scholarly journals Analytic Determination of Reference Passenger Car Size for Parking Space Dimensioning in Croatia

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Davor Brčić ◽  
Marko Šoštarić ◽  
Marko Ševrović
Keyword(s):  
Space Dimension ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Analytic Determination ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Dimensions of parking spaces have been subject to standardization in recent decades in the world. Different state institutions and standardization committees regulated parking space sizes based on typical passenger car size and ergonomic conditions. Most of these regulations are not following the notable growth in size of passenger cars that has been the case in the past 30 years. In that period in Croatia, a significant increase was also observed in the number of passenger cars in mid-sized and large passenger car classes thus emphasising the problem of outdated and inadequate parking space dimension standard. In this paper an analytic procedure is presented that takes into account the number and types of passenger cars registered in Croatia that leads to the determination of reference passenger car size. This reference values, as well as other relevant ergonomic standards are used to calculate the recommended parking space dimensions in Croatia. The purpose of this analysis is to produce new recommendations and suggest new design standards for parking spaces in Croatia as well as to provide analytic procedures to conduct similar researches in other areas.

(Uncontrolled) Donation after Cardiac Determination of Death: A Note of Caution

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Doig ◽  
David A. Zygun
Keyword(s):  
Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Determination Of Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Tissue Recovery ◽  
End Stage

“I think there’s a big strong belief in [...] the community … and maybe it’s in the world at large that somehow the doctors are more concerned about harvesting the organs than what’s best for the patient.”1 In the past 45 years, organ and tissue recovery and transplantation have moved from the occasional and experimental to a standard of care for end-stage organ failure; receiving an organ transplant is for many the only opportunity for increased quantity and/or quality of life. The increasing prevalence of diseases such as viral hepatitis, diabetes, and hypertension has significantly increased the incidence of end-organ failure. Additionally, surgical advances have permitted less stringent qualification criteria, so that people of advanced age or patients who may be in a physiologically fragile state are now eligible to be organ recipients. These changes have created a significant demand for organs.

scholarly journals Designing of Parking Spaces on Parking Taking into Account the Parameters of Design Vehicles

Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Miroslava Mikusova ◽  
Jamshid Abdunazarov ◽  
Joanna Zukowska ◽  
Juraj Jagelcak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Parking Place

Nowadays, in all cities, there is an acute problem of a lack of parking spaces. The number of vehicles is constantly increasing not only in big cities and megacities, but also in small towns of the country, and there are not enough parking places—the pace of solving the problem is several times slower than the growth rate of transport among citizens. The paper is dedicated to the determination of an optimal size of a parking place for design vehicles in a parking space as an element of roads. In the example of passenger cars and trucks, the optimal number of parking places is presented. The results of the research on the dimensioning of parking spaces serve as recommendations and can be used for the design of objects of transportation infrastructure. According to the research, authors introduce the term “design vehicle” and provide its definition. They also figure out optimal parameters for each design vehicle and recommend a special template for designing parking places.

scholarly journals Designing of Parking Spaces Taking into account the Parameters of Design Vehicles in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Miroslava Mikusova ◽  
Jamshid Abdunazarov ◽  
Joanna Zukowska ◽  
Alisher Usmankulov
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Parking Place

Nowadays, in all the cities, there is an acute problem of a lack of parking spaces. The number of vehicles are becoming more and more larger, not only in megacities, but in small cities of the country, as well and there are no more parking places - the pace of solving the problem is several times slower than the rate of the transport growth among the citizens. The article is dedicated to the determination of the optimum sizes parking place for designing vehicles on a parking space, which is an element of the roads. The optimum amount parking places are determined on examples of the passenger cars and trucks. The results of research on dimensioning of parking spaces and recommendations to use the results for design of objects of transportation infrastructure are presented. According to the research, authors included the term "design vehicle" and gave its definition. The authors developed a template for 7 types of design vehicles and their sizes and also recommended sizes for longitudinal parking for each of their design vehicles. The optimum parking plot angles are determined, as well.

scholarly journals Statistics in Serbia

2004 ◽  
pp. 225-252
Author(s):  
Miodrag Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Development ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Types Of Information

From 1804 and the liberation from the foreign rule, Serbia tried to build a state of the European type. These efforts are indicated by the creation of numerous institutions which include statistics, too. Statistics offers testimonies about states and societies, representing them to the domestic and world public. It does so by collecting data about the territory and population, economy and culture of a country. The collected data are processed and published. Thus the politicians, scientists, businessmen and broad public acquire insights useful for the implementation of their activities and for a better understanding of the environment in which they work. Even before The First Serbian Uprising there were state institutions in the territory of the then Serbia. For the needs of that administration certain counts were made. But it was the work of foreign empires. Only the statistics created for the needs of Serbia?s own Principality, later Kingdom belongs to the history of Serbian statehood. That is why the national uprising begun in 1804 marks its justified historical start, and World War II was a logical moment for the end of this review. Understanding the development of the statistic service requires at least two types of information. First, it is useful to bear in mind those factors of social development which imposed the need for statistics in Serbia. The second set of remarks is related to the fact that Serbia at the time took the example of the statistical services in the more developed part of the world. Remarks about the stimuli from these two sources given in this text are only a reminder of the obligation to carry out still unfinished essential studies of the past. There were statistic reaserches in Serbia even before the foundation of the statistics service. Everything done in this area before 1862 belongs to the pioneering attempts, to the preparatory period, to prehistory. However, precisely these first endeavours clearly reveal governmental reasons for which statistics was created. That is why the statistics endeavours even before the establishment of the state statistics service also deserve attention.

scholarly journals Flammability tests of materials used inside automotive vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Piotr Kaczmarzyk ◽  
Piotr Lesiak ◽  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Konrad Waluś
Keyword(s):  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Materials Used

This publication presents the flame propagation rates of tested materials according to PN-ISO 3795 requirements. Road vehicles and tractors, agricultural and forestry machinery - Determination of combustibility of materials used inside vehicles for upholstery taken from 15 different passenger car models and assessment of the possibility of using an alternative verification procedure flammability of products used in passenger cars.

scholarly journals PASSENGER CAR USAGE FOR COMMUTING TO WORK AS A FUNCTION OF LIMITED STAY AT CAR PARKS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Basarić ◽  
Jelena Mitrović ◽  
Zoran Papić
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The City

The analysis of the experiences in European cities, following the implementation of different transport policy measures, has led to a conclusion that parking policy measures have the dominant effect on the choice of private car as a mode of transport. This effect is the greatest for the commutes to work, characterized by the longest duration of parking space occupancy. Given the aforementioned experiences in developed European cities, the main aim of the study presented here was the determination of a relationship between limiting the duration of parking space occupancy in the Novi Sad city centre and the transport participants’ decision whether or not to use passenger car to commute to work. Based on the established interdependence between these parameters, we developed a mathematical model for calculating a number of expected car (commuting) journeys that terminate in the city centre as a function of limited duration of parking space occupancy.  

scholarly journals Urdu-25 A Principles of Amendment of the Society in the Teaching / Light of the addresses of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (R.A)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-334
Author(s):  
Uzma Bashir ◽  
Kaleem ullah Bin Muhammad Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arabic Poetry ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Important Principles in the Light of the Sermons of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq in Reforming Society. The art of Addressing is very important in Islam, Arabic is considered to be the best language in the world in terms of its comprehensiveness and beauty of expression and the Arabs also claim superiority over other nations in this regard, their claim was in the past and Even today. Especially before His  resurrection,  Arabic poetry was considered the best source of Arabic language and literature. This language was found in the form of poems and speeches. In Arabs, poetry and rhetoric were considered the most important source of ideas. Through speech, the chiefship and determination of one's own tribe was expressed. In conversation, speech was used to make others agree. Speech was considered as the first condition for ruling. People of every tribe used to acquire this art to train their children in it. After the advent of Islam, significant virtues were born in this art. When Islam came, the people of that time were proud of their language, rhetoric and eloquence. They  were so proud of their rhetoric and eloquence that they used to call the whole world “Ajami” except themselves. He  صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم Who was the preacher of of Revolution, perfectly Role model in the field of Addressing by the essence of rhetoric.  “And my brother Haron's language is more fluent than mine. Send him as a helper to me to confirm me because I am afraid they will deny me” Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was Siddiq of the Islamic Ummah, Rasoolullah's Companion and Khatib pf Yom-e-Saqifa and the first caliph and the  milestone in hstory of Islamic oratory. Which not only saved the Islamic Ummah from disintegration and disintegration but also paved the way for the eradication of apostates, deniers of Zakat, false claimants of Prophethood and then opened the door to the conquests of Islam by which the Muslims By defeating the two greatest forces by that time in a single century.t, Islam bestowed  Respect and strength, the effects of which have not been erased from the hearts of the world till date. Among the Rightly Guided Caliphs, the selected sermons of the first Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) have been recorded, and social principles have been written from them. Work patientlyThe following sermon was delivered by Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) on the occasion of the death of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). This sermon of his is very important in its nature. His understanding and the delicacy of the occasion as He handled it. It was his worth only. Hazrat Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madinah from his house (after the death of the Holy Prophet), then he went to the Prophet's Masjid and then came to my room in silence. He opened the body of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), bowed down and kissed him and wept

scholarly journals The Tourist Typology in Cultural Tourism in Turkey: Flâneur and Choraster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1, 2 e 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lale Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Space Dimension ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural Place ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract In this study, the existence and validity of the flâneurconcept in terms of cultural tourism is discussed. In addition to this concept, chorasteris the second concept to be considered in terms of the inclusion of increased tourist perception. W. Benjamin speaks of flâneurin his writings which are put together under the name of the Passages. The Flâneuris a ‘modern urban traveler’ with a brief description and it is defined as “thinker-traveler”. He/She has a routine and endless exploration of the streets and passages with the start of the modernize in Paris in the 19th century. The discovery of Flâneuris repeated every day, rediscovering the urban fabric and structures. The definition of tourist can be associated with the concept of flâneur. The tourist comes up with two content; the person who tries to know this city where he is a foreigner for a while and the second one is trying to get to know the city with his / her foreigner routes even though he lives. The concept of chorasterdefines the person who experiences the experience of tourism with the time and space dimension by establishing interest in the place. The origin of the word chorasteris deriving from chora, in Greek and it means rural place and/or outdoor. In the tourism area, the tourist described as chorasterindicates his/her the interest and activity about destination during the visit. Cultural tourism has been a part of mass tourism in recent years. As well as in the world in Turkey, selective groups of tourists interested in the distinctly cultural tourism in terms of the conceptual area. The main aim of this study is intended to demonstrate the determination of the existence and development of the two concepts in cultural tourism of Turkey. Through this study, the concepts of flâneurand chorasterwill be defined in terms of tourist groups of the participator of the cultural tourism in İstanbul, Turkey. It would be a contribution to the cultural tourism literature in a new light of conceptual content. Keywords:Cultural tourism. Tourist.Turkey. Flâneur. Choraster.  

Techno-Optimism and Rational Superstition

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wilson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rational Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Retroactive Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Common Understanding

This article examines some of the implications of technological optimism. I first contextualize, historically and culturally (Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar [2014] is considered as a particularly salient example), some contemporary variants of techno-optimism in relation to the equally significant contemporary exemplars of techno-pessimism, skepticism and fatalism. I show that this techno-optimism is often instrumentalized in the sense that the optimistic outlook as such is believed to have some influence on the evolving state of affairs. The cogency of this assumption is scrutinized. I argue that in the absence of explicit probabilities, such optimism presupposes some form of retro-causation, where the future is held to somehow have a retroactive effect on the past. This suggests that the underlying mechanism by which techno-optimism is supposed to be instrumental in bringing about the future is fundamentally superstitious. Such superstition, of course, goes against our common understanding of reason and rationality, for adopting rational expectations about the world requires that we avoid the emotional over-determination of our assessments. I show that applied reason is conceptually entangled with this superstitious optimism in the continued successes of technology. The article thus reveals a curious sense in which reason is intrinsically superstitious. I offer an evolutionary explanation for this, showing that the biological origins of reason will by nature tend to produce rational agents which are superstitiously bound to realism and causality, and thus implicitly optimistic about technology’s capacity to overcome contingency.

scholarly journals Assessment of the functional functionality of passenger car brake systems by changing the braking distance during operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Alexander Nazarov ◽  
◽  
Vitalii Kashkanov ◽  
Ivan Nazarov ◽  
Yevhen Ivanchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Relative Change

The article discusses a methodology for assessing the functional suitability of brake systems to change the braking path of passenger cars, taking into account various operating conditions. The goal is achieved by using the method of mathematical modeling of the emergency braking process, taking into account the possible operating conditions of cars performing emergency braking at certain initial speeds, in particular, exceeding 100 km / h. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, it has been established that the determination of the braking efficiency of a vehicle classically occurs on the verge of blocking all wheels with known methods of distributing braking forces between the axles of the vehicle. In this case, the standards set the maximum value of the minimum deceleration and braking distance. In addition, the jump in the maximum possible value of the braking force between the wheels of each axle makes it possible to compare it with the requirements of DSTU 3649: 2010, and the assessment of the magnitude of this jump for each braking of the car is to establish its functional suitability. As a result, according to the magnitude of the jump in the maximum possible value of the braking distance, the change in the maximum allowable braking force of the car sets, and according to the magnitude of its jump, it is possible to assess the functional suitability of its braking system. As a result, the use of expert information on the value of jumps in the maximum possible value of the braking force of a car, affecting the braking torques and braking coefficient, can reduce the amount of experimental research and significantly reduce the time to reach an objective decision on the functional suitability of the brake systems of operated cars. The paper presents the results of theoretical studies of passenger cars Chevrolet Aveo, Lada Priora and Forza with different loads, performing emergency braking at an initial speed of 40-150 km / h on a road with dry asphalt concrete. The boundaries of the coefficient of the relative change in the braking distance of the tested passenger car, at which it is possible to make a conclusion about the functional suitability of its braking system, have been established.

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