scholarly journals The role of perceived discrimination in mediating the relationship between minority status and psychotic symptoms in a community sample

Konselor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Hermanto ◽  
Sali Rahadi Asih ◽  
Edo Sebastian Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
The Relationship

Minority groups have been found to be at higher risk of developing psychotic symptoms, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be established. This study aims to determine the mechanism that underlies the relationship between minority status and psychotic symptoms, investigating the role of perceived discrimination as a mediator. We assessed 387 participants from a community sample in Indonesia using the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences for psychotic symptoms, surveys adapted from the NEMESIS study for minority status and perceived discrimination, and controlled for depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Mediation analysis was conducted, which showed that perceived discrimination fully mediated the relationship between minority status and positive psychotic symptoms, but not negative psychotic symptoms. This finding supports the social defeat hypothesis, which states that social stressors lead to positive psychotic symptoms due to dopamine dysregulation. However, further research is required to illustrate the association between social stressors and negative symptoms.

scholarly journals Does negative-self-schema link the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms in a community sample of Indonesians?

Konselor ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shierlen Octavia ◽  
Edo Sebastian Jaya ◽  
Sali Rahadi Asih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Response ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Self Schema ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood trauma is a risk factor that influences the development of psychotic symptoms. Negative-self-schema is a psychological response to trauma, which is known to have impact on psychotic symptoms’ level, thus postulated as the underlying mechanism linking childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms together. This study examined whether negative-self-schema mediates childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms, while controlling depressive symptoms as covariates. The study recruited 397 participants from community sample of Indonesians (25.4% male; Mage = 22.28, SD = 4.93) and was conducted through online survey. Through mediation analyses, results showed that negative-self-schema significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and both positive (ab= 0.08; SE= 0.04; 95% CI [0.01, 0.17]), and negative (ab = 0.08; SE = 0.03; 95% CI [0.03, 0.14]) symptoms of psychosis. This explains the importance of considering schemas’ role in translating the effect of childhood trauma to psychotic symptoms. 

Evaluation of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Andreasen ◽  
William M. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SummaryMost investigators concur that schizophrenia is probably a heterogeneous group of disorders that share the common features of psychotic symptoms, partial response to neuroleptics, and a relatively poor outcome. The subdivision of schizophrenia into two subtypes, positive versus negative, has achieved wide acceptance throughout the world during recent years. This distinction has heuristic and theoretical appeal because it unites phenomenology, pathophysiology, and etiology into a single comprehensive hypothesis.In spite of its wide appeal, the distinction has a number of problems. These include the failure to distinguish between symptom syndromes and diseases; failure to deal with the mixed patient; failure to take longitudinal course into account; and failure to address conceptually and methodologically the distinction between positive and negative symptoms.This paper focuses primarily on the conceptual basis for two instruments designed to measure positive and negative symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), originally described in 1982. Since their description, these scales have been used in a variety of other centers. These scales are based on the hypothesis that negative symptoms represent a deficit or diminution in normal psychological functions wliile positive symptoms represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Reliability data are now available from Italy, Spain, and Japan which suggest that these scales can be used reliably in cultural settings outside the United States. The results of these studies are summarized in this paper. In addition, a replication study involving a new sample of 117 schizophrenics collected at the University of Iowa is described. In this second study of the SANS and SAPS, internal consistency is found to be quite high in the SANS. Thus negative symptoms appear to be more internally correlated with one another than are positive symptoms. The implications of this result are discussed. A principal components analysis is used to explore the relationship between positive and negative symptoms. While the study reported in 1982 suggested that positive and negative symptoms are negatively correlated, in the present study they appear to be uncorrelated. Overall, the results suggest that the SANS and SAPS are useful comprehensive instruments for the evaluation of positive and negative symptoms. The relationship between these symptoms and external validators such as cognitive functioning or CT scan abnormalities will be reported in a subsequent investigation.

scholarly journals White Pop, Shiny Armour and a Sling and Stone: Indigenous Expressions of Contemporary Congregational Song Exploring Christian-Māori Identity

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Shannon Said
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Congregational Song ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
Pentecostal Churches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sydney Australia

It has taken many years for different styles of music to be utilised within Pentecostal churches as acceptable forms of worship. These shifts in musical sensibilities, which draw upon elements of pop, rock and hip hop, have allowed for a contemporisation of music that functions as worship within these settings, and although still debated within and across some denominations, there is a growing acceptance amongst Western churches of these styles. Whilst these developments have taken place over the past few decades, there is an ongoing resistance by Pentecostal churches to embrace Indigenous musical expressions of worship, which are usually treated as token recognitions of minority groups, and at worst, demonised as irredeemable musical forms. This article draws upon interview data with Christian-Māori leaders from New Zealand and focus group participants of a diaspora Māori church in southwest Sydney, Australia, who considered their views as Christian musicians and ministers. These perspectives seek to challenge the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous relations within a church setting and create a more inclusive philosophy and practice towards being ‘one in Christ’ with the role of music as worship acting as a case study throughout. It also considers how Indigenous forms of worship impact cultural identity, where Christian worship drawing upon Māori language and music forms has led to deeper connections to congregants’ cultural backgrounds.

Consumers Complain More Fiercely Through Small-Screen Devices: The Role of Spatial Crowding Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-367
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhou ◽  
Bin Tian ◽  
Tingting Mo ◽  
Zhuoying Fei
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Screen Size ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Perception Theory ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Complaint Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Small Screen

Previous research has mainly focused on the determinants of consumers’ complaint channel choices. Little attention has been paid to the behavioral consequences of different complaint channels, particularly different complaint devices. Drawing on spatial crowding perception theory, this study finds that in an online complaint context, consumers’ complaint intensity is shaped by complaint devices that differ in screen size. Crowding perception produced by visually restrictive tension mediates the relationship between the screen size of the complaint device and the complaint intensity. The results of secondary data confirm that consumers’ complaint intensity is higher while complaining through a small-screen device (as opposed to a large-screen one). Three scenario-based experiments are conducted to examine the role of perceived spatial crowding in producing a more intense complaint behavior when complaints are submitted through smaller screen devices (as opposed to larger screen devices). The fourth experiment reveals that crowding perception can be lessened by adjusting certain design elements of the interface, ultimately mitigating the intensity of the complaint submitted through a small-screen device. Our research identifies the specific causality and underlying mechanism of the influence of device type on consumers’ postconsumption behavior, thus contributing to clarify some ambiguities in the literature.

The Relationship Between Domestic Partner Violence and Suicidal Behaviors in an Adult Community Sample: Examining Hope Agency and Pathways as Protective Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1399-1412
Author(s):  
Edward C. Chang ◽  
Elizabeth A. Yu ◽  
Emma R. Kahle ◽  
Yifeng Du ◽  
Olivia D. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Interactive Model ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Additional Variance

We examined an additive and interactive model involving domestic partner violence (DPV) and hope in accounting for suicidal behaviors in a sample of 98 community adults. Results showed that DPV accounted for a significant amount of variance in suicidal behaviors. Hope further augmented the prediction model and accounted for suicidal behaviors beyond DPV. Finally, we found that DPV significantly interacted with both dimensions of hope to further account for additional variance in suicidal behaviors above and beyond the independent effects of DPV and hope. Implications for the role of hope in the relationship between DPV and suicidal behaviors are discussed.

Panic Attacks in Chronic Schizophrenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Argyle
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Of 20 patients attending a clinic for maintenance therapy of schizophrenia, seven had regular panic attacks, and these were often associated with agoraphobia and social phobia. Similar fears and avoidance in other cases were associated with paranoid ideas and negative symptoms. The relationship of panic to psychotic symptoms varied greatly. In two patients neuroleptics were associated with an increase in panic attacks.

Mediating Effect of WhatsApp Addiction Between Social Loneliness and Preference for Online Social Interaction: A Cross-cultural Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110556
Author(s):  
Komal Nagar ◽  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Rabinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Online Social Interaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Social Loneliness

The present study aims to explore the relationship between social loneliness and online interaction through WhatsApp addiction among a sample of Indian and Fijian respondents. Based on the responses of 202 Indian and 73 Fijian respondents, the present research study validated the mediating role of WhatsApp addiction, revealing that social loneliness increased the possibility of preferring to interact online through increased WhatsApp addiction. The empirical results showed that the underlying mechanism of social loneliness might indirectly influence consumers’ preference for online social interaction (POSI). The study further assessed the moderating role of culture in the association between social loneliness and POSI. Findings of the moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that, the association between loneliness and preference to socialize online differed, based on the identified cultural differences between Indian and Fijian groups.

Indian study shows that encouraging knowledge sharing at work can help spark innovative behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The authors wanted to find out the most important mechanisms for encouraging innovative behavior in the Indian manufacturing sector. Design/methodology/approach The researchers collected data from Indian manufacturing organizations. They distributed questionnaires and received 288 complete ones. Items measured critical concepts. For OJ one example was “I have been fairly rewarded for the effort I put forth”. For KS, one sample was, “When I have learned something new, I tell my colleagues about it” and, “When they have learned something new, my colleagues tell me about it”. Meanwhile, IB was measured using items such as “I generate original solutions for problems”. Findings It highlighted the pivotal role of OJ in bolstering employees’ IB. When companies treat employees fairly, it encourages positive social interactions that lead to perceptions of supportiveness and trustworthiness. Employees reciprocate these sentiments with positive behavior. The study also showed the positive predictive influence of KS on IB. Finally, the results showed that the relationship between OJ and IB is complex, but KS is a pivotal mediator. Promotion of OJ, KS and IM is “vital” to spark innovation. Originality/value The authors felt their most important finding was to highlight the critical role of the underlying mechanism of KS, which is where individuals exchange implicit and explicit knowledge to create new knowledge. In addition, previous researchers have looked at the role of organizational justice in encouraging innovative behavior, but evidence from non-Western countries is scarce.

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