scholarly journals BASIC CLASSIFIERS OF FORMAL CLASSIFICATION THEORY OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: HIERARCHIES, VECTORS AND MATRICES, BANDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Natalia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Discrete Band ◽  
Formal Classification ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Structure Dimension

The article considers the importance of a technical system among other technical systems in order to ensure its functioning and development, to classify objects, subjects, processes of the technical and related systems. Previously, the author presented the basics of the formal classification theory. This article describes the basic classifiers and operations with them. Three types of basic classifications are identified: discrete hierarchical, discrete matrix and continuous band classifications. For them the concept, structure, dimension, basic operations (addition, multiplication, equality) are defined. In the hierarchy, the classification attributes can be sorted by subordination, when the classification attributes of the lower levels of the hierarchy detail the features of higher levels. The dimension of the hierarchical classification is the number of levels of classification features. Matrix classifications (including vector and super-matrix) are used when the classification attributes are equal and their values are discrete. Band classifications are similar in structure to matrix classifications, but the value of the classification attribute is the interval of numbers, for which the lower and upper boundaries are determined. The dimension of the matrix and band classifications is equal to the number of non-subordinate classification attributes. For all classifications, multiplication is equivalent to the introduction of new classification attributes, addition is the introduction of new values of already existing classification attributes. A unified approach to various types of classifications makes it possible to plan the structure of classifications of specific technical systems, taking into account the properties of characteristic parameters

scholarly journals COMPLEX CLASSIFIERS OF FORMAL CLASSIFICATION THEORY OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: HIERARCHO-MATRIX, ZONE, CYCLIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Natalia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Formal Theory ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
Target Classification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Formal Classification ◽  
Complex Technical Systems ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Matrix ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Similar Elements

The article highlights the different aspects of complex technical systems that can be ordered and classified in accordance with the totality, structure and values of the attributes characterizing these systems by a unified approach to various types of classifications. The most complex classifiers studied in this work are hierarchical-matrix, cyclic and zonal classifiers. Zones are the areas identified in the space of classification attributes that characterized by a similar value of an additional target classification attribute. The dimension of the zonal classification is equal to the number of descriptive classification attributes, the zonal dimension is equal to the number of zones. Adding the zones is carried out according to the target classification criterion, multiplying the zones consists in introducing the new descriptive classification attributes. Cyclicity is repetition of the similar elements that occurs in the space of physical quantities or other parameters. The concept of cycle stages is defined for all cycles, which is a specific (target) classification attribute. The internal dimension of the cycle is equal to the number of stages, the external dimension is equal to the number of acts of the cycle, the descriptive dimension is equal to the number of descriptive classification attributes. Addition of cycles can be carried out both by stages and by descriptive features and consists in increasing the number of values of classification attribute. Multiplication of cycles consists in the introduction of new descriptive classification attributes. Zonal and cyclic classifiers are widely used in the practice of describing and planning technical energy systems. A wide range of classifiers ordered from the standpoint of a unified formal theory of classification will take into account the features of specific technical systems, the conditions for the objects functioning, the context of the interpretation area. As a re-sult, the degree of adequacy of classifiers to the diversity of the interpretation area objects and the representativeness of models based on classifiers will increase

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF FORMAL CLASSIFICATION THEORY OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: CASE OF ENERGY FACILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Formal Theory ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Continuous Band ◽  
Formal Classification ◽  
Complex Technical Systems ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the power generating and other energy facilities as complex technical systems interacting with the material, financial, informational and legal environment. To ensure functioning and development of a technical system it is important to determine its place among other technical systems: technical systems and their elements must be classified. There have been presented the principles of formal theory of technical system classification. The classification objects have been given a definition. The concepts of classification, classification attribute and meaning of the classification attribute are formalized. The goal and tasks of the classification are formulated. The stages of forming and applying classifiers include developing the composition and structure of classifier kernel, marking interpretation elements and selecting an element corresponding to the user's request. The alphabet, inference rules, axioms and main theorems of the classification formal theory are presented. It is proved that a complete consistent independent classification theory is decidable. The taxonomy of the classifier types is considered: elementary (incomplete and complete), basic (discrete hierarchical, discrete matrix, continuous band), complex (combined and limiting). Examples of using classifiers of various types in the description of energy objects are given. The algorithms, labeling and selection problems are considered. The use of a grounded and structured classification theory allows better understanding and description of the relationship between technical and related systems and l increases the efficiency of functioning and development of technical systems.

New Classification Theory for Topological Gapless Superconducting Nodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Crystal Symmetry ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
Superconducting Gap ◽  
New Classification

A new classification theory on topological superconducting gap nodes predicts two new gap structures emerging from a nonsymmorphic crystal symmetry and angular momentum.

scholarly journals Issues surrounding the classification of accounting information

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibrecht Van der Poll ◽  
Daan Gouws
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Current Classification

The act of classifying information created by accounting practices is ubiquitous in the accounting process; from recording to reporting, it has almost become second nature. The classification has to correspond to the requirements and demands of the changing environment in which it is practised. Evidence suggests that the current classification of items in financial statements is not keeping pace with the needs of users and the new financial constructs generated by the industry. This study addresses the issue of classification in two ways: by means of a critical analysis of classification theory and practices and by means of a questionnaire that was developed and sent to compilers and users of financial statements. A new classification framework for accounting information in the balance sheet and income statement is proposed.

Towards a new classification of tribe Stachydeae (Lamiaceae): naming clades using molecular evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Salmaki ◽  
Günther Heubl ◽  
Maximilian Weigend
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Formal Classification ◽  
Phylogenetic Nomenclature

AbstractStachydeae, comprising c. 470 species, are one of the most diverse and taxonomically puzzling groups in Lamioideae. In the present study, the phylogenetic relationships in the Eurystachys clade (a phylogenetic name for all genera attributed to Stachydeae except Melittis) were reconstructed utilizing nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (nrETS, 5S-NTS) from 148 accessions in 12 genera. Our phylogenetic results recovered Stachys as paraphyletic with numerous traditionally recognized genera nested in it. A broadly defined Eurystachys clade, however, was monophyletic. Unlike previous studies, the present study was able to resolve the group into 12 well-supported clades, named here as (1) Eriostomum, (2) Stachys, (3) Prasium, (4) Setifolia, (5) Distantes, (6) Burgsdorfia, (7) Hesiodia, (8) Empedoclia, (9) Sideritis, (10) Marrubiastrum, (11) Swainsoniana and (12) Olisia. These 12 clades were formally named in a phylogenetic nomenclature for the Eurystachys clade. Several infrageneric units were retrieved as monophyletic, namely Sideritis sections Burgsdorfia, Empedoclia and Hesiodia, Sideritis subgenus Marrubiastrum and Stachys sections Eriostomum (including Stachys section Mucronata) and Setifolia. The findings of this study also provide the basis for a future formal classification, with two options: (1) splitting of the Eurystachys clade into 12 monophyletic genera, all of them based on pre-existing genus names and redefined to encompass additional taxa, but without clear morphological apomorphies; or (2) lumping of all segregates into a broadly defined Stachys, including widely recognized and well-defined segregates such as Prasium and Sideritis.

scholarly journals Solving Bisymmetric Solution of a Class of Matrix Equations Based on Linear Saturated System Model Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
System Model ◽  
Matrix Equations ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Neural Network Structure ◽  
Low Efficiency

In order to solve the complicated process and low efficiency and low accuracy of solving a class of matrix equations, this paper introduces the linear saturated system model neural network architecture to solve the bisymmetric solution of a class of matrix equations. Firstly, a class of matrix equations is constructed to determine the key problems of solving the equations. Secondly, the linear saturated system model neural network structure is constructed to determine the characteristic parameters in the process of bisymmetric solution. Then, the matrix equations is solved by using backpropagation neural network topology. Finally, the class normalization is realized by using the objective function of bisymmetric solution, and the bisymmetric solution of a class of matrix equations is realized. In order to verify the solving effect of the method in this paper, three indexes (accuracy, correction accuracy, and solving time) are designed in the experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the solving time, can improve the accuracy and correction effect of the bisymmetric solution, and has high practicability.

A Review on Performance Analysis of Matrix Converter Fed AC Motor Drive

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sri Vidhya Dhandapani ◽  
Venkatesan Thangavel
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Matrix Converter ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Ac Motor ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Efficiency Comparison ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
And Control

<p class="Abstract">This paper presents a review on the analysis of characteristics that determines the performance of the matrix converter fed AC motor drive. Review is made based on the analysis of the different characteristics achieved in the literature. Different characteristic parameters considered in this paper are total harmonic distortion, common mode voltage, voltage transfer ratio and efficiency. Comparison and analysis of these characteristic parameters is done based on various semi conductor switches, topology, and control and modulation techniques.</p>

Ichnotaxonomy: A Burrow by Any Other Name…?

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. A. Magwood
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Formal Classification ◽  
Common Observation

Ichnotaxonomy is a formal, hierarchical classification system for trace fossils (=ichnofossils, the fossilized results of behavior). It includes a binomial nomenclature similar to the zoological taxonomic hierarchy applied to organisms. A common observation from non-ichnologists is that a formal system of classification and nomenclature for footprints, burrows, and other holes in the ground seems a bit excessive. Surely a burrow by any other name is still a burrow? However, ichnology has a real need of formal classification and names. There is a great diversity of both trace fossils and of processes that affect their form. Understanding and making use of this diversity requires an effective and generally agreed upon means of classification and nomenclature. To show that this is the case, one must understand both the principles of classification and how they are applied to trace fossils.

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