scholarly journals Variability of morphological structures in Cypripedium calceolus (Orchidaceae) and their relationship with the habitat conditions in the southern taiga ecosystems, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Yu. Egorova ◽  
◽  
Venera N. Suleimanova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Cypripedium Calceolus

ECOLOGY OF CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS L. (ORCHIDACEAE) IN KIROV REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (2) ◽  
pp. 234-248
Author(s):  
V. N. Suleimanova ◽  
N. Yu. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Soil Salt ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Cypripedium Calceolus ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Lathyrus Vernus

The object of our research was one of the most common orchids in the world – Cypripedium calceolus L. As a rare species, it is listed in the Red book of the Russian Federation (3 category of rarity) [8], the Kirov region (3 category of rarity) [9], as well as in the Red books of 59 regions of the Russian Federation [2]. Limiting factors in the Kirov region are the violation of habitats as a result of anthropogenic impacts – deforestation, recreation, collection for bouquets, digging, reducing the number of species. Studies on the study of C. calceolus in the Kirov region are isolated [10–12]. The purpose of this work is to identify phytocenotic parameters and environmental conditions of C. calceolus habitats within the southern taiga fragment of the range. Studies of ecological and cenotic conditions of C. calceolus habitats were conducted in southern taiga forest ecosystems within the Kirov region (Slobodskaya, Afanasyevsky districts) (See table 1) in the period from 2012 to 2019. The studied habitats of C. calceolus are confined to non-morally-boreal-small-grass and grass spruce forests (Melico nutantis-Piceetum abietis subass. typicum, Maianthemo-Piceetum subass. typicum var. typical) (See fig. 1), pine trees with fir and spruce of various grasses (Melico nutantis-Pinetum sylvestris var. Lathyrus vernus). The growth of C. calceolus on the technogenically disturbed substrate of an old spent limestone quarry overgrown with coniferous rocks and various grasses was also noted. All the studied biotopes are characterized by a large constancy of non-moral species with not significant coverage of mosses. The stand of spruce forest types is dominated by Picea abies, pine-Pinus sylvestris. Abies sibirica occurs as an impurity. The undergrowth layer has a diverse species composition: Sorbus aucuparia, Frangula alnus, Lonicera xylosteum, Yuniperus communis, Daphne mezereum. In this tier of most studied phytocenoses there is a Atragene sibirica. The grass-shrub layer is also very diverse, which determines the high specificity of these communities. In addition to species of boreal small grass (Maianthemum bifolium, Orthilia secunda, Luzula pilosa, Rubus saxatilis), the presence of non – morals is characteristic-Lathyrus vernus, Melica nutans, Stellaria holostea, Asarum europaeum. Moss-lichen layer is fragmentary (covering up to 45 %), Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens act as sodominants. Phyto-indication of the studied C. calceolus habitats according to ten ecological scales of D. N. Tsyganov (See table 2, Fig. 2) showed that in relation to the complex of all environmental factors, the studied species is mesovalent (MV) (It total = 0.54) and has an average level of lability in relation to the studied environmental factors. In relation to the complex of all environmental factors, C. calceolus is a mesobiont species. On a scale of soil acidity, the species is semistarvation at termokhimicheskie and apolitically scale and dial illumination-shading – metavalent on the scale of the wealth of the soil nitrogen – hemimillennial at createmotions scale and the scale of continentality of the climate avivamento. Only on the scale of soil moisture and the scale of soil salt regime, C. calceolus is stenovalent, which indicates a very limited range of possible habitats for this factor. The species, in the studied habitats, realizes from 4.61 to 23.84 % of its potential according to the studied factors. For C. calceolus, the results obtained allow us to extend the scale of soil acidity by 0.75 degrees to the right. According to the other scales, the values of the ecological space of the studied CP are placed in the ranges given by D. N. Tsyganov for this type Edaphic conditions of C. calceolus on the scale of soil moisture correspond to regimes from dry-saline to wet-forest-saline; on the factor of soil salt regime-poor soils; soil acidity – acidic-slightly acidic soils; soil richness in nitrogen – nitrogen – poor soils; moisture variability-soils with relatively stable and poorly variable moisture.

scholarly journals RARE ORCHIDS IN THE NATIONAL PARK «NIZHNYAYA KAMA» AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES IN THE NORTH OF TATARSTAN (EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA), THEIR HABITATS AND STATE OF POPULATIONS

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
M. B. Fardeeva ◽  
Yu. A. Lukyanova ◽  
N. R. Shafigullina
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Green Moss ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Cypripedium Calceolus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The article examines the populations of rare species of orchids Cypripedium calceolus (L.), Epipactis helleborine L., Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br, Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Neottianthe cucullata (L.) Schlechter, Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The temperate continental climate prevails on the territory of Tatarstan, which is typical for the central part and northwestern regions of the Volga and Predkamye. In contrast, the north and northeast of Tatarstan are characterized by a moderately cool climate with a lot of precipitation during the growing season. Small fragments of the southern taiga complexes with green moss spruce and fir are formed in the north, in the Baltasi district. Dark coniferous species – spruce and fir are dominated in the north-east along the river Vyatka in Lubyanskoye forestry in coniferous-deciduous forests. Such habitats are characterized by the predominance of typically boreal and boreal-nemoral species of shrubs, grasses and mosses. Rare species have been recorded: Pyrola media Sw., P. chlorantha Sw., Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub, Hypopitys monotropa Crantz, Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie. Orchid populations have some features. The development and flowering of Platanthera bifolia and Cypripedium calceolus occur 7–10 days later in comparison with central and northwestern regions of Tatarstan. Virginal and adult vegetative individuals predominate in the population structure. Generative individuals of C. calceolus in spruce-broad-leaved and pine-spruce with fir forests often do not form clones; their share is 72 % of all generative plants. The number of shoots of C. calceolus clones decreases and makes in average 3.2 shoots. On the contrary, the number of shoots in clones of the northwestern populations is equal to 6.5. The share of generative individuals of the studied populations of P. bifolia is 25 % on average and it significantly decreases in the populations of the recreational zone of the National Park. The species grows here in dry pine forests on compacted soil, and, probably, tourists pick flowers up for bouquets. Populations of N. cucullata and G. repens are found only in the protected and buffer zones of the National Park. The age structure is full-term though the share of generative plants is quite low and averages 34 % for N. cucullata, and only 15 % for G. repens. N. cucullata and G. repens have not been found yet in habitats with suitable abiotic and biotic conditions in the north and north-east of Tatarstan. This fact requires further research. The species composition of mosses is almost identical in the habitats of orchids (Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt., dominates among mosses in all phytocenoses, but the projective cover and height of the moss tufts differ significantly. Typically boreal and hemiboreal species are registered: P. schreberi Dicranum polysetum Sw., Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst, Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr., Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Bruch et al., Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) DeNot. A rare species – Plagiomnium drummondii (Bruch&Schimp.) T.J. Kop. is identified in the north of the Republic of Tatarstan. The abundance and development of mosses, as guarantors of humidity and preservation of microclimatic conditions, are important conditions for the growth of symbiotrophic fungi that contribute to the maintenance of orchids and many species of boreal forests on the southern border of their distribution.

SEEDING DENSITY OF DIFFERENT FISH SPECIES IN POLYCULTURE

2017 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Yuriy Borisovich Lvov
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Trophic Preferences ◽  
Breeding Zone ◽  
Practical Progress

The article touches upon the principles, biological basics and practical progress of introduction of specific and age polyculture of fishes. Using the results of the analysis of literary and long-term native data, there has been offered the gradation of 12 fish species from different families by resistance to habitat conditions. Crucian ( Carassius gibelio ) has been chosen as the most sustainable object of cultivation. There has been taken an attempt to calculate the number of seeding different fish species in polyculture taking into account their physiological features is made. Subject to specific physiological features of the studied species, there was carried out recalculation of their natural reproductive performance in different fish-breeding zones, which is traditionally carried out for a carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). In particular, in the second fish-breeding zone with area of 1 hectare it is possible to breed 120 kg of carp, or 150 kg of crucian, or 75 kg of silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys ). Overall productivity is made up of a share of fishes in polyculture, but taking into account tolerance of species, it can be lower than productivity calculated for carp. The method of calculation and formulas which give the chance to determine seeding density of fish species for breeding in polyculture have been offered. This technique makes it possible to use trophic preferences and consider tolerance of each species to the conditions of breeding areas.

Species Diversity in Grassland Communities Under Different Habitat Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Tadeusz Szarejko ◽  
Czesław Hołdyński ◽  
Wiesław Piotr Jastrzębski
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Grassland Communities

Natural regeneration of pine after ground fires on the territory of the Leningrad region

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.В. Гусев
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Positive Effect

Естественное возобновление является важным фактором формирования насаждений, особенно главных лесообразующих пород. Растительное сообщество становится жизнестойким при условии способности восстановить численность популяций заменой погибших экземпляров новыми. Было выяснено в каком количестве происходит естественное возобновление сосны на гарях по сравнению с граничащими участками, не пройденными пожарами, взятые в качестве контроля. Район исследований относится к южной подзоне тайги на территории Ленинградской области в Кировском и Лужском лесничествах. Объектом исследований стали сосновые насаждения, где работы проводились в летний период с 2013 по 2015 год. Всего подобрано 36 участков (включая контроль) размером не более 0,3 га. Учет подроста проводился на учетных площадках. Каждая учетная площадка закладывалась при помощи шеста длиной 178,5 см. Площадь круговых площадок составляла 10 м2, они расположены последовательно друг за другом с непосредственным примыканием. На каждой площадке проводили перечет подроста и делили его по высоте на три категории крупности: мелкий до 0,5 м, средний – 0,6–1,5 м и крупный – более 1,5 м. А также естественное возобновление на участках делили по густоте – на три категории: редкий – до 2 тыс., средней густоты – 2–8 тыс., густой – более 8 тыс. растений на 1 га; по распределению по площади – на три категории в зависимости от встречаемости. Анализ послепожарного возобновления в сосняках показал, что на пробных площадях наблюдается отличное возобновление подроста сосны и обилие на площади, все это связано с уничтожением лесной подстилки, увеличением минерализации почвы что, в конечном счете, положительно влияет на естественное лесовосстановление, о чем свидетельствует появление всходов, а также лучше становится гидрологический режим почвы. Благодаря этому происходит хорошее восстановление. Количество благонадежного подроста составляет от 3,5 до 11,9 тыс. шт./га и его достаточно для естественного восстановления ценопопуляции после пожара. Подтверждена зависимость количество самосева и толщины лесной подстилки. Прогретая после пожара, богатая минеральными веществами почва благоприятна для появления всходов и самосева древесных растений. Natural regeneration is an important factor in the formation of plantations, especially the main forest-forming species. Plant community becomes viable, provided the ability to recover populations, replacement of lost copies new. Find out how much happens in a natural pine regeneration in burned areas compared to adjacent areas not affected by fires, are taken as a control. The study area belongs to the subzone of southern taiga on the territory of Leningrad region, the Kirov and Luga districts. The object of research became pine plantations where the work was carried out in year period from 2013 to 2015. Just picked up 36 stations (including the control) no larger than 0.3 hectares. accounting for the undergrowth was conducted on index sites. Each user platform was laid with a pole length of 178.5 cm the area of the circular pads was 10 m2, they are located successively one after another with a direct connection. At each site conducted the translation of the undergrowth and it was divided in height into three categories of size: small up to 0.5 m, average 0.6 to 1.5 meters and large – more than 1.5 meters. And natural regeneration on plots divided by the density for three categories: rare – up to 2 thousand, medium density – 2 to 8 thousand, thick – more than 8 thousand plants per 1 ha; on the distribution of the area – into three categories depending on the occurrence. Analysis of post-fire regeneration in pine forests showed that the sample areas there is a great renewal of undergrowth of pine and the abundance on the square, all this is due to the destruction of forest litter, increasing salinity of the soil which, ultimately, has a positive effect on natural regeneration, as evidenced by the appearance of seedlings, as well as better hydrological regime of the soil. Which a good recovery. The number of reliable undergrowth is from 3.5 to 11.9 thousand PCs/ha, enough for natural regeneration of seedlings after the fire. Confirmed the dependence of the number of self-seeding and thickness of forest litter. After the fire-warmed, mineral-rich soil is favorable for emergence and self-seeding of woody plants.

НОВЫЕ МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИЯ ОРХИДНЫХ В ТАЕЖНОЙ ЗОНЕ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ЧАСТИ РОССИИ, ОБНАРУЖЕННЫЕ В 2011-2014 ГГ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"

2014 ◽  
pp. 1383-1387
Author(s):  
П.Г. ЕФИМОВ ◽  
Г.Ю. КОНЕЧНАЯ ◽  
В.А. СМАГИН ◽  
В.В. КУРОПАТКИН ◽  
М.Г. НОСКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Cypripedium Calceolus ◽  
Liparis Loeselii

Приводятся новые данные о распространении орхидных на территории северо-запада и северо-востока Европейской России (Ленинградская, Псковская, Новгородская, Архангельская, Вологодская области). Orchis mascula является новым видом для Псковской обл. (и в целом для северо-запада Европейской России), Gymnadenia densiflora - для Новгородской и Liparis loeselii - для Вологодской областей. Orchis militaris впервые обнаружен в Псковской обл. за последние 99 лет. Также обсуждаются находки других редких видов - Ophrys insectifera, Cypripedium calceolus, Listera cordata, особо значимых с точки зрения охраны природы. Все находки необходимо учесть при составлении обновленных списков видов, подлежащих охране в соответствующих регионах.

Measuring stream habitat conditions: Can remote sensing substitute for field data?

2021 ◽  
pp. 147617
Author(s):  
Karina Dias-Silva ◽  
Thiago Bernardi Vieira ◽  
Talissa Pio de Matos ◽  
Leandro Juen ◽  
Juliana Simião-Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Habitat Conditions

scholarly journals Floral Scent and Pollinators of Cypripedium calceolus L. at Different Latitudes

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Herbert Braunschmid ◽  
Robin Guilhot ◽  
Stefan Dötterl
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Floral Scents ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Octyl Acetate ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Cypripedium Calceolus ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Floral scent is an important trait in plant–pollinator interactions. It not only varies among plant species but also among populations within species. Such variability might be caused by various non–selective factors, or, as has been shown in some instances, might be the result of divergent selective pressures exerted by variable pollinator climates. Cypripedium calceolus is a Eurasian deceptive orchid pollinated mainly by bees, which spans wide altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in mainly quite isolated populations. In the present study, we investigated whether pollinators and floral scents vary among different latitudes. Floral scents of three C. calceolus populations in the Southern Alps were collected by dynamic headspace and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These data were completed by previously published scent data of the Northern Alps and Scandinavia. The scent characteristics were compared with information on pollinators recorded for present study or available in the literature. More than 80 scent compounds were overall recorded from plants of the three regions, mainly aliphatics, terpenoids, and aromatics. Seven compounds were found in all samples, and most samples were dominated by linalool and octyl acetate. Although scents differed among regions and populations, the main compounds were similar among regions. Andrena and Lasioglossum species were the main pollinators in all three regions, with Andrena being relatively more abundant than Lasioglossum in Scandinavia. We discuss natural selection mediated by pollinators and negative frequency–dependent selection as possible reasons for the identified variation of floral scent within and among populations and regions.

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