scholarly journals Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in children and adolescents: prevalence and diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
OF Pankova ◽  
NM Kazin ◽  
SM Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Significant Disagreement ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The significance of studying the prevalence, age- and sex-related differences and diagnostic aspects of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F2 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders) in pediatric and adolescent patients of mental health facilities is linked to the upcoming release of the International Classification of Diseases, Revision 11 (ICD-11). Its whole chapters have been updated, including disorders in the schizophrenia group. Diagnostic challenges posed by this debilitating group of mental disorders are associated with the diversity of clinical presentations, the incompleteness of psychopathological phenomena syndromes, and vague atypical symptoms. Changes in the prevalence of these disorders identified by the analysis of medical records at a mental health facility for children (a decline in the number of patients with F20, schizophrenia, and a surge in the number of patients with F21, schizotypal disorder) and significant disagreement about and disagreement about the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in children and adolescents, evaluation of their dynamics, outcomes, and the social functioning of the patient necessitate further prospective follow-up studies aimed at overcoming the identified difficulties in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of such patients.

scholarly journals Schizotypal Disorder in Children—A Neglected Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J Tonge ◽  
Renee Testa ◽  
Carmela Díaz-Arteche ◽  
Avril V Brereton ◽  
Katerina Stephanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

Abstract Disabling psychotic-like perceptions, thoughts, and behavior have long been recognized in children. These symptoms have an adverse impact on child and family and are a developmental predictor of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Attempts to classify this phenomenon separately and within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) systems have been unsuccessful until the DSM-5 and ICD-11. The categorization of Schizotypal Disorder within the SSDs in DSM-5 and ICD-11, and recognition that it is manifest in childhood, has established Schizotypal Disorder in Childhood (SDC) as a focus for clinical attention and research. This article aims to increase the awareness of this debilitating disorder by describing 3 case studies (ages 6, 8, and 9), which illustrate and refine the clinical presentation and cognitive profile of SDC. Biopsychosocial risk factors, comorbid disorders, and features that differentiate it from Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are discussed. A comprehensive understanding of SDC will improve the accuracy and validity of the diagnostic process and pave the way for further research into its etiology, developmental pathway, and treatment.

Violent offending in schizophrenia spectrum disorders preceding and following diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 782-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Hachtel ◽  
Cieran Harries ◽  
Stefan Luebbers ◽  
James RP Ogloff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Violent Victimisation ◽  
Violent Offences

Objective: People affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders are at a higher risk of offending violently. This study aims to investigate risk factors in relation to the peri-diagnostic period and possible predictors of post-diagnostic violence of people diagnosed for the first time in the public mental health system. Methods: The study compared various risk factors for post-diagnostic violence in patients ( n = 1453) diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Patients were grouped according to the occurrence of peri-diagnostic violence. Of the 246 violent offenders, 164 committed their first offence pre-diagnosis. Mental health and criminological variables were evaluated across the lifespan (median age at end of follow-up = 34.22 years, range = 17.02–55.80 years). Results: Gender, employment, non-violent offending, family incidents, violent and non-violent victimisation, substance use, personality disorder, number of in-patient admissions and history of non-compliance differed significantly across violent and non-violent subgroups (all p ⩽ 0.01 and at least small effect size). More frequent and longer inpatient admissions were found in the violent subgroups (all p ⩽ 0.01). For the whole sample, sex, number of violent offences, non-violent offences, violent victimisation, substance use and number of inpatient admissions predicted post-diagnostic violence (χ2 (6) = 188.13, p < 0.001). Among patients with a history of pre-diagnostic violence, a history of non-violent offending in the 18-month period pre-diagnosis was the strongest predictor of future violence (odds ratio = 3.08, 95% confidence interval [1.32, 7.21]). Conclusion: At triage, violence risk assessment should consider the presence of antisocial behaviour and violent victimisation, substance use, male gender and frequency of inpatient admissions. Common treatment targets for the prevention of post-diagnostic violence include criminality and victimisation. Treatment of positive symptoms should be of greater emphasis for individuals without a history of pre-diagnostic violence.

Sustained Attention, Visual Processing Speed, and IQ in Children and Adolescents with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder and Psychosis Not otherwise Specified

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McCarthy ◽  
Keith Kraseski ◽  
Inika Schvartz ◽  
Veronica Mercado ◽  
Nicole Daisy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

To investigate the cognitive functioning of children and adolescents with Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders and Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, 22 child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients and day-hospital patients at a state psychiatric hospital with Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders, 30 with Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, and 130 with other psychiatric disorders, ages 8 to 17 years, were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–III for psychological assessment at admission. The Performance IQs of the ADHD and the Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder groups were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum and the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified groups, and the Full Scale IQs of the Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder group were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum group and the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified group. The Coding scores of the ADHD group were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum, the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, and the Bipolar Disorder groups. There was a significant negative correlation between age and Digit Span for the Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders group.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN PERSONS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 775-780
Author(s):  
Nana Zavradashvili MD ◽  
◽  
Otar Toidze MD , PhD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia

Study of the relationship between mental disorder and violent behavior is critical both from a public health perspective and for the proper planning and development of mental health services.However, the complex contribution of clinical, historical and environmental risk factors for violence in persons with schizophrenia remains unclear. The aim of the study was to identify clinical and social risk factors for violence in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) using a case-control design. Cases were defined as patients with SSD who had committed at least one act of offence in the past (94 patients wereenrolled from forensic psychiatricward). Controls were genderand age matched patients with SSD who had never committed violent acts (106 patients from general psychiatric services).A standard set of instruments was used to assess patients exposure to a variety of risk factors. Data were collected through patient interviews and medical records.Study results showed, that increased risk of violence was associated with severity of positive psychotic symptoms, diagnosis of delusional disorder, irregular or no contacts with mental health services. Significant risk factors for serious violent acts were associated with comorbid alcohol misuse, impulsivity,persecutory delusions,decreased emotional responseand unsatisfactory living environment. Study confirmed that the interaction of social andclinicalfactorswith treatment related factors played an important role as determinants of violence. These factors should be the focus of treatment and management of patients with SSD to prevent violent behavior.

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