PRINCIPLES OF FORMAL CLASSIFICATION THEORY OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: CASE OF ENERGY FACILITIES

The article describes the power generating and other energy facilities as complex technical systems interacting with the material, financial, informational and legal environment. To ensure functioning and development of a technical system it is important to determine its place among other technical systems: technical systems and their elements must be classified. There have been presented the principles of formal theory of technical system classification. The classification objects have been given a definition. The concepts of classification, classification attribute and meaning of the classification attribute are formalized. The goal and tasks of the classification are formulated. The stages of forming and applying classifiers include developing the composition and structure of classifier kernel, marking interpretation elements and selecting an element corresponding to the user's request. The alphabet, inference rules, axioms and main theorems of the classification formal theory are presented. It is proved that a complete consistent independent classification theory is decidable. The taxonomy of the classifier types is considered: elementary (incomplete and complete), basic (discrete hierarchical, discrete matrix, continuous band), complex (combined and limiting). Examples of using classifiers of various types in the description of energy objects are given. The algorithms, labeling and selection problems are considered. The use of a grounded and structured classification theory allows better understanding and description of the relationship between technical and related systems and l increases the efficiency of functioning and development of technical systems.

Two-Parametric, Mathematically Undisclosed Solitary Electron Holes and Their Evolution Equation

The examination of the mutual influence of the two main trapping scenarios, which are characterized by B and D and which in isolation yield the known sech4 (D=0) and Gaussian (B=0) electron holes, show generalized, two-parametric solitary wave solutions. This increases the variety of hole solutions considerably beyond the two cases previously discussed, but at the expense of their mathematical disclosure, since ϕ(x), the electrical wave potential, can no longer be expressed analytically by known functions. Therefore, they belong to a variety with a partially hidden mathematical background, a hitherto unexplored world of structure formation, the origin of which is the chaotic individual particle dynamics at resonance in the coherent wave particle interaction. A third trapping scenario Γ, being independent of (B, D) and representing the perturbative trapping scenarios in lowest order, provides a broad, continuous band of associated phase velocities v0. For structures propagating near CSEA=1.307, the slowelectronacousticspeed, a Generalized Schamel equation is derived: φτ+[A−B158φ+Dlnφ]φx−φxxx=0, which governs their evolution. A is associated with the phase speed and τ:=CSEAt and φ:=ϕ/ψ≥0 are the renormalized time and electric potential, respectively, where ψ is the amplitude of the structure.

Simultaneous multi-telescope observations of FRB 121102

ABSTRACT We present 11 detections of FRB 121102 in ∼3 h of observations during its ‘active’ period on the 10th of 2019 September. The detections were made using the newly deployed MeerTRAP system and single pulse detection pipeline at the MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa. Fortuitously, the Nançay radio telescope observations on this day overlapped with the last hour of MeerKAT observations and resulted in four simultaneous detections. The observations with MeerKAT’s wide band receiver, which extends down to relatively low frequencies (900–1670 MHz usable L-band range), have allowed us to get a detailed look at the complex frequency structure, intensity variations, and frequency-dependent sub-pulse drifting. The drift rates we measure for the full-band and sub-banded data are consistent with those published between 600 and 6500 MHz with a slope of −0.147 ± 0.014 ms−1. Two of the detected bursts exhibit fainter ‘precursors’ separated from the brighter main pulse by ∼28 and ∼34 ms. A follow-up multi-telescope campaign on the 6th and 8th of 2019 October to better understand these frequency drifts and structures over a wide and continuous band was undertaken. No detections resulted, indicating that the source was ‘inactive’ over a broad frequency range during this time.

Perbaikan Kemasan Kerupuk Singkong (Samiler) di UKM Karya Lestari Jaya Tulungagung

Cassava or cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of Indonesia's local carbohydrate sources which ranks third largest after rice and corn. One of the uses of cassava is cassava crackers (samiler). Cassava crackers (samiler) are very popular snacks among the people, made from cassava, thin round in shape and taste delicious. Production Capacity of Karya Lestari Jaya's UKM in producing cassava crackers (samiler) in 1 day is ± 20 kg of material or 5 kg of dried cassava crackers (samiler). In one month cassava cracker orders (samiler) can reach ± 80-120 kg. The production process of cassava crackers (samiler) goes through several stages, including: raw material process, printing process, steam process, drying process and packaging process. The problem that can be identified in the field of production is the limited equipment in the packaging process and weighing the samiler cassava crackers. Karya Lestari Jaya's UKM partners in calculating product prices per package have not met the break even point (BEP) standard, so it cannot be maximized in business management. From the above conditions, the method and results of this service are providing technology transfer by providing vaccum sealer machines, continuous band sealers, and digital scales as well as training in the use of tools and training in Break Even Point (BEP) so as to increase production efficiency of cassava crackers (samiler). ABSTRAKSingkong atau ubikayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) merupakan salah satu sumber karbohidrat lokal Indonesia yang menduduki urutan ketiga terbesar setelah padi dan jagung. Salah satu pemanfaatan singkong adalah kerupuk singkong (samiler). Kerupuk singkong (samiler) adalah makanan ringan yang sangat populer dikalangan masyarakat, terbuat dari singkong , berbentuk bundar tipis dan rasanya gurih. Kapasitas Produksi UKM Karya Lestari Jaya dalam memproduksi kerupuk singkong (samiler) dalam 1 hari sebanyak ± 20 kg bahan atau 5 kg kerupuk singkong (samiler) kering. Dalam satu bulan pesanan kerupuk singkong (samiler) dapat mencapai ± 80-120 kg. Proses Produksi kerupuk singkong (samiler) melalui beberapa tahapan, antara lain : proses bahan baku, proses pencetakan, proses steam, proses penjemuran dan proses pengemasan. Permasalahan yang dapat diidentifikasi dalam bidang produksi adalah keterbatasan peralatan dalam proses packaging dan penimbangan kerupuk singkong samiler. Mitra UKM Karya Lestari Jaya dalam melakukan perhitungan harga produk per kemasan belum memenuhi standar break even point (BEP), sehingga tidak dapat maksimal dalam pengelolaan usaha. Dari kondisi diatas maka metode dan hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah memberikan transfer teknologi dengan memberikan Mesin vaccum sealer, continuous band sealer, dan timbangan digital serta melakukan pelatihan penggunaan alat dan pelatihan Break Even Point (BEP) sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi produksi Kerupuk singkong (samiler).

Resolving the heterogeneity of diaphragmatic mesenchyme: a novel mouse model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common developmental defect with considerable mortality and morbidity. Diaphragm formation is a complex process, involving several cell types, each with different developmental origins. Due to this complexity, the aetiology of CDH is not well understood. The pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs) and the post hepatic mesenchymal plate (PHMP) are transient structures that are essential during diaphragm development. Using several mouse models including lineage tracing, we demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of the cells that make up the PPFs. The conditional deletion of Wt1 (Wilms’ Tumour gene) in the non-muscle mesenchyme of the PPFs results in CDH. We show that the fusion of the PPFs and the PHMP to form a continuous band of tissue involves migration of cells from both sources. The PPFs of mutant mice fail to fuse with the PHMP and exhibit increased RALDH2 expression. However, no changes in the expression of genes implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are observed. Additionally, the mutant PPFs lack migrating myoblasts and muscle connective tissue fibroblasts (TCF4+/GATA4+), suggesting possible interactions between these cell types. Our study demonstrates the importance of the non-muscle mesenchyme in diaphragm development.Author SummaryCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a frequent developmental defect and it remains one of the most difficult problems of perinatology. The defect can be repaired by surgery but it is often associated with complications and total mortalities are still high (50-60%). The causes of CDH are largely unknown. Body cavity formation is a carefully regulated process, and diaphragm formation defines the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Connective tissue and muscle fibres are the known major players involved in diaphragm formation. Our current study emphasises another player, the mesenchymal cells. We manipulate the expression of an important developmental regulator, Wt1 (Wilms’ tumour gene), in mesenchymal cells in a tissue specific manner using transgenic mouse models. We found that mutant mice can survive till birth, develop diaphragmatic hernia, and die shortly after birth. Ablating Wt1 in the mesenchymal cells leads to ceased movement, and the failure to form a continuous band of tissue. In our model, disruption of mesenchymal cell movement leads to the attenuation of migration of connective tissue fibroblasts and myoblasts, suggesting possible interactions between these cell types.

Immunohistochemistry of the Human Adrenal CYP11B2 in Normal Individuals and in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism

The CYP11B2 enzyme is the terminal enzyme in the biosynthesis of aldosterone. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CYP11B2 defines cells of the adrenal ZG that synthesize aldosterone. CYP11B2 expression is normally stimulated by angiotensin II, but becomes autonomous in primary hyperaldosteronism, in most cases driven by recently discovered somatic mutations of ion channels or pumps. Cells expressing CYP11B2 in young normal humans form a continuous band beneath the adrenal capsule; in older individuals they form discrete clusters, aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC), surrounded by non-aldosterone producing cells in the outer layer of the adrenal gland. Aldosterone-producing adenomas may exhibit a uniform or heterogeneous expression of CYP11B2. APCC frequently persist in the adrenal with an aldosterone-producing adenoma suggesting autonomous CYP11B2 expression in these cells as well. This was confirmed by finding known mutations that drive aldosterone production in adenomas in the APCC of clinically normal people. Unilateral aldosteronism may also be due to multiple CYP11B2-expressing nodules of various sizes or a continuous band of hyperplastic ZG cells expressing CYP11B2. Use of CYP11B2 antibodies to identify areas for sequencing has greatly facilitated the detection of aldosterone-driving mutations.

Low temperature thermodynamics of finite spin-1/2 XX Chain with some distorted links

We present the results of our analytical and numerical study of quantum stationary states and the thermodynamics of exactly solvable finite linear spin-1/2 XX chain with one or two distorted links. The exact dispersion equations for the stationary states with one inverted spin for both cases have been derived. The corresponding spectrum consists of one quasi-continuous band and some localized impurity levels. The analytical inequalities for the values of the critical model parameters describing the appearance of local energy impurity levels above and below quasi-continuous band are obtained and analyzed. The field and the temperature dependences of the main thermodynamic characteristics of these models are studied. It is shown, that the appearance of the localized levels near the distorted links may effect significantly on the thermodynamic properties at low temperatures, leading to the additional singularities in the field and the temperature dependences of the principal thermodynamic characteristics. For example, the field dependence of z-projection of average total spin and the field dependence of the magnetization at zero temperature have the finite jumps associated with the quasi-continuous spectrum, and the impurity levels. The remnants of these jumps at rather low temperature are clearly visible. The average z-projections of the spins of distorted link(s) may decrease with the increasing of the magnetic field for some values of model parameters. The temperature dependence of the specific heat may demonstrate additional maxima at very low temperatures. The complex oscillatory pattern of the time dependence of the dynamical longitudinal pair correlation function and the autocorrelation function is associated with the finiteness of the models and the appearance of associated localized energy levels.

Self-regulation during continuous rolling in broadband mills

The aim of the work is the development of ideas about the regulation of the rolling process in continuous groups of stands of a wide-strip hot rolling mill. By mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the interaction of the stands during continuous rolling, taking into account torsional vibrations and transport transfer, the duration of the self-regulation time of the six-yielding group was determined. It is shown that the parameters of the rolled strip significantly affect the nature of the change in tensions and deviations of the strip thickness after each stand. During the filling of a continuous band with a strip in the mill stands, there are perturbations caused by the capture of the strip by the rolls of each stand. The task of regulatory actions at this point can increase the destabilization of the process. The thickness of the rolled strip slightly affects the self-regulation time of the continuous rolling process. In the modes of rolling and filling the group with a strip, this time was ~ 14 s from the beginning of the disturbance at the entrance to the group. The signs of perturbations and their combinations are determined by the deviation of the strip thickness and temperature, at which a short-term loss of process stability is possible due to a drop in tension in some intervals. It has been established that there are such combinations of perturbation signs in thickness and strip temperature when a group disintegrates into two unrelated ones, which leads to a violation of the stability of the tension process. The above features of self-regulation should be considered when managing the process of continuous rolling.

Epitaxial facet junctions on TiO2 single crystals for efficient photocatalytic water splitting

Metal oxide semiconductors with surface homojunctions characteristic of continuous band bending and well-defined epitaxial interfaces show amazing potential for photocatalytic applications.