scholarly journals PELARIAN VIETNAM : SATU ISU GLOBAL DALAM SEJARAH HUBUNGAN LUAR MALAYSIA[VIETNAMESE REFUGEES : A GLOBAL ISSUE IN THE HISTORY OF MALAYSIA FOREIGN AFFAIRS]

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syahrul Alim Baharuddin ◽  
Azlizan Mat Enh
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Vietnamese Refugees ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Malaysian Government

This paper aims to provide insights into the issue related to Vietnamese refugees in Malaysia which became a global issue from 1975 to 1991. The study addresses major factors that contribute to the problem, and diplomatic relation between Malaysia and Vietnam that influences Malaysian government to assist in resolving the issue of Vietnamese refugees. Data were generated through the analysis of documents obtained from primer sources including reports from United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), official records from Malaysian government such as Official Statement of Parliament, and Report of Bidong Island Submission Ceremony to Terengganu Government as well as secondary sources (i.e. scholars’ studies on Vietnam). The findings suggest that the Vietnamese refugees issue occurred due to domestic factors that prompt the Vietnamese to flee to neighbouring countries in the region. In particular, political, economy and social factors are inter-related in disrupting the stability and peace of the country. The presence of refugees in Malaysia is a serious matter as it challenges sovereignty and national security of Malaysia.Keywords: refugees, Vietnam, Malaysia, global issue, factor, history.Cite as: Baharuddin, S.A & Mat Enh, A. (2018). Pelarian Vietnam: Satu isu global dalam sejarah hubungan luar Malaysia [Vietnamese refugees: A global issue in the history of Malaysia foreign affairs]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(1), 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss1pp1-18  AbstrakKertas kerja ini bermatlamat memahami isu pelarian Vietnam yang pernah melanda Malaysia dan menjadi isu global bermula dari tahun 1975 hingga 1991. Tumpuan utama penganalisaan dan penelitian diberikan terhadap faktor yang membawa kepada berlakunya masalah pelarian Vietnam serta hubungan yang terjalin antara Malaysia dan Vietnam sehingga mendorong Malaysia membantu menyelesaikan masalah pelarian Vietnam. Bagi menghuraikan persoalan ini, pendekatan analisis digunakan dengan merujuk kepada sumber primer iaitu laporan daripada United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), rekod-rekod rasmi Malaysia seperti Penyata Rasmi Parlimen dan Laporan Majlis Penyerahan Balik Pulau Bidong kepada Kerajaan Terengganu selain sumber sekunder iaitu kajian para sarjana mengenai negara Vietnam. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa isu pelarian Vietnam berlaku disebabkan oleh faktor dalam negara itu sendiri yang mempengaruhi rakyat untuk lari ke negara jirannya di rantau ini. Faktor politik, ekonomi dan sosial saling berkait antara satu sama lain yang mengganggu kestabilan dan keamanan di negara itu. Sehubungan itu, kehadiran pelarian di Malaysia adalah isu yang serius kerana ia menyumbang kepada masalah kedaulatan dan keselamatan Malaysia.Kata kunci : Pelarian, Vietnam, Malaysia, isu global, faktor, sejarah. 

scholarly journals Japanese Foreign Policy towards the Republic of Croatia: Preventive Diplomacy and Post-conflict Reconstruction 1994 - 1997

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Peric
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Republic

This article analyses the policy of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) towards the former republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in the 1990s during the Yugoslav crisis. It argues that MOFA adopted an indirect foreign policy approach since it acted through theUnited Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to help foster the peace process. The article particularly focuses on the roles played by Yasushi Akashi, the head of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Sadako Ogata, through whom Japan provided aid during the humanitarian crisis. Japan exerted its preventive diplomacy to defuse tensions in the successor republics and to prevent thespread of the conflict to Macedonia and Albania. After the end of the conflict, Japan’s policy towards the region focused on post-conflict reconstruction and supporting the transition to prepare for theEuropean integration process.

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian MacNaughton ◽  
Mariah McGill
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Right

For over two decades, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has taken a leading role in promoting human rights globally by building the capacity of people to claim their rights and governments to fulfill their obligations. This chapter examines the extent to which the right to health has evolved in the work of the OHCHR since 1994, drawing on archival records of OHCHR publications and initiatives, as well as interviews with OHCHR staff and external experts on the right to health. Analyzing this history, the chapter then points to factors that have facilitated or inhibited the mainstreaming of the right to health within the OHCHR, including (1) an increasing acceptance of economic and social rights as real human rights, (2) right-to-health champions among the leadership, (3) limited capacity and resources, and (4) challenges in moving beyond conceptualization to implementation of the right to health.

What Do We Mean by Protection?

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallal Stevens
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
The State ◽  
Refugee Policy ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Refugee Convention ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
High Commissioner

Protection is arguably the raison-d’être of refugee policy. Yet, surprisingly, the meaning of protection is not without ambiguity. ‘Domestic protection’ can be distinguished from ‘international protection’; the sense attributed to protection within the 1951 Refugee Convention contrasts with that of the 1950 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Statute. Equally, how the state interprets its protective obligations departs frequently from the practice of humanitarian organisations. Alongside such differences, there has been a proliferation of protection concepts in recent years which, far from improving understanding, have added unnecessary confusion and undermined the fundamental purpose of protection. This article considers the language of ‘protection’ within the refugee field and argues that protection proliferation must now be addressed and reversed.

Mandate or Donors? Explaining the UNHCR’s Country-Level Expenditures from 1967 to 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172097433
Author(s):  
Svanhildur Thorvaldsdottir ◽  
Ronny Patz ◽  
Klaus H Goetz
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Contributions ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
Country Level ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Donor Influence ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Major Donors ◽  
Expenditure Allocation

In recent decades, many international organizations have become almost entirely funded by voluntary contributions. Much existing literature suggests that major donors use their funding to refocus international organizations’ attention away from their core mandate and toward serving donors’ geostrategic interests. We investigate this claim in the context of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), examining whether donor influence negatively impacts mandate delivery and leads the organization to direct expenditures more toward recipient countries that are politically, economically, or geographically salient to major donors. Analyzing a new dataset of UNHCR finances (1967–2016), we find that UNHCR served its global mandate with considerable consistency. Applying flexible measures of collective donor influence, so-called “influence-weighted interest scores,” our findings suggest that donor influence matters for the expenditure allocation of the agency, but that mandate-undermining effects of such influence are limited and most pronounced during salient refugee situations within Europe.

The Repatriation and Resettlement of the Southern Sudanese

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Louise W. Holborn
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Refugee Population ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations

While the world press has focused over the past year on problems surrounding the creation of still another refugee population in Africa — that of Uganda's Asians — far too little attention has been directed to the remarkable though still fragile process of repatriation and resettlement of hundreds of thousands of Southern Sudanese. This population of displaced persons includes both refugees who fled to other countries and large numbers of homeless who hid in the bush during the civil war that wracked the Sudan for seventeen years, from 1955 through the first months of 1972. Responding to the initiatives of President Gaafar al-Nimeiry of the Sudan, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR), under an explicit mandate from the Secretary- General of the United Nations, has been raising funds, organizing activities on behalf of the most pressing needs and working closely with all local interests to meet overwhelming problems.

IDPs and refugees in the OSCE area

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Volker Türk
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
North Africa ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
60Th Anniversary ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Status

AbstractThis year marks the 60th anniversary of the UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 50th anniversary of the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. And yet there are almost 5 million refugees and internally displaced persons in the OSCE area. The crisis in North Africa and the Middle East is creating a vast new displacement challenge, including for OSCE participating States. What are the legal and policy gaps in terms of protection? And what steps are the OSCE and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) taking to tackle the problem of IDPs, refugees and statelessness in the OSCE?

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