527; p < 0.0001). Carotid artery lumen diameter was negatively associated with serum cholesterol (r = - 0.278; p = 0.019), while serum triglycerides correlated negatively with the cross section of intima media (r = -0.261; p = 0.028). Positive correlations were found between the serum total protein level and carotid artery lumen diameter (r = 0.235; p = 0.047), cross section intima media (r = 0.269; p = 0.022) and cholesterol (r = 0.248; p = 0.037). Time on dialysis showed a negative correlation with carotid artery cross section (r = -0.241; p = 0.04), while age was positively correlated with intima media (r = 0.295; p = 0.013), lumen diameter (r = 0.296; p = 0.012) and intima media cross section (r = 0.347; p = 0.003). Regression analysis pointed to predictive importance of carotid artery lumen diameter for survival (Beta = 0.437; p = 0.011) of the examined patients. The cumulative rate of survival was 57%. Conclusion. In our study patient age correlated positively with all parameters of arteriosclerosis. The average duration of dialysis was negatively associated with carotid artery diameter, which was significantly higher in males. Regression correlation analyses indicated that the survival rate of the patients on hemodialysis was lower if the carotid artery diameter was larger.

scholarly journals F15 A new system for estimating mechanical health of in vivo carotid artery using ultrasound images

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007.60 (0) ◽  
pp. 195-196
Author(s):  
Fumio NOGATA ◽  
Yoko KAWAMURA ◽  
Yasunari YOKOTA ◽  
Maiko MARUYAMA ◽  
Chiaki OGURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
New System

Optimized geometry of the carotid artery cross-section: Comparison between circular and elliptical approximations in B-mode ultrasound images

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150004
Author(s):  
Effat Soleimani ◽  
Hazhir Saberi ◽  
Niloofar Ayoobi-Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Pattern Search ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Relative Deviation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis

Cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement obtained from transverse ultrasound images is the general method used for carotid artery stenosis calculation which assumes a circular CS, however, atherosclerotic stenosis may change the CSA geometry and lead to miscalculation. This study aims to determine the accuracy of circular or elliptical approximation of the normal and stenosed carotid artery CSA. Sixty transverse B-mode ultrasound images (30 from healthy and 30 from stenosed carotid arteries) were recorded. Contours of the internal lumen of the arteries were segmented and the encompassed lumen area was calculated. Based on the fitting accuracy and computational cost effectiveness, pattern search (PS) optimization algorithm was selected by which the parameterized equations of the circular and elliptical geometries were fitted to the segmented point clouds. Goodness of fit analysis of two geometries was carried out using root mean square error (RMSE) and the relative deviation of the approximated CSA. Results of this study showed that elliptical approximation better fits to the artery CS of carotid arteries, with the average RMSE of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] pixels in healthy and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] pixels in stenosed carotid arteries, respectively, for circle and ellipse approximation. Mean values of the relative deviation of the approximated CSA by circle and ellipse geometries were 5.14%[Formula: see text]±[Formula: see text]4.53% and 3.89%[Formula: see text]±[Formula: see text]4.19% in normal arteries; and 12.18%[Formula: see text]±[Formula: see text]10.94% and 4.59%[Formula: see text]±[Formula: see text]3.75% in stenosed arteries, respectively. This study represented that elliptical approximation provides increased accuracy for carotid artery CSA for both normal and stenosed carotid arteries.

scholarly journals Induction and functional significance of the heme oxygenase system in pathological shear stress in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (11) ◽  
pp. H1402-H1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Kang ◽  
Matthew L. Hillestad ◽  
Joseph P. Grande ◽  
Anthony J. Croatt ◽  
Michael A. Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Carotid Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery Ligation

The present study examined the heme oxygenase (HO) system in an in vivo murine model of pathological shear stress induced by partial carotid artery ligation. In this model, along with upregulation of vasculopathic genes, HO-1 is induced in the endothelium and adventitia, whereas HO-2 is mainly upregulated in the endothelium. Within minutes of ligation, NF-κB, a transcription factor that upregulates vasculopathic genes and HO-1, is activated. Failure to express either HO-1 or HO-2 exaggerates the reduction in carotid blood flow and exacerbates vascular injury. After artery ligation, comparable induction of HO-2 occurred in HO-1+/+and HO-1−/−mice, whereas HO-1 induction was exaggerated in HO-2−/−mice compared with HO-2+/+mice. Upregulation of HO-1 by an adeno-associated viral vector increased vascular HO-1 expression and HO activity and augmented blood flow in both ligated and contralateral carotid arteries. Acute inhibition of HO activity decreased flow in the ligated carotid artery, whereas a product of HO, carbon monoxide (CO), delivered by CO-releasing molecule-3, increased carotid blood flow. In conclusion, in the partial carotid artery ligation model of pathological shear stress, this study provides the first demonstration of 1) upregulation and vasoprotective effects of HO-1 and HO-2 and the vasorelaxant effects of CO as well as 2) vascular upregulation of HO-1 in vivo by an adeno-associated viral vector that is attended by a salutary vascular response. Induction of HO-1 may reside in NF-κB activation, and, along with induced HO-2, such upregulation of HO-1 provides a countervailing vasoprotective response in pathological shear stress in vivo.

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