CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NITROGEN OXIDE EVALUATION IN ASSESSMENT OF SMALL INTESTINE MUCOSA REGENERATION ABILITIES IN CHILDREN WITH CELIAC DISEASE

Potential celiac disease (PCD) is a heterogeneous disease; only some patients develop full celiac disease (CD), characterised by advanced atrophic changes in the small intestine. Few accurate prognostic factors exist for the progression of PCD; therefore, therapeutic decisions should be made on an individual basis in each case. Patients with clinical gastroenterological or parenteral symptoms often benefit from a gluten-free diet, and those left on a diet containing gluten should receive clinical, serological and histopathological supervision.

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Toxic effects of repeated oral exposure of silver nanoparticles on small intestine mucosa of mice

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods ◽

10.3109/15376516.2013.764950 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Brigesh Shahare ◽

Madhu Yashpal

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Intestine Mucosa

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Carbohydrase activity in the pancreatic tissue and small intestine mucosa of sheep fed dried-grass or ground maize-based diets

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600044142 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 435-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. N. Janes ◽

T. E. C. Weekes ◽

D. G. Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Total Activity ◽

Pancreatic Tissue ◽

Proximal Region ◽

Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Intestine Mucosa ◽

Ruminant Animals ◽

Specific Activities ◽

Small Intestinal

SummaryTwo groups of six sheep were fed either dried-grass or ground maize-based diets for at least 4 weeks before slaughter. Samples of the small intestinal mucosa and spancreatic tissue were assayed for a-amylase, glucoamylase, maltase and oligo-l,6-glucosidase.The pancreatic tissue contained high activities of α-amylase and much lower activities of glucoamylase, maltase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase. There was no effect of diet on the specific activities of any of these enzymes in the pancreatic tissue.The activity of α-amylase adsorbed on to the mucosa of the small intestine was greatest in the proximal region of the small intestine, the activity generally declining with increasing distance away from the pylorus. There was no diet effect on the absorbed α-amylase activity.Similar patterns of distribution along the small intestine were observed for maltase, glucoamylase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase with the highest activities in t he jejunum. There was no overall effect of diet on glucoamylase or maltase specific activities and glucoamylase total activity, although the total activities of maltase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase were significantly greater for the sheep fed the ground maize-based diet (P < 0·05).It is suggested that ruminant animals may be capable of digesting large amounts of starch in the small intestine through an adaptation in the activity of the host carbohydrases.

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Molecular Biomarkers for Celiac Disease: Past, Present and Future

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21228528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 8528

Author(s):

Aarón D. Ramírez-Sánchez ◽

Ineke L. Tan ◽

B.C. Gonera-de Jong ◽

Marijn C. Visschedijk ◽

Iris Jonkers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Early Stage ◽

Villous Atrophy ◽

Upper Endoscopy ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽

Small Intestinal

Celiac disease (CeD) is a complex immune-mediated disorder that is triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. CeD is characterized by inflammation and villous atrophy of the small intestine, which can lead to gastrointestinal complaints, malnutrition, and malignancies. Currently, diagnosis of CeD relies on serology (antibodies against transglutaminase and endomysium) and small-intestinal biopsies. Since small-intestinal biopsies require invasive upper-endoscopy, and serology cannot predict CeD in an early stage or be used for monitoring disease after initiation of a gluten-free diet, the search for non-invasive biomarkers is ongoing. Here, we summarize current and up-and-coming non-invasive biomarkers that may be able to predict, diagnose, and monitor the progression of CeD. We further discuss how current and emerging techniques, such as (single-cell) transcriptomics and genomics, can be used to uncover the pathophysiology of CeD and identify non-invasive biomarkers.

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