scholarly journals Chronic disease and chronic disease risk factors among First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations of northern Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Bruce ◽  
ND Riediger ◽  
LM Lix
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Aboriginal Populations ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Aboriginal populations in northern Canada are experiencing rapid changes in their environments, which may negatively impact on health status. The purpose of our study was to compare chronic conditions and risk factors in northern Aboriginal populations, including First Nations (FN), Inuit and Métis populations, and northern non-Aboriginal populations. Methods Data were from the Canadian Community Health Survey for the period from 2005 to 2008. Weighted multiple logistic regression models tested the association between ethnic groups and health outcomes. Model covariates were age, sex, territory of residence, education and income. Odds ratios (ORs) are reported and a bootstrap method calculated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p values. Results Odds of having at least one chronic condition was significantly lower for the Inuit (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43–0.81) than for non-Aboriginal population, but similar among FN, Métis and non-Aboriginal populations. Prevalence of many risk factors was significantly different for Inuit, FN and Métis populations. Conclusion Aboriginal populations in Canada's north have heterogeneous health status. Continued chronic disease and risk factor surveillance will be important to monitor changes over time and to evaluate the impact of public health interventions.

Physician Advice to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Friedman ◽  
Ross C. Brownson ◽  
Dan E. Peterson ◽  
Joan C. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Physician Advice

Abstract 14772: Effects of Reallocating Time in Different Physical Activity Intensities and Sleep on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Asian American Women: A Cross Sectional Modeling Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorong Park ◽  
Britta A Larsen ◽  
Yuhe Xia ◽  
Simona Kwon ◽  
Victoria V Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Asian American Women ◽  
American Women ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Substitution Models ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep form the finite 24-hour day; changes to one behavior result in changes to the others. Little is known about how shifting the balance of time spent in these behaviors affects cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. The purpose of this study is to model the effects of changes in PA, SB and sleep on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) in Asian American women, who have elevated CV risk. Methods: Normotensive middle-aged Asian American women completed 7 days of hip and wrist actigraphy monitoring (Actigraph, GT3X and GT9X) to assess 24-hour activity. Total sleep time was identified using the Cole-Kripke algorithm with sleep diaries, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA and SB were classified by Freedson’s cut-points from wake time. Isotemporal substitution models were used to test effects of replacing 30 mins of each behavior with the others on BMI, WC and BP adjusting for age, education and comorbidity. Results: Data from 75 women were included (age=61.4±8.0, 57% college educated, median comorbidities=1[IQR=0-2]). On average, their days were composed of 0.5 hrs MVPA, 6.2 hrs light PA, 10 hrs SB and 5.3 hrs sleep (2.1 hrs non-wear time). In partition models, where all behaviors were entered simultaneously, more MVPA and sleep were associated with lower BMI and WC. In isotemporal substitution models that held total wear time constant (Table 1), replacing 30 mins SB with an equal amount of MVPA or sleep decreased BMI by 1.7 and 0.6 and WC by 4.1 and 1.2 cm. Replacing 30 mins light PA with MVPA or sleep decreased BMI by 1.9 and 0.9 and WC by 4.5 and 1.6 cm. None of the modeled behavior changes affected BP. Conclusion: These findings suggest that substituting 30 mins of SB or light PA with MVPA or sleep could significantly reduce Asian American women’s BMI and WC. Future studies should test the impact of behavioral interventions that promote these changes on CV risk in Asian American women.

scholarly journals Clustering of chronic disease risk factors with tobacco smoking habits among adults in the work place in Sousse, Tunisia

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hmad Sonia ◽  
Maatoug Jihene ◽  
Harrabi Imed ◽  
Ghammem Rim ◽  
Belkacem Mylene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

scholarly journals A Community-based Lifestyle Education Program Addressing Non-communicable Diseases in Low-literacy Areas of the South Pacific: A Pilot Control Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Lillian Kent ◽  
Pia Reierson ◽  
Darren Morton ◽  
Kesa Vasutoga ◽  
Paul Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Intervention Village ◽  
Control Village

Lifestyle interventions can effectively reduce chronic disease risk factors. This study examined the effectiveness of an established lifestyle intervention contextualized for low-literacy communities in Fiji. Ninety-six adults from four villages, with waist circumference (WC) indicative of risk of chronic disease, were randomly selected to an intervention or control group. Process evaluation indicated one intervention and one control village fulfilled the study protocol. There were no differences between intervention and control for body mass index BMI (P = 0.696), WC (P = 0.662), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.386), and TC:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (P = 0.485). The intervention village achieved greater reductions than the control village at 30 and 90 days for systolic blood pressure (30 days: −11.1% vs. −2.5%, P = 0.006; 90 days: −14.5% vs. −6.7%, P = 0.019); pulse rate (30 days: −7.0% vs. −1.1%, P = 0.866; 90 days: −7.1% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.027), and HDL (30 days: −13.9% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.206; 90 days: −18.9% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.001); at 90 days only for diastolic blood pressure (−14.4% vs. −0.2%, P = 0.010); at 30 days only for low-density lipoprotein (−11.6% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.009); and fasting plasma glucose (−10.2% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.032). However, for triglycerides, the control achieved greater reductions than the intervention village at 30 days (35.4% vs. −12.3%, P = 0.008; marginal at 90 days 16.4% vs. −23.5%, P = 0.054). This study provides preliminary evidence of the feasibility and potential effectiveness of the intervention to lower several risk factors for chronic disease over 30 days in rural settings in Fiji and supports consideration of larger studies.

scholarly journals A Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Multiple Chronic Disease Risk Factors Among Adolescents: Co-Design and User Testing of the Health4Life School-Based Program (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Elizabeth Champion ◽  
Lauren Anne Gardner ◽  
Cyanna McGowan ◽  
Cath Chapman ◽  
Louise Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
User Testing ◽  
School Students ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
School Based ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

BACKGROUND Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Addressing key lifestyle risk factors during adolescence is critical for improving physical and mental health outcomes and reducing chronic disease risk. Schools are ideal intervention settings, and electronic health (eHealth) interventions afford several advantages, including increased student engagement, scalability, and sustainability. Although lifestyle risk behaviors tend to co-occur, few school-based eHealth interventions have targeted multiple behaviors concurrently. OBJECTIVE This study aims to summarize the co-design and user testing of the Health4Life school-based program, a web-based cartoon intervention developed to concurrently prevent 6 key lifestyle risk factors for chronic disease among secondary school students: alcohol use, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, sedentary recreational screen time, and poor sleep (the <i>Big 6</i>). METHODS The development of the Health4Life program was conducted over 18 months in collaboration with students, teachers, and researchers with expertise relevant to the Big 6. The iterative process involved (1) scoping of evidence and systematic literature review; (2) consultation with adolescents (N=815) via a cross-sectional web-based survey to identify knowledge gaps, attitudes, barriers, and facilitators in relation to the Big 6; (3) content and web development; and (4) user testing of the web-based program with students (n=41) and teachers (n=8) to evaluate its acceptability, relevance, and appeal to the target audience. RESULTS The co-design process resulted in a six-module, evidence-informed program that uses interactive cartoon storylines and web-based delivery to engage students. Student and teacher feedback collected during user testing was positive in terms of acceptability and relevance. Commonly identified areas for improvement concerned the length of modules, age appropriateness of language and alcohol storyline, the need for character backstories and links to syllabus information, and feasibility of implementation. Modifications were made to address these issues. CONCLUSIONS The Health4Life school-based program is the first universal, web-based program to concurrently address 6 important chronic disease risk factors among secondary school students. By adopting a multiple health behavior change approach, it has the potential to efficiently modify the Big 6 risk factors within one program and to equip young people with the skills and knowledge needed to achieve and maintain good physical and mental health throughout adolescence and into adulthood.

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