Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Roundabout Using a Microscopic Simulation

Roundabouts are one of the safest types of intersections. There are a number of roundabout types in literature. Each roundabout type is distinguished by some characteristics. To design more efficient junctions, hybrid roundabouts can be created by combining their required characteristics geometrically. In this study, the safety feature of the turbo junction type and the easing up the traffic density feature of the hamburger junction have been combined. Some geometric parameters and layout details of the proposed hybrid roundabout are given, and its performance was simulated in a signalised 4-leg roundabout as the most frequently used intersection in Antalya. The performance of the proposed hybrid roundabout was compared with the status in 2016 and the current status in 2017 and beyond of the roundabout through AIMSUN transport simulation software. In regard to performance analysis, delay time, travel time, speed, density, fuel consumption, number of stops, queuing, carbon emission were analysed for all statuses and compared. In addition, traffic safety analysis has been performed for all statuses and compared. Results show that the overall average performance of the proposed roundabout increases by 40% and 41.8% in comparison with the statutes in 2016, 2017 and beyond, respectively. The proposed roundabout is 41% safer than the status in 2016, and the accident risk is lower by 18.5% than the current status.

Driver Monitoring Systems: Perceived Fairness of Consequences when Distractions are Detected

Driver monitoring may become a standard safety feature to discourage distraction in vehicles with or without automated driving functions. Research to date has focused on technology for identifying driver distraction—little is known about how drivers will respond to monitoring systems. An exploratory online survey assessed the perceived risk and reasonableness associated with driving distractions as well as the perceived fairness of potential consequences when a driver monitoring system detects distractions under either manual driving or Level 2 automated driving. Although more re- search is needed, results suggested: (1) fairness was associated with perceived risk; (2) alerts generally were viewed as fair; (3) more severe consequences (feature lockouts, insurance reporting, automation lockouts, involuntary takeovers) generally were viewed as less fair; (4) fairness ratings were similar for manual versus Level 2 driving, with some potential exceptions; and (5) perceived risk of distractions was slightly lower with automated driving.

Intelligent Drowsy Drive Alert using OpenCV and Convolutional Neural Network

The objective of this paper is to propose a non-intrusive system that can detect fatigue of any human body and issue a warning in time.Driver sleep detection is an automobile safety feature that helps to avoid accidents when the driver falls asleep behind the wheel. According to various researches, roughly 25% of traffic accidents are caused by weariness. Without taking regular breaks, drivers become drowsy and they may fail to recognize the risks. This project can give drivers utmost safety by preventing him from getting asleep while driving.

Robo-HUD: Interaction Concept for Contactless Operation of Industrial Cobotic Systems

Intuitive and safe interfaces for robots are challenging issues in robotics. Robo-HUD is a gadget-less interaction concept for contactless operation of industrial systems. We use virtual collision detection based on time-of-flight sensor data, combined with augmented reality and audio feedback, allowing the operators to navigate a virtual menu by “hover and hold” gestures. When incorporated with virtual safety barriers, the collision detection also functions as a safety feature, slowing or stopping the robot if a barrier is breached. Additionally, a user focus recognition module monitors the awareness, enabling the interaction only when intended. Early case studies show that these features present good use-cases for inspection tasks and operation in difficult environments, where contactless operation is needed.

Death and Injury in Motorcycle Accidents: The Utilisation of Technology to Reduce Risk.

In the early 1970s in Great Britain, the fatality rate for motorcyclists was twenty times that for a car driver, this relative risk has widened to around fifty in modern times. Motorcycling has not become more hazardous, rather a modest decline in the fatality rate over four decades has been eclipsed by a considerably greater reduction in the rate for car drivers. Travel by car has become safer, with seatbelts, a rigid safety cell and crumple zones, airbags, head restraints, energy-absorbing steering wheels, and shatter-resistant windscreens, all contributing to risk reduction. A motorcyclist, conversely, on most modern machines, has none of these features, with the crash helmet being the only safety feature generally adopted by motorcyclists over the last half century. The risk inherent in motorcycling could be reduced to a similar level as car travel by a radical re-design of the motorcycle to include a rigid safety cell, clad in energy absorbing deformable material, coupled with a rider restraint system. Less radical technological changes that could reduce the risk of injury, or death, include fitted anti-lock braking systems, ideally with integrated stability control, and an integral impact-activated airbag may arrest the forward motion of a rider in frontal impact conditions. The relatively simple measure of increased rider and/or machine conspicuousness can reduce the risk of certain accidents.

Comparative Analysis of Reactivity Calculations for the CERMET Fueled ADS with Serpent and MCNP6 Codes

The ADS (accelerator driven system) is recognized as a promising system to annihilate the radioactivity of nuclear waste with its inherent safety feature and waste transmutation potential. Thus, conceptual designs of ADS are widely carrying out. In order to verify the accuracy of an innovative ADS core modeling by using simulation codes, the reactivity calculations of CERMET fueled ADS were conducted using two Monte Carlo codes, Serpent and MCNP6 with ENDF/B-VII.0 library. The comparison shows a good agreement between two codes including the eigenvalue (less than 50 pcm) and fuel temperature feedback (discrepancy is within the standard deviation). It implies that the ADS was modelled successfully and can be used for further investigation. Keywords: CERMET fueled ADS, Serpent code, MCNP6, reactivity calculation.

Kajian Implementasi Field Programmable Gate Array untuk Rencana Modernisasi Sistem Proteksi Reaktor

Penggunaan Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) pada reaktor nuklir sudah dilakukan sejak 2016, terutama diaplikasikan pada perangkat Sistem Instrumentasi dan Kendali (SIK). FPGA sebelumnya sudah diujikan pada rancangan Sistem Proteksi Reaktor (SPR) dan Engineered Safety Feature – Component Control System (ESF-CCS) reaktor daya tipe APR1400. Dengan adanya rencana peremajaan SIK reaktor serbaguna G.A. Siwabessy (RSG-GAS) pada bagian SPR, diharapkan sistem berbasis FPGA juga dapat diimplementasikan pada reaktor riset. Dengan pertimbangan nilai ekonomi, keamanan dan juga keandalannya, FPGA yang berbasis perangkat keras dinilai akan lebih aman dari serangan jaringan, lebih murah dari Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) yang berbasis perangkat lunak dan proses verifikasi dan validasinya yang lebih sederhana. Untuk menjamin berlangsungnya performa SPR RSG-GAS, proses digitalisasi perangkat kendali tidak dapat dihindari dan sebaiknya dilakukan. Penelitian ini membahas siklus perancangan berbasis FPGA yang diawali dengan mengkaji dokumen panduan terkait sistem yang penting untuk keselamatan terutama yang berbasis FPGA agar dapat mengacu kepada persyaratan, baik untuk perancangan perangkat keras maupun perangkat lunak, proses reverse engineering hingga proses validasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini bertujuan agar pada proses desain dalam upaya peremajaan SPR RSG-GAS dapat mengikuti metode yang telah disyaratkan terkait perancangan SIK berbasis FPGA untuk reaktor riset, sehingga dapat mempermudah proses perolehan ijin dari badan pengawas tenaga nuklir untuk dapat dilakukan penggantian desain SPR berbasis FPGA.

The Effects of Trailer Towing on the Dynamics of a Lane-Keeping Controller

The main question this paper aims to address is whether a lane-keeping controller can serve as a safety feature in order to increase handling and stability of car-trailer combinations. The derivation of a nonholonomic car-trailer model is provided and its open-loop stability is analyzed. A look-ahead based lane-keeping controller is applied to the system, and a comparison is made between the closed-loop stability of an individual car and a car-trailer setup. The critical speed of the vehicle combination is shown as a function of various trailer parameters, with and without the lane-keeping controller enabled. A modified version of the controller is also tested, utilizing feedback of the trailer states. This ensures that the trailer is also kept at the center of the lane, but no improvement was found in terms of stable trailer configurations.