CIVIL-LAW SET-OFF AND SET-OFF MADE WHEN THE COURT SATISFIES COUNTERCLAIMS AND INITIAL CLAIMS: THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS
In this article, the author highlights the main scenarios on the basis of which the coexistence of two seemingly similar legal institutions could be built – a civil set-off and a set-off made when the court satisfies counterclaims and initial claims (a scenario based on the displacement of one institution by another; a scenario based on the permissibility of parallel implementation of each of the institutions; a scenario based on a mixed model of implementation of each of the institutions). To identify the scenario that best meets the needs of the turnover and the goals of effective judicial protection, the differences between these legal institutions are analyzed (the distinction is made according to specific criteria that either manifest themselves differently, or are present in one structure, but are absent in another). At the same time, the analyzed legal institutions (civil offset and offset produced by the satisfaction of the court counter and initial claims) are distinguished from similar legal phenomena – automatic setoff, offset by the will of a third person, eventual set-off, objections on the surrender made by the defendant during the trial and addressed the court, and the offset produced by the court in the absence of will of the disputing parties in the resolution of the question of legal costs and making a decision about a bilateral restitution.