SICEM: A Generation Approach of Band Combination for Hyperspectral Imagery Reconstitution Based on Space and Information Analyses

A band selection algorithm named space and information comprehensive evaluation model (SICEM) is proposed in this paper, which reconstitutes the hyperspectral imagery by building an optimal subset to replace the original spectrum. SICEM reduces the dimensions while keeping the vital information of an image, and these are accomplished through two phases. Specifically, the improved fast density peaks clustering (I-FDPC) algorithm is employed to pick out the scattered bands in geometric space to generate a candidate set U at first. Then, we conduct pruning in U through iterative information analysis until the target set Ω is built. In this phase, we need to calculate comprehensive information score (CIS) for every member in U after assigning weights to the amount of information (AoI) and correlation. In each iteration, the band with highest score is selected into Ω , and the ones highly related to it will be removed out of U via a threshold. Compared with the four state-of-the-art unsupervised algorithms on real-world HSI datasets (IndianP and PaviaU), we find that SICEM has strong ability to form an optimal reduced-dimension combination with low correlation and rich information and it performs well in discrete band distribution, accuracy, consistency, and stability.

BASIC CLASSIFIERS OF FORMAL CLASSIFICATION THEORY OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: HIERARCHIES, VECTORS AND MATRICES, BANDS

The article considers the importance of a technical system among other technical systems in order to ensure its functioning and development, to classify objects, subjects, processes of the technical and related systems. Previously, the author presented the basics of the formal classification theory. This article describes the basic classifiers and operations with them. Three types of basic classifications are identified: discrete hierarchical, discrete matrix and continuous band classifications. For them the concept, structure, dimension, basic operations (addition, multiplication, equality) are defined. In the hierarchy, the classification attributes can be sorted by subordination, when the classification attributes of the lower levels of the hierarchy detail the features of higher levels. The dimension of the hierarchical classification is the number of levels of classification features. Matrix classifications (including vector and super-matrix) are used when the classification attributes are equal and their values are discrete. Band classifications are similar in structure to matrix classifications, but the value of the classification attribute is the interval of numbers, for which the lower and upper boundaries are determined. The dimension of the matrix and band classifications is equal to the number of non-subordinate classification attributes. For all classifications, multiplication is equivalent to the introduction of new classification attributes, addition is the introduction of new values of already existing classification attributes. A unified approach to various types of classifications makes it possible to plan the structure of classifications of specific technical systems, taking into account the properties of characteristic parameters

Uranium incorporation in fluorite and exploration of U–Pb dating

The age of ore deposits constitutes a decisive element in understanding their formation. Deciphering their precise chronology may be a challenge in the absence of mineral phases that can be dated by conventional geochronometers. Fluorite is very common either as the major or accessory mineral in a wide variety of ores and may provide information regarding the origin and timing of mineralizing fluid flows. In this contribution, we explore U–Pb dating on fluorite crystals from the world-class carbonate strata-bound fluorite ore of Pierre-Perthuis in Burgundy (Morvan massif, France). The uranium distribution within fluorite is mapped using induced fission-track and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence nano-imaging, showing that higher U content is measured in an overgrowth of fluorite (Flog) as a discrete band. Preservation of a micrometer-thick zonation in U, associated with other substituted elements such as Sr, Y, Fe and Zr, implies that neither solid-state diffusion nor dissolution–recrystallization occurred. These U-bearing external fluorite overgrowths contain solid inclusions of about 30 µm globular pyrite crystals with a mean δ34S of −23.6 ± 0.4 ‰V-CDT. We propose that the U incorporation in the fluorite lattice results from the development of a redox front during bacterial sulfate reduction. Flog generation sampled and analyzed by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on four different crystals provides identical U–Pb ages within the limits of analytical uncertainty. Considered altogether, these four crystals yield an age estimate of 40.0 ± 1.7 Ma, not corrected for matrix-related elemental fractionation. Our results show that fluorite LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology has potential for dating distinct crystal growth stages, although further research should be conducted to evaluate its accuracy.

Theoretical aspects of obtaining a helical surface from a thin strip during sheet stamping

В статье рассмотрены теоретические аспекты получения винтовой поверхности из тонкой полосы при листовой штамповке. Также предложена модель для расчета компонентов напряженно-деформированного состояния полосы и отдельных технологических параметров. Для удобства расчетов предполагается, что полоса имеет достаточную длину и угол закручивания по всей длине полосы одинаков. Несмотря на значительные упрощения геометрического характера, задача о кручении полосы остается сложной, вследствие двумерности напряженного состояния, геометрической и физической нелинейности процесса деформирования. Ее дальнейшее решение целесообразно основывать на методе конечных элементов, ориентируясь на применение ЭВМ. Для замыкания системы уравнений, описывающих поведение дискретной модели полосы на шаге нагружения, необходимо связать напряжения и малые приращения деформаций в середине каждого элемента. Для этого используем теорию пластического течения, пренебрегая упругими составляющими деформаций вследствие их малости по сравнению с большими пластическими деформациями. The article deals with the theoretical aspects of obtaining a helical surface from a thin strip during sheet stamping. A model is also proposed for calculating the components of the stress-strain state of the strip and individual technological parameters. For convenience of calculations, it is assumed that the strip has a sufficient length and the angle of twisting along the entire length of the strip is the same. Despite significant geometric simplifications, the problem of band torsion remains complex due to the two-dimensionality of the stress state, the geometric and physical nonlinearity of the deformation process. Its further solution should be based on the finite element method, focusing on the use of computers. To close the system of equations describing the behavior of the discrete band model at the loading step, it is necessary to relate the stresses and small increments of deformations in the middle of each element. To do this, we use the theory of plastic flow, neglecting the elastic components of deformations due to their smallness in comparison with large plastic deformations.

Uranium incorporation in fluorite and exploration of U-Pb dating

The age of ore deposits constitutes a decisive element in understanding their formation. Deciphering their precise chronology may be a challenge in the absence of mineral phases that can be dated by conventional geochronometers. Fluorite is very common either as the major or accessory mineral in a wide variety of ores and may provide information regarding the origin and timing of mineralizing fluid flows. In this contribution, we explore U-Pb dating on fluorite crystals from the world-class carbonate strata-bound fluorite ore of Pierre-Perthuis in Burgundy (Morvan massif, France). Uranium distribution within fluorite is mapped using induced fission-track and Synchrotron radiation X-Ray Fluorescence nano-imaging, showing that higher uranium content is measured in an overgrowth of fluorite (Flog) as a discrete band. Preservation of a micrometer-thick zonation in U, associated with other substituted elements such as Sr, Y, Fe and Zr implies that neither solid-state diffusion nor dissolution-recrystallization did occur. These U-bearing external fluorite overgrowths contain solid inclusions of about 30 µm globular pyrite crystals with a mean δ34S of −23.6 ± 0.4 ‰ V-CDT. We propose that the U incorporation in the fluorite lattice results from its reduction mediated by H2S release during bacterial sulphate reduction. Flog generation sampled and analyzed by LA-ICP-MS on four different crystals provides identical U-Pb ages within the limits of analytical uncertainty. Considered altogether, these four crystals yield an age estimate of 40.0 ± 1.7 Ma, not corrected for matrix-related elemental fractionation. Our results show that fluorite LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology has potential for dating distinct crystal growth stages, although further research should be conducted to evaluate its accuracy.

Caution in Using Proteins Extracted from Exhaled Breath Condensate of Intubated Patients for Pediatric ARDS Studies

Objective We sought to analyze the quality of proteins extracted from the humidified moisture exchange filter (HMEF) of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation.Results Proteins were extracted from ten filters from one control and six PARDS subjects. Between 0.69-1.69 mg of protein was extracted from each. Silver stain of these extracts identified only one discrete band compared to many discrete bands in mouse BALF. Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry of this band and a corresponding band in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid identified them as human and mouse albumin respectively. Multiple other non-degraded proteins were obvious in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but not proteins extracted from HMEFs.

A Rare Presentation of Biclonal Gammopathy in Multiple Myeloma with Simultaneous Extramedullary Involvement: A Case Report

Multiple myeloma is characterized by an abnormal clone of plasma cell infiltration in the bone marrow and presence of a high level monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein) in the serum or urine in most cases. The monoclonal protein is usually detected as a discrete band in the gamma globulin region by serum protein electrophoresis. Rarely, it may show a simultaneous presence of two distinct bands, which could be either from a single clone, or two separate clones. We report a very unusual presentation of biclonality with lambda restricted IgG predominant cells from cervical lymph node and kappa restricted IgA cells from the bone marrow simultaneously.

RELIABILITY CALCULATION AND MONTE CARLO METHOD

A simple, effective and easy to implement method for the reliability calculation of the discrete systems with randomly chosen parameters is presented in this paper. Since there are many reasons for reliability decreasing, the influence of system instability to the system reliability is considered in this paper. This method is very applicable in practice, for example in safety engineering, failure analysis, etc. Random choice of parameter value for which the system has the larger probability of stability enables the maximum reliability. In this way many problems can be avoided, for example failures of components and system. The proposed method is illustrated on an example of discrete band frequency damper and its validity has been confirmed by Monte Carlo method. Key words: Reliability, Probability of stability, Monte Carlo method