Flammability tests of materials used inside automotive vehicles

This publication presents the flame propagation rates of tested materials according to PN-ISO 3795 requirements. Road vehicles and tractors, agricultural and forestry machinery - Determination of combustibility of materials used inside vehicles for upholstery taken from 15 different passenger car models and assessment of the possibility of using an alternative verification procedure flammability of products used in passenger cars.

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Decelerations of Passenger Vehicles on Gravel Arrester Beds

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12051761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1761

Author(s):

Miha Ambrož ◽

Jovan Trajkovski ◽

Robert Kunc

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Recent Past ◽

Road Vehicles ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Standard Size ◽

Passenger Car ◽

Safety Feature ◽

The Road ◽

Passenger Vehicles

Gravel-filled arrester beds, also called safety-escape ramps or vehicle run-out areas, have long been a road-safety feature for safely stopping heavy road vehicles from running off the road. In the recent past, there has been consideration given to installing these features on highway access ramps to provide safe areas to stop passenger cars driving at highway speeds. The work presented in this article was performed to investigate the behaviour of standard-size passenger cars on gravel-filled arrester beds, with a particular focus on the achievable vehicle decelerations and the ability of the arrester beds to safely stop a passenger car coasting in an uncontrolled manner. The findings show that the achievable average decelerations are in the range of 0.3 g for coasting vehicles and up to 0.9 g when the vehicles are braking. The results prove that more research is required to quantify the influence of the gravel parameters on the achievable decelerations.

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Non-uniformities and defects in materials of passenger car tyres-selected issues

WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.4550 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 9-20

Author(s):

Sylwia Bęczkowska ◽

Jarosław Korzeb ◽

Seweryn Koziak ◽

Michał Opala ◽

Andrzej Weyssenhoff

Keyword(s):

Research Methods ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Passenger Car ◽

Materials Used

The article analyses the selected defects and consequences which may result from the use of defective tires for passenger cars. It also describes the assembly of the tires and the materials used in its production. In the article the authors presented their research methods and acceptable parameters of the measurements of non-uniformity of materials.

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Assessment of the functional functionality of passenger car brake systems by changing the braking distance during operation

Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport ◽

10.31649/2413-4503-2021-13-1-78-86 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 78-86

Author(s):

Alexander Nazarov ◽

◽

Vitalii Kashkanov ◽

Ivan Nazarov ◽

Yevhen Ivanchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Operating Conditions ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Passenger Car ◽

Emergency Braking ◽

Braking System ◽

Braking Distance ◽

Braking Force ◽

Braking Process ◽

Relative Change

The article discusses a methodology for assessing the functional suitability of brake systems to change the braking path of passenger cars, taking into account various operating conditions. The goal is achieved by using the method of mathematical modeling of the emergency braking process, taking into account the possible operating conditions of cars performing emergency braking at certain initial speeds, in particular, exceeding 100 km / h. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, it has been established that the determination of the braking efficiency of a vehicle classically occurs on the verge of blocking all wheels with known methods of distributing braking forces between the axles of the vehicle. In this case, the standards set the maximum value of the minimum deceleration and braking distance. In addition, the jump in the maximum possible value of the braking force between the wheels of each axle makes it possible to compare it with the requirements of DSTU 3649: 2010, and the assessment of the magnitude of this jump for each braking of the car is to establish its functional suitability. As a result, according to the magnitude of the jump in the maximum possible value of the braking distance, the change in the maximum allowable braking force of the car sets, and according to the magnitude of its jump, it is possible to assess the functional suitability of its braking system. As a result, the use of expert information on the value of jumps in the maximum possible value of the braking force of a car, affecting the braking torques and braking coefficient, can reduce the amount of experimental research and significantly reduce the time to reach an objective decision on the functional suitability of the brake systems of operated cars. The paper presents the results of theoretical studies of passenger cars Chevrolet Aveo, Lada Priora and Forza with different loads, performing emergency braking at an initial speed of 40-150 km / h on a road with dry asphalt concrete. The boundaries of the coefficient of the relative change in the braking distance of the tested passenger car, at which it is possible to make a conclusion about the functional suitability of its braking system, have been established.

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Analytic Determination of Reference Passenger Car Size for Parking Space Dimensioning in Croatia

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v24i3.314 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 215-222

Author(s):

Davor Brčić ◽

Marko Šoštarić ◽

Marko Ševrović

Keyword(s):

Space Dimension ◽

Parking Space ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Design Standards ◽

Passenger Car ◽

Analytic Determination ◽

State Institutions ◽

The Past ◽

The World

Dimensions of parking spaces have been subject to standardization in recent decades in the world. Different state institutions and standardization committees regulated parking space sizes based on typical passenger car size and ergonomic conditions. Most of these regulations are not following the notable growth in size of passenger cars that has been the case in the past 30 years. In that period in Croatia, a significant increase was also observed in the number of passenger cars in mid-sized and large passenger car classes thus emphasising the problem of outdated and inadequate parking space dimension standard. In this paper an analytic procedure is presented that takes into account the number and types of passenger cars registered in Croatia that leads to the determination of reference passenger car size. This reference values, as well as other relevant ergonomic standards are used to calculate the recommended parking space dimensions in Croatia. The purpose of this analysis is to produce new recommendations and suggest new design standards for parking spaces in Croatia as well as to provide analytic procedures to conduct similar researches in other areas.

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